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'''Open-source films''' (also known as '''open-content films''' and '''free-content films''') are films which are produced and distributed by using [[free and open-source software]] methodologies. Their sources are freely available and [[free license|the licenses used]] meet the demands of the [[Open Source Initiative]] (OSI) in terms of freedom.
'''Open-source films''' (also known as '''open-content films''' and '''free-content films''') are films which are produced and distributed by using [[free and open-source]] and [[open content]] methodologies. Their [[source code|sources]] are freely available and [[free license|the licenses used]] meet the demands of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in terms of freedom.


== Definition ==
== Definition ==
⚫
A definition of an open-source film is based on the OSI's [[open-source software]] definition<ref>[http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd OSD]</ref> and the [[Definition of Free Cultural Works|definition of free cultural licenses]].<ref>[http://freedomdefined.org/Definition Definition]</ref> This definition can be applied to films where:

⚫
A definition of an open-source film is based on the OSI's open-source software definition[http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd] and the [[Definition of Free Cultural Works|definition of free cultural licenses]][http://freedomdefined.org/Definition]. This definition can be applied to films where:


# The license of the movie is approved for [[Definition of Free Cultural Works|free cultural works]]. Specifically this is true for the [[Creative Commons]] licenses by and by-sa.
# The license of the movie is approved for [[Definition of Free Cultural Works|free cultural works]]. Specifically this is true for the [[Creative Commons]] licenses by and by-sa.
# The materials used in the movie (sources) are also available under a license which is approved for free cultural works.
# The materials used in the movie (sources) are also available under a license which is approved for free cultural works.
# The movie and its sources are made publicly available via an online download or by other means that are either free or with a cost that covers reasonable reproduction expenses only.
# The movie and its sources are made publicly available via an online download or by other means that are either free or with a cost that covers reasonable reproduction expenses only.
# The sources should be viewable and editable with free/open-source software. If this is not the case, they must be convertible into such a format by using free/open-source software. The same applies to the movie itself.
# The sources should be viewable and editable with free/open-source software. If this is not the case they must be convertible into such a format by using free/open-source software. The same applies to the movie itself.
# It should be possible to re-create or re-assemble the movie using the source materials.
# It should be possible to re-create or re-assemble the movie using the source materials.


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== List of open-source films ==
== List of open-source films ==
⚫
{{main|List of open-source films}}

* Some movies below do *not* have licenses approved for free cultural works.

