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{{Short description|Group of islands near Macquarie Island, Australia}}
{{for|the Welsh islets|Bishops and Clerks}}
{{for|the Welsh islets|Bishops and Clerks}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox islands
{{Infobox islands
| name = Bishop and Clerk Islets
| name = Bishop and Clerk Islets
| image name =
| image_name =
| image caption =
| image_caption =
| map = Oceania
| map = Oceania
| map_caption = Location in the Southwestern [[Pacific Ocean]]
| map_caption = Location in the Southwestern [[Pacific Ocean]]
Line 10: Line 13:
| coordinates = {{coord|55|07|S|158|41|E}}
| coordinates = {{coord|55|07|S|158|41|E}}
| archipelago =
| archipelago =
| total islands =
| total_islands =
| major islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 =
| area_km2 =
| area_ha = 60 <!-- | area = {{convert|20|ha|acre|abbr=on}} -->
| area_ha = 60 <!-- | area = {{convert|20|ha|acre|abbr=on}} -->
| length_km =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| width_km =
| highest mount =
| highest_mount =
| elevation_m = 45
| elevation_m = 45
| elevation footnotes = <ref name=ACAP>{{cite web|last1=Cooper|first1=John|title=ACAP Breeding Site No. 66. Bishop and Clerk Islets: Australia’s southernmost albatross colony|url=http://www.acap.aq/en/news/latest-news/1684-acap-breeding-site-no-66-bishop-and-clerk-islets-australia-s-southernmost-black-browed-albatross-colony|accessdate=5 December 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=ACAP>{{cite web|last1=Cooper|first1=John|title=ACAP Breeding Site No. 66. Bishop and Clerk Islets: Australia's southernmost albatross colony|url=http://www.acap.aq/en/news/latest-news/1684-acap-breeding-site-no-66-bishop-and-clerk-islets-australia-s-southernmost-black-browed-albatross-colony|access-date=5 December 2014}}</ref>
| population = ''uninhabited''
| population = ''uninhabited''
| population_as_of =
| population as of =
| density_km2 =
| density_km2 =
| ethnic groups =
| ethnic_groups =
| country = [[Australia]]
| country = [[Australia]]
| country admin divisions title = [[States and territories of Australia|State]]
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[States and territories of Australia|State]]
| country admin divisions = [[Tasmania]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Tasmania]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Local government in Australia|LGA]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Huon Valley Council]]
| timezone1 = [[Time in Australia|AEST]]
| utc_offset1 = +10:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Daylight saving time in Australia|AEDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +11:00
| module = {{designation list | embed=yes
| module = {{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1 = WHS
Line 31: Line 40:
| designation1_type = Natural
| designation1_type = Natural
| designation1_criteria = vii, viii
| designation1_criteria = vii, viii
| designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629 629]
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629 629]
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = Australia
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania|Asia-Pacific]]
| designation1_free2name = Region
| designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania|Asia-Pacific]]
}}
}}
}}
}}


The '''Bishop and Clerk Islets''' are a {{convert|60|ha|adj=on}} group of [[islet]]s, lying {{convert|33|km}} south of [[Macquarie Island]] in the southwestern [[Pacific Ocean]]. They are, with [[Macquarie Island]], part of the Australian state of [[Tasmania]].<ref name=Brothers>{{cite journal|last1=Brothers|first1=Nigel|last2=Ledingham|first2=Rod|title=The avifauna of Bishop and Clerk islets and its relationship to nearby Macquarie Island|journal=Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania|date=5 August 2008|volume=142|issue=1|pages=117–121|url=http://eprints.utas.edu.au/13318/1/2008_Brothers_avifauna.pdf|accessdate=5 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/macquarie/macqis.html |work=Parks and Wildlife Tasmania |title=Macquarie Island World Heritage Area |date= |accessdate= }}</ref> The group consists of Bishop Islet, 24 smaller islets, and various rocks and reefs. Bishop Islet has an area of {{convert|3|ha}} and is mostly rock with some shallow patches of soil. Its highest elevation is {{convert|45|m}}.<ref name=ACAP />
The '''Bishop and Clerk Islets''' are a {{convert|60|ha|adj=on}} group of [[islet]]s, lying {{convert|33|km}} south of [[Macquarie Island]] in the southwestern [[Pacific Ocean]]. They are, with [[Macquarie Island]], part of the Australian state of [[Tasmania]].<ref name=Brothers>{{cite journal|last1=Brothers|first1=Nigel|last2=Ledingham|first2=Rod|title=The avifauna of Bishop and Clerk islets and its relationship to nearby Macquarie Island|journal=Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania|date=5 August 2008|volume=142|issue=1|pages=117–121|doi=10.26749/rstpp.142.1.117 |url=http://eprints.utas.edu.au/13318/1/2008_Brothers_avifauna.pdf|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211090213/http://eprints.utas.edu.au/13318/1/2008_Brothers_avifauna.pdf|archive-date=11 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/macquarie/macqis.html |work=Parks and Wildlife Tasmania |title=Macquarie Island World Heritage Area |access-date=9 July 2016 |archive-date=21 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721050342/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/macquarie/macqis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The group consists of Bishop Islet, 24 smaller islets, and various rocks and reefs. Bishop Islet has an area of {{convert|3|ha}} and is mostly rock with some shallow patches of soil. Its highest elevation is {{convert|45|m}}.<ref name=ACAP />


