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{{Short description|Species of grass-like plant}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Schoenoplectus californicus''
|name = ''Schoenoplectus californicus''<br />California bulrush
| image = Scirpus californicus flowers 2005-03-24.jpg
|image = Scirpus californicus flowers 2005-03-24.jpg
⚫
|image_caption = [[Inflorescence]]
| image_width = 250px
|status = G5
⚫
| image_caption =
|status_system = TNC
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|genus = Schoenoplectus
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
⚫
|species = californicus
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
⚫
|authority = ([[Carl Anton von Meyer|C.A. Mey.]]) [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel|Steud.]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=danielle/>
| familia = [[Cyperaceae]]
|synonyms =
⚫
| genus = ''[[Schoenoplectus]]''
* ''Dichromena atrosanguinea''
⚫
| species = '''''S. californicus'''''
* ''Elytrospermum californicum''
⚫
| binomial = ''Schoenoplectus californicus''
* ''Malacochaete assimilis''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Anton von Meyer|C.A. Mey.]]) [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel|Steud.]]
* ''Malacochaete chilense''
⚫
| synonyms = ''Scirpus californicus''
* ''Malacochaete oligostachya''
* ''Malacochaete riparia''
* ''Malacochaete sanguinolenta''
* ''Malacochaete tatora''
⚫
* ''Schoenoplectus chamissoi''
* ''Schoenoplectus pseudotriqueter''
* ''Schoenoplectus riparius''
* ''Schoenoplectus tatora''
⚫
* ''Scirpus californicus''
* ''Scirpus chamissoi''
* ''Scirpus decipiens''
* ''Scirpus pseudotriqueter''
* ''Scirpus rigidus''
* ''Scirpus tereticulmis''
}}
}}


'''''Schoeneoplectus californicus''''' is a species of [[Cyperaceae|sedge]] known by the common names '''California bulrush''' and '''giant bulrush'''. It is also sometimes called '''tule''', but the closely related ''[[Tule|Schoenoplectus acutus]]'' is the more correct owner of that name. It is a [[rhizome]]d water plant found in marshy areas from southern and western North America to South America and on Pacific islands including some of those in the [[Hawaii]]an and [[Cook Islands|Cook chains]]. It has tall, thin, dark green stems which are usually triangular in cross-section and woolly, bristly tan or brown flowers in [[Panicle|panicle inflorescences]].
'''''Schoeneoplectus californicus''''' is a species of [[Cyperaceae|sedge]] known by the common names '''California bulrush''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SCCA11|taxon=Schoenoplectus californicus|access-date=7 November 2015}}</ref> '''southern bulrush''' and '''giant bulrush'''. It is also sometimes called "'''tule'''", but the closely related ''[[Tule|Schoenoplectus acutus]]'' is the species most often referred to by that name.


==External links==
==Description==
''Schoenoplectus californicus'' is a [[rhizome]]d water plant found in marshy areas. It is native to the southern and western [[United States]] as well as [[Mexico]], [[Central America]], [[South America]], [[Easter Island]], and the [[Falkland Islands]]. It is naturalized on some [[Pacific islands]] including [[New Zealand]], [[Hawaii]] and the [[Cook Islands]].<ref name=danielle>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=262943 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Schoenoplectus%20californicus.png Biota of North America Program, 2013 country distribution map]</ref><ref>Adams, C. D. 1994. 17. Schoenoplectus (H.G. Reichb.) Palla. 6: 449–450. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.</ref><ref>Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro</ref> It has tall, thin, dark green stems which are usually triangular in cross-section and woolly, bristly tan or brown flowers in [[Panicle|panicle inflorescences]].<ref>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?43573 Jepson Interchange: ''Schoenoplectus californicus'']</ref><ref>Gonzalez. 2007. Sinopsis de Scirpus s.l. (Cyperaceae) para México. Acta Botánica Mexicana 82: 15–41.</ref>
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SCCA11 USDA Plants Profile]

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*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7928,8145,8148 Jepson Manual Treatment]
[[File:Detalle Caballos de Totora.jpg|thumb|left|Caballos de Totora in Huanchaco Peru]]
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*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Scirpus+californicus Photos]