⚫
{{main|list of open content films}}
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
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! style="background:#efefef;" | Comment
! style="background:#efefef;" | Comment
|-
|-
|''[http://www.minskimedia.com/projects/dta.html Dancing to Architecture – a motion picture about TINA]''
|''[[This Is Not Art|Dancing to Architecture – a motion picture about TINA]]''
|Documentary
|Documentary
|2002
|2002
|by 2.5 AU
|by 2.5 AU
|<center>[http://www.minskimedia.com/projects/dta-archive.html link]</center>
|{{center|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140203134304/http://www.minskimedia.com/projects/dta-archive.html link]}}
|Collaborative production. Vital Focus 2002.
|Collaborative production. Vital Focus 2002.
|-
|-
|''[[Route 66 - An American Nightmare]]''
|''[http://route66.vebfilm.net/free/en Route 66]''
|road movie / [[Gonzo_journalism|gonzo]]-documentary
|[[road movie]] / [[Gonzo journalism|gonzo]]-documentary
|12/2004
|12/2004
|by-sa 3.0
|by-sa 3.0
| align="center" | [http://route66.vebfilm.net/free/en/free-open-source-film-download-streaming streaming] [http://www.clearbits.net/torrents/52-route-66-documentary torrent]
| align="center" |[http://www.vebfilm.net/usa-mexiko-peru-libertas-roman-stefan-kluge-1 link] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120225181258/http://route66.vebfilm.net/free/en/free-open-source-film-download-streaming streaming] [http://www.clearbits.net/torrents/52-route-66-documentary torrent]
|Became popular as Germany's first open-source film. The license changed to CC by-sa in July 2009.
|Became popular as Germany's first open-source film. The license changed to CC by-sa in July 2009.
|-
|-
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|04/2006
|04/2006
|by 2.5
|by 2.5
|<center>[http://orange.blender.org/download link]</center>
|{{center|[http://orange.blender.org/download link]}}
|Created with the Blender open-source software.
|Created with the [[Blender (software)|Blender]] open-source software.
|-
|-
|''[[Stray Cinema]]''
|''Stray Cinema''
|Short Film/ Remix project
|Short Film/ [[Remix culture|Remix project]]
|2006
|2006
|by 3.0
|by 3.0
|<center>[http://straycinema.com/footage-2009/]</center>
|{{center|[http://straycinema.com/footage-2009/ link]}}
|Collaborative project
|Collaborative project
|--->
|--->
|-
|-
|''[http://re-potemkin.httpdot.net/ .re_potemkin ]''
|''[http://re-potemkin.httpdot.net/ .re_potemkin ]''
|contemporary art project
|[[contemporary art]] project
|2007
|2007
|<center>[http://www.httpdot.net/copyleft_ none/copyleft]</center>
|{{center|[http://www.httpdot.net/copyleft_ none/copyleft]}}
|<center>[http://re-potemkin.httpdot.net/ link]</center>
|{{center|[http://re-potemkin.httpdot.net/ link]}}
|A remake of Sergei Eisenstein's "Battleship Potemkin" using crowdsourcing / peer production method.
|A remake of Sergei Eisenstein's "Battleship Potemkin" using crowdsourcing / [[peer production]] method.
|-
|''[http://www.hdehal.com/oceania Oceania]''
|Feature-length independent film from the San Francisco Bay Area
|2008
|by-nc-sa 3.0
|<center>[http://www.hdehal.com/oceania homepage] [http://www.clearbits.net/torrents/179-oceania-an-independent-film-from-the-san-francisco-bay-area---high-quality torrent]</center>
|Self-distribution via BitTorrent and Archive.org (25,000+ downloads)
|-
|-
|''[[Big Buck Bunny]]''
|''[[Big Buck Bunny]]''
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|08/2008
|08/2008
|by 3.0
|by 3.0
|<center>[http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/index.php/download link]</center>
|{{center|[http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/index.php/download link]}}
|Created with the Blender Open Source Software.
|Created with the Blender Open Source Software.
|-
|-
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|02/2009
|02/2009
|by-sa 3.0
|by-sa 3.0
|<center>[http://moviepals.org/solomons-corner/jathias-wager/watch-and-download link]</center>
|{{center|[http://moviepals.org/solomons-corner/jathias-wager/watch-and-download link]}}
|Sources only consist of the movie without music score.
|Sources only consist of the movie without music score.
|-