The Bishop and Clerk Islets are part of the [[Australia]]n state of [[Tasmania]]. They are the [[Extreme points of Australia|southernmost terrestrial point]] of both Australia (excluding the [[Australian Antarctic Territory]]) and Tasmania. The islets are within the [[Protected areas of Tasmania|Macquarie Island Nature Reserve]], managed by the [[Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service]] and along with Macquarie Island and the [[Judge and Clerk Islets]],<ref>{{cite web|title=World Heritage Places - Macquarie Island - Outstanding Universal Value|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/macquarie-island/values|work=Department of the Environment|publisher=[[Australian Government]]|accessdate=5 December 2014}}</ref> were inscribed in 1997 on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage Area]],<ref name=WHL>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629 |title=Macquarie Island |work=[[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |date=1997 |accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref> and form a Special Management Area within the nature reserve.<ref name=ACAP /> They are very infrequently visited and are free of introduced animals and plants.<ref name=MIMP2006>{{cite web|author=Parks and Wildlife Service |year=2006 |title=Macquarie Island Nature Reserve and World Heritage Area Management Plan |work=Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Tourism, Arts and the Environment |publisher=[[Tasmanian Government]] |location=Hobart |isbn=978-0724-664-054 |url=http://www1.parks.tas.gov.au/publications/tech/macquarie/macquarie.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721112558/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/publications/tech/macquarie/macquarie.pdf |archivedate=2008-07-21 |df= }}</ref>
The Bishop and Clerk Islets are part of the [[Australia]]n state of [[Tasmania]]. They are the [[Extreme points of Australia|southernmost terrestrial point]] of both Australia (excluding the [[Australian Antarctic Territory]]) and Tasmania. The islets are within the [[Protected areas of Tasmania|Macquarie Island Nature Reserve]], managed by the [[Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service]] and along with Macquarie Island and the [[Judge and Clerk Islets]],<ref>{{cite web|title=World Heritage Places - Macquarie Island - Outstanding Universal Value|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/macquarie-island/values|work=Department of the Environment|publisher=[[Australian Government]]|access-date=5 December 2014}}</ref> were inscribed in 1997 on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage Area]],<ref name=WHL>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629 |title=Macquarie Island |work=[[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |date=1997 |access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> and form a Special Management Area within the nature reserve.<ref name=ACAP /> They are very infrequently visited and are free of introduced animals and plants.<ref name=MIMP2006>{{cite book|author=Parks and Wildlife Service |year=2006 |title=Macquarie Island Nature Reserve and World Heritage Area Management Plan |work=Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Tourism, Arts and the Environment |publisher=[[Tasmanian Government]] |location=Hobart |isbn=978-0724-664-054 |url=http://www1.parks.tas.gov.au/publications/tech/macquarie/macquarie.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721112558/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/publications/tech/macquarie/macquarie.pdf |archive-date=2008-07-21 }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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==Ecology==
==Ecology==
[[Macquarie shag]]s have been recorded nesting at the Bishop and Clerk Islets. A colony of [[black-browed albatross]]es was discovered in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alderman|first1=R|last2=Double|first2=M|last3=Valencia|first3=J|last4=Gales|first4=R|title=Genetic affinities of newly sampled populations of Wandering and Black-browed Albatross|journal=Emu|date=2005|volume=105|pages=169–179|doi=10.1071/MU04034}}</ref>
[[Macquarie shag]]s have been recorded nesting at the Bishop and Clerk Islets. A colony of [[black-browed albatross]]es was discovered in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alderman|first1=R|last2=Double|first2=M|last3=Valencia|first3=J|last4=Gales|first4=R|title=Genetic affinities of newly sampled populations of Wandering and Black-browed Albatross|journal=Emu|date=2005|volume=105|issue=2|pages=169–179|doi=10.1071/MU04034|bibcode=2005EmuAO.105..169A|s2cid=73712276}}</ref>


The only [[vascular plant]] recorded on Bishop Islet is ''[[Colobanthus muscoides]]'', while two varieties of [[lichen]]s have also been noted.
The only [[vascular plant]] recorded on Bishop Islet is ''[[Colobanthus muscoides]]'', while two varieties of [[lichen]]s have also been noted.