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{{Poales-stub}}
== Uses ==
⚫
[[Category:Cyperaceae]]
A notable [[subspecies]] is the totora, [[Schoenoplectus californicus subsp. tatora|''Schoenoplectus californicus'' subsp. ''tatora'']]. This is famous for making up the floating islands on which the [[Uros]] people of [[Lake Titicaca]] dwell, as well as occurring on isolated [[Easter Island]] in the Pacific.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02864698 Charles Heiser. 1978. The Totora (''Scirpus Californicus'') in Ecuador and Peru. Economic Botany July–September 1978, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp 222-236]</ref>

Boats have also been made from this plant by many cultures, including the [[Caballito de totora]] in Peru for over 3,000 years. The plants are still farmed in wetlands next to the sea for the boats, and there is also an ecological reserve that specifically protects these sedge farms called the [[Swamps of Huanchaco]].<ref>{{cite web |year= |url = http://caballitodetotora.tripod.com/totorales/pantanos.pdf |title=(spanish) Swamps of Huanchaco|editor = |access-date =2 May 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
⚫
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SCCA11 USDA Plants Profile]
⚫
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=43573 Jepson Manual Treatment]
⚫
* [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Scirpus+californicus Photos]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1759331}}

[[Category:Schoenoplectus|californicus]]
[[Category:Freshwater plants]]
[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
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[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of Central America]]
[[Category:Flora of Southern America]]
[[Category:Flora of Easter Island]]
[[Category:Flora of the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1830]]


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{{Cyperaceae-stub}}

Revision as of 22:30, 16 January 2024

Schoenoplectus californicus
California bulrush
Inflorescence

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Schoenoplectus
Species:
S. californicus
Binomial name
Schoenoplectus californicus
Synonyms[1]
  • Dichromena atrosanguinea
  • Elytrospermum californicum
  • Malacochaete assimilis
  • Malacochaete chilense
  • Malacochaete oligostachya
  • Malacochaete riparia
  • Malacochaete sanguinolenta
  • Malacochaete tatora
  • Schoenoplectus chamissoi
  • Schoenoplectus pseudotriqueter
  • Schoenoplectus riparius
  • Schoenoplectus tatora
  • Scirpus californicus
  • Scirpus chamissoi
  • Scirpus decipiens
  • Scirpus pseudotriqueter
  • Scirpus rigidus
  • Scirpus tereticulmis

Schoeneoplectus californicus is a species of sedge known by the common names California bulrush,[2] southern bulrush and giant bulrush. It is also sometimes called "tule", but the closely related Schoenoplectus acutus is the species most often referred to by that name.

Description

Schoenoplectus californicus is a rhizomed water plant found in marshy areas. It is native to the southern and western United States as well as Mexico, Central America, South America, Easter Island, and the Falkland Islands. It is naturalized on some Pacific islands including New Zealand, Hawaii and the Cook Islands.[1][3][4][5] It has tall, thin, dark green stems which are usually triangular in cross-section and woolly, bristly tan or brown flowers in panicle inflorescences.[6][7]

Caballos de Totora in Huanchaco Peru

Uses

A notable subspecies is the totora, Schoenoplectus californicus subsp. tatora. This is famous for making up the floating islands on which the Uros people of Lake Titicaca dwell, as well as occurring on isolated Easter Island in the Pacific.[8]

Boats have also been made from this plant by many cultures, including the Caballito de totora in Peru for over 3,000 years. The plants are still farmed in wetlands next to the sea for the boats, and there is also an ecological reserve that specifically protects these sedge farms called the Swamps of Huanchaco.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Schoenoplectus californicus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  3. ^ Biota of North America Program, 2013 country distribution map
  4. ^ Adams, C. D. 1994. 17. Schoenoplectus (H.G. Reichb.) Palla. 6: 449–450. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
  5. ^ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  6. ^ Jepson Interchange: Schoenoplectus californicus
  7. ^ Gonzalez. 2007. Sinopsis de Scirpus s.l. (Cyperaceae) para México. Acta Botánica Mexicana 82: 15–41.
  8. ^ Charles Heiser. 1978. The Totora (Scirpus Californicus) in Ecuador and Peru. Economic Botany July–September 1978, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp 222-236
  9. ^ "(spanish) Swamps of Huanchaco" (PDF). Retrieved 2 May 2021.


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