|-
|''[[Sita Sings the Blues]]''
|''[[Sita Sings the Blues]]''
|animated musical of the Indian epic the Ramayana
|animated musical of the Indian epic the [[Ramayana]]
|2009
|2009
|CC0 1.0
|CC0 1.0
|<center>[http://www.sitasingstheblues.com/ link]</center>
|{{center|[http://www.sitasingstheblues.com/ link]}}
|
|
|-
|-
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|01/2010
|01/2010
|by-sa 3.0
|by-sa 3.0
|<center>[http://www.valkaama.com/index.php?page=sources&l=en homepage] [http://www.clearbits.net/torrents/979-valkaama---music-michael-georgi torrent]</center>
|{{center|1=[http://www.valkaama.com/index.php?page=sources&l=en homepage] [http://www.clearbits.net/torrents/979-valkaama---music-michael-georgi torrent]}}
|Collaborative project. HD download available (720p and 1080p)
|Collaborative project. HD download available (720p and 1080p)
|-
|-
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|in production
|in production
|by-sa
|by-sa
|<center>[https://archive.org/details/digitaltippingpoint link]</center>
|{{center|[https://archive.org/details/digitaltippingpoint link]}}
|Collaborative project.
|Collaborative project.
|-
|-
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|10/2010
|10/2010
|by 3.0
|by 3.0
|<center>[http://www.sintel.org/ link]</center>
|{{center|[http://www.sintel.org/ link]}}
|Created with the Blender Open Source Software.
|Created with the Blender Open Source Software.
|-
|-
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|10/2010
|10/2010
|by-sa 3.0
|by-sa 3.0
|<center>[http://lachuteduneplume.free.fr/?-English- homepage] [http://lachuteduneplume.free.fr/les_fichiers/sources/ link]</center>
|{{center|[http://lachuteduneplume.free.fr/?-English- homepage] [http://lachuteduneplume.free.fr/les_fichiers/sources/ link]}}
|Created with the [[Kdenlive]] Open Source Software.
|Created with the [[Kdenlive]] Open Source Software.
|-
|-
⚫
| original source footage of ''[[Tears of Steel]]''
|''[[Code Rush|Project Code Rush]]''
|documentary
|06/2009<ref>[http://waxy.org/2009/07/code_rush_in_the_creative_commons/ Code Rush release announcement.]</ref>
|by-nc-sa 3.0
|<center>[http://clickmovement.org/coderush link]</center>
|Code Rush originally aired in 2000 as a TV documentary.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499004/ Code Rush IMDb page]</ref>
|-
⚫
| original source footage of<br>''[[Tears of Steel]]''
| reference material for easing technical development of movie technology
| reference material for easing technical development of movie technology
| 2013-03-15<ref>[http://mango.blender.org/production/4-tb-original-4k-footage-available-as-cc-by/ 4 TB original 4k footage available as CC-by]</ref>
| 2013-03-15<ref>[http://mango.blender.org/production/4-tb-original-4k-footage-available-as-cc-by/ 4 TB original 4k footage available as CC-by]</ref>
| CC-by<br>(no usage of actor footage for commercials)
| CC-by<br>(no usage of actor footage for commercials)
| <center>[http://media.xiph.org/tearsofsteel/tearsofsteel-footage-exr/ Xiph.org]</center>
| {{center|[http://media.xiph.org/tearsofsteel/tearsofsteel-footage-exr/ Xiph.org]}}
| This is a first time addressing of the ''huge lack in available free high quality footage for motion tracking, keying and cleaning testing.'' The material was recorded with the Sony F65 camera (4k native sensor, see also [[Ultra high definition television| Ultra HD]]) and is formed by roughly ''80,000 frames, each in [[OpenEXR]] half float files, in 4096 x 2160 pixels. This is 5 times more footage than used in the film''. For the movie production the format encoding ''Rec709 “scene linear”'' was used in the processing pipeline.
| This is a first time addressing of the ''huge lack in available free high quality footage for motion tracking, keying and cleaning testing.'' The material was recorded with the Sony F65 camera (4k native sensor, see also [[Ultra-high-definition television|Ultra HD]]) and is formed by roughly ''80,000 frames, each in [[OpenEXR]] half float files, in 4096 x 2160 pixels. This is 5 times more footage than used in the film''. For the movie production the format encoding ''Rec709 “scene linear”'' was used in the processing pipeline.
|}
|}