==See also==
==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Islands|Tasmania|Antarctica}}}}
{{stack|{{Portal|Islands|Australia|Geography}}}}
* [[Judge and Clerk Islets]]
* [[Judge and Clerk Islets]]
* [[List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands]]
* [[List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands]]
Line 67: Line 74:
[[Category:Islands of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Islands of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Australia|Macquarie Island]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Australia|Macquarie Island]]


{{Tasmania-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:22, 25 January 2024

For the Welsh islets, see Bishops and Clerks.

Bishop and Clerk Islets
Bishop and Clerk Islets is located in Oceania
Bishop and Clerk Islets
Bishop and Clerk Islets
Location in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean
Geography
StandortSouthwestern Pacific Ocean
Coordinates55°07′S 158°41′E / 55.117°S 158.683°E / -55.117; 158.683
Area60 ha (150 acres)
Highest elevation45 m (148 ft)[1]
Administration
StateTasmania
LGAHuon Valley Council
Demographics
Populationuninhabited
Zusätzliche Informationen
Time zone
 • Summer (DST)
TypNatural
Criteriavii, viii
Designated1997 (21st session)
Reference no.629
RegionAsia-Pacific

The Bishop and Clerk Islets are a 60-hectare (150-acre) group of islets, lying 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Macquarie Island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. They are, with Macquarie Island, part of the Australian state of Tasmania.[2][3] The group consists of Bishop Islet, 24 smaller islets, and various rocks and reefs. Bishop Islet has an area of 3 hectares (7.4 acres) and is mostly rock with some shallow patches of soil. Its highest elevation is 45 metres (148 ft).[1]

The Bishop and Clerk Islets are part of the Australian state of Tasmania. They are the southernmost terrestrial point of both Australia (excluding the Australian Antarctic Territory) and Tasmania. The islets are within the Macquarie Island Nature Reserve, managed by the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service and along with Macquarie Island and the Judge and Clerk Islets,[4] were inscribed in 1997 on the UNESCO World Heritage Area,[5] and form a Special Management Area within the nature reserve.[1] They are very infrequently visited and are free of introduced animals and plants.[6]

History

[edit]

Three known landings have been made on the islets, all by ship-assisted helicopter. The first, in 1965, was on a rock 50 metres (160 ft) from Bishop Isle. The following two, in 1976 and 1993, were on Bishop Islet itself.[1]

Ecology

[edit]

Macquarie shags have been recorded nesting at the Bishop and Clerk Islets. A colony of black-browed albatrosses was discovered in 1965.[7]

The only vascular plant recorded on Bishop Islet is Colobanthus muscoides, while two varieties of lichens have also been noted.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Cooper, John. "ACAP Breeding Site No. 66. Bishop and Clerk Islets: Australia's southernmost albatross colony". Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  2. ^ Brothers, Nigel; Ledingham, Rod (5 August 2008). "The avifauna of Bishop and Clerk islets and its relationship to nearby Macquarie Island" (PDF). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 142 (1): 117–121. doi:10.26749/rstpp.142.1.117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  3. ^ "Macquarie Island World Heritage Area". Parks and Wildlife Tasmania. Archived from the original on 21 July 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  4. ^ "World Heritage Places - Macquarie Island - Outstanding Universal Value". Department of the Environment. Australian Government. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  5. ^ "Macquarie Island". World Heritage List. UNESCO. 1997. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  6. ^ Parks and Wildlife Service (2006). Macquarie Island Nature Reserve and World Heritage Area Management Plan (PDF). Hobart: Tasmanian Government. ISBN 978-0724-664-054. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2008. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Alderman, R; Double, M; Valencia, J; Gales, R (2005). "Genetic affinities of newly sampled populations of Wandering and Black-browed Albatross". Emu. 105 (2): 169–179. Bibcode:2005EmuAO.105..169A. doi:10.1071/MU04034. S2CID 73712276.
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