Humite: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox mineral |
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[[Image:Humite with Spinel.jpg|thumb|right|Humite specimen with [[spinel]] (purple) intergrowth]] |
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| name = Humite |
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'''Humite''' is an [[orthorhombic]] mineral of a transparent vitreous brown to orange color. It is found in the [[volcanic]]ally ejected masses of [[Vesuvius]]. It is a [[Silicate minerals|nesosilicate]] of [[iron]] and [[magnesium]] which also contains [[fluorine]] and [[hydroxide]]. The formula is: ([[magnesium|Mg]],[[iron|Fe]])<sub>7</sub>([[silicon|Si]][[oxygen|O]]<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>([[fluorine|F]],O[[hydrogen|H]])<sub>2</sub>. |
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| category = [[Silicate minerals|Nesosilicates]] |
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| image = Humite-155029.jpg |
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| imagesize = 260px |
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| caption = Humite specimen, Italy |
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| formula = (Mg,Fe)<sub>7</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(F,OH)<sub>2</sub>. |
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| IMAsymbol = Hu<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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| strunz = 9.AF.50 |
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| system = [[Orthorhombic]] |
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| class = Dipyramidal (mmm) <br/>[[H–M Symbol]]: (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
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| symmetry = ''Pbnm'' |
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| unit cell = a = 10.24, b = 20.72 <br/>c = 4.73 [Å]; Z = 4 |
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| color = White, yellow, dark orange, brown |
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| habit = |
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| twinning = |
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| cleavage = Poor |
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| fracture = Uneven to subconchoidal |
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| tenacity = Brittle |
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| mohs = 6–6.5 |
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| luster = Vitreous |
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| refractive = n<sub>α</sub> =1.607–1.643, n<sub>β</sub>=1.619–1.653, n<sub>γ</sub>=1.639–1.675 |
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| opticalprop = Biaxial (+) |
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| birefringence = 0.0320 |
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| pleochroism = |
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| dispersion = Weak, r > v |
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| 2V = Calculated = 70–78°, measured = 68–81° |
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| streak = White |
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| gravity = 3.20 – 3.32 |
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| density = |
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| melt = |
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| fusibility = |
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| diagnostic = |
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| solubility = |
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| diaphaneity = Transparent |
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| other = |
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| references = <ref name=HBM>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/humite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Humite.shtml Webmineral data]</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-1947.html Mindat w/ locations]</ref> |
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}} |
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{{for|the eponymous group of minerals|Humite (mineral group)}} |
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'''Humite''' is a [[mineral]] found in the [[volcanic]]ally ejected masses of [[Vesuvius]]. It was first described in 1813 and named for [[Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Baronet|Abraham Hume]] (1749–1838).<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Deer | first1 = W. | last2 = Howie | first2 = R. | last3 = Zussman | first3 = J. | title = Rock-forming Minerals: Volume 1A, Second Edition, Orthosilicates | publisher = The Geological Society | date = 1997 | location = Bath, UK | isbn = 1-897799-88-8}}</ref> |
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It was first described in 1813 and named for [[Abraham Hume]] (1749-1838). |
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Humite is also used as the name of a group of closely related minerals -- humite, [[clinohumite]], [[chondrodite]], and [[norbergite]]. These minerals are similar in structure and in chemistry. Deer et al. (1997) note that a general formula for the humite-group minerals can be simply expressed as nM<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> . M(OH,F)<sub>2</sub> , where M is Mg, Fe, Ti etc. and n = 1 (norbergite), 2 (chondrodite), 3 (humite), and 4 (clinohumite). Deer et al. (1997) also note that although the formula above correctly describes the chemistries of these minerals, structural formulas are more complex. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|Earth sciences}} |
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* [[Alleghanyite]] |
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* [[Chondrodite]] |
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* [[Clinohumite]] |
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* [[Jerrygibbsite]] |
* [[Jerrygibbsite]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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*Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J., 1997, ''Rock-forming minerals: Volume 1A, Second Edition, Orthosilicates.'' The Geological Society, Bath, UK. ISBN 1-897799-8-8 |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category-inline}} |
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*[http://webmineral.com/data/Humite.shtml Webmineral] |
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*[http://www.mindat.org/min-1947.html Mindat w/ locations] |
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[[Category:Magnesium minerals]] |
[[Category:Magnesium minerals]] |
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[[Category:Iron minerals]] |
[[Category:Iron(II) minerals]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[Category:Nesosilicates]] |
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[[Category:Gemstones]] |
[[Category:Gemstones]] |
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[[Category:Humite group]] |
[[Category:Humite group]] |
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[[Category:Minerals in space group 62]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[fr:Humite]] |
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[[hr:Humit]] |
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[[it:Humite]] |
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[[lt:Humitas]] |
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[[hu:Humit]] |
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[[nl:Humiet]] |
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[[th:ฮิวไมต์]] |
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[[uk:Гуміт (вугілля)]] |
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[[zh:矽鎂石]] |
Latest revision as of 21:26, 18 January 2024
Humite | |
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Allgemein | |
Kategorie | Nesosilicates |
Formula (repeating unit) | (Mg,Fe)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2. |
IMA symbol | Hu[1] |
Strunz classification | 9.AF.50 |
Crystal system | Orthorhombic |
Crystal class | Dipyramidal (mmm) H–M Symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Space group | Pbnm |
Unit cell | a = 10.24, b = 20.72 c = 4.73 [Å]; Z = 4 |
Identification | |
Color | White, yellow, dark orange, brown |
Cleavage | Poor |
Fracture | Uneven to subconchoidal |
Tenacity | Brittle |
Mohs scale hardness | 6–6.5 |
Luster | Vitreous |
Streak | White |
Diaphaneity | Transparent |
Specific gravity | 3.20 – 3.32 |
Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
Refractive index | nα =1.607–1.643, nβ=1.619–1.653, nγ=1.639–1.675 |
Birefringence | 0.0320 |
2V angle | Calculated = 70–78°, measured = 68–81° |
Dispersion | Weak, r > v |
References | [2][3][4] |
Humite is a mineral found in the volcanically ejected masses of Vesuvius. It was first described in 1813 and named for Abraham Hume (1749–1838).[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ Webmineral data
- ^ Mindat w/ locations
- ^ Deer, W.; Howie, R.; Zussman, J. (1997). Rock-forming Minerals: Volume 1A, Second Edition, Orthosilicates. Bath, UK: The Geological Society. ISBN 1-897799-88-8.
External links
[edit]Media related to Humite at Wikimedia Commons