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|last1=Cassarino|first1=I.|last2=Richter|first2=W.|year=2008|chapter=Swarm creativity: The legal and organizational challenges of open content film production (DIME Working Paper No. 45)|editor1-last=Andersen|editor1-first=B.|title=DIME Working Papers on Intellectual Property Rights|location=London|publisher=Birkbeck College|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|url=http://www.dime-eu.org/files/active/0/Cassarino-Richter-AB.pdf}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cassarino|first1=I.|last2=Richter|first2=W.|year=2008|chapter=Swarm creativity: The legal and organizational challenges of open content film production (DIME Working Paper No. 45)|editor1-last=Andersen|editor1-first=B.|title=DIME Working Papers on Intellectual Property Rights|location=London|publisher=Birkbeck College|url=http://www.dime-eu.org/files/active/0/Cassarino-Richter-AB.pdf}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{portal|Film}}
* [[Filmmaking]]
* [[Filmmaking]]
* [[Free video]]
* [[Open content]]
* [[Open content]]
* [[Open source]]
* [[Open source]]


== References ==
== References ==
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}

⚫
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Open Source Film}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Open Source Film}}
[[Category:Lists of films by technology]]
[[Category:Film production]]
[[Category:Film production]]
[[Category:Independent films]]
[[Category:Independent films]]
[[Category:Open content films]]
[[Category:Open content films| ]]

Revision as of 18:09, 12 January 2024

Open-source films (also known as open-content films and free-content films) are films which are produced and distributed by using free and open-source and open content methodologies. Their sources are freely available and the licenses used meet the demands of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in terms of freedom.

Definition

A definition of an open-source film is based on the OSI's open-source software definition[1] and the definition of free cultural licenses.[2] This definition can be applied to films where:

  1. The license of the movie is approved for free cultural works. Specifically this is true for the Creative Commons licenses by and by-sa.
  2. The materials used in the movie (sources) are also available under a license which is approved for free cultural works.
  3. The movie and its sources are made publicly available via an online download or by other means that are either free or with a cost that covers reasonable reproduction expenses only.
  4. The sources should be viewable and editable with free/open-source software. If this is not the case they must be convertible into such a format by using free/open-source software. The same applies to the movie itself.
  5. It should be possible to re-create or re-assemble the movie using the source materials.

Films or film projects which do not meet these criteria are either not open source or partially open source.

List of open-source films

Main article: List of open-source films
Name Typ Released CC License Sources Kommentar
Dancing to Architecture – a motion picture about TINA Documentary 2002 by 2.5 AU
link
 Collaborative production. Vital Focus 2002.
Route 66 - An American Nightmare road movie / gonzo-documentary 12/2004 by-sa 3.0 link streaming torrent Became popular as Germany's first open-source film. The license changed to CC by-sa in July 2009.
Elephants Dream animated short 04/2006 by 2.5
link
 Created with the Blender open-source software.
Stray Cinema Short Film/ Remix project 2006 by 3.0
link
 Collaborative project
.re_potemkin contemporary art project 2007
none/copyleft
link
 A remake of Sergei Eisenstein's "Battleship Potemkin" using crowdsourcing / peer production method.
Big Buck Bunny animated short 08/2008 by 3.0
link
 Created with the Blender Open Source Software.
Jathia's Wager short film 02/2009 by-sa 3.0
link
 Sources only consist of the movie without music score.
Sita Sings the Blues animated musical of the Indian epic the Ramayana 2009 CC0 1.0
link
Valkaama full feature 01/2010 by-sa 3.0
homepage torrent
 Collaborative project. HD download available (720p and 1080p)
The Digital Tipping Point documentary in production by-sa
link
 Collaborative project.
Sintel animated short 10/2010 by 3.0
link
 Created with the Blender Open Source Software.
La Chute d'une plume (pèse plus que ta pudeur) animated short 10/2010 by-sa 3.0
homepage link
 Created with the Kdenlive Open Source Software.
original source footage of Tears of Steel reference material for easing technical development of movie technology 2013-03-15[3] CC-by
(no usage of actor footage for commercials)
Xiph.org
 This is a first time addressing of the huge lack in available free high quality footage for motion tracking, keying and cleaning testing. The material was recorded with the Sony F65 camera (4k native sensor, see also Ultra HD) and is formed by roughly 80,000 frames, each in OpenEXR half float files, in 4096 x 2160 pixels. This is 5 times more footage than used in the film. For the movie production the format encoding Rec709 “scene linear” was used in the processing pipeline.

Further reading

  • Cassarino, I.; Richter, W. (2008). "Swarm creativity: The legal and organizational challenges of open content film production (DIME Working Paper No. 45)". In Andersen, B. (ed.). DIME Working Papers on Intellectual Property Rights (PDF). London: Birkbeck College.

See also

References

  1. ^ OSD
  2. ^ Definition
  3. ^ 4 TB original 4k footage available as CC-by
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