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{{Short description|Theatre company}}
{{Short description|German municipal theatre company}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt
| name = Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt
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| caption = Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt in 2014
| caption = Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt in 2014
| formation =
| formation =
| location = [[Willy-Brandt-Platz]] in [[Frankfurt]], [[Hesse]], Germany
| location = [[Willy-Brandt-Platz]] in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
| leader_title =
| leader_title =
| leader_name = {{plainlist|
| leader_name = {{plainlist|
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* Anselm Weber
* Anselm Weber
}}
}}
| staff = 1033 (2021/2022)<ref name="Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main" />
| website = {{URL|http://www.buehnen-frankfurt.de/}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.buehnen-frankfurt.de/}}
| module = {{Infobox building
| module = {{Infobox building
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| coordinates = {{coord|50|06|29|N|8|40|27|E|region:DE-HE_type:landmark|display=it}}
| coordinates = {{coord|50|06|29|N|8|40|27|E|region:DE-HE_type:landmark|display=it}}
| seating_capacity = {{ubl|1,369 (Opernhaus)<ref name="Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main" />|689 (Schauspielhaus)<ref name="Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main">{{cite web | title=Das Haus | website=Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main | url=https://www.buehnen-frankfurt.de/das-haus/ | language=de | access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref>}}
| seating_capacity = {{ubl|1,369 (Opernhaus)<ref name="Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main" />|689 (Schauspielhaus)<ref name="Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main">{{cite web | title=Das Haus | website=Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main | url=https://www.buehnen-frankfurt.de/das-haus/ | language=de | access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref>}}
| public_transit = {{ubl|{{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U1|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U2|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U3|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U4|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U5|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U8|size=x12}} [[List of Frankfurt U-Bahn stations|Willy-Brandt-Platz]] | {{rint|Frankfurt|Tram|size=16}} 11 Willy-Brandt-Platz}}
| public_transit = {{ubl|{{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U1|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U2|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U3|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U4|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U5|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U8|size=x12}} [[List of Frankfurt U-Bahn stations|Willy-Brandt-Platz]] | {{rint|Frankfurt|Tram|size=16}} 11, 12, 14, 18 Willy-Brandt-Platz | {{rint|Frankfurt|Bus|size=16}} N11, N12, N4, N5, N8 Willy-Brandt-Platz}}
}}
}}


}}
}}
'''Städtischen Bühnen Frankfurt''' (literally: municipal stages of Frankfurt) is the municipal theatre company of [[Frankfurt]], the largest city of [[Hesse]] Germany. The name dates back to 1919. The company is structured today in two organisations, [[Oper Frankfurt]] for opera, and [[Schauspiel Frankfurt]] for drama (''Schauspiel'').
'''Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt''' (literally: municipal stages of Frankfurt) is the municipal theatre company of [[Frankfurt]], the largest city of [[Hesse]] Germany. The name dates back to 1919. The company is structured today in two organisations, [[Oper Frankfurt]] for opera, and [[Schauspiel Frankfurt]] for drama (''Schauspiel'').
<!--
<!--
Das [[Schauspiel Frankfurt]] bedient die [[Genre|Sparte]] des [[Schauspiel|Sprechtheaters]], das seit der Spielzeit 2017/18 unter der Leitung von [[Anselm Weber]] steht. Die [[Genre|Sparte]] [[Musiktheater]] wird durch die [[Oper Frankfurt]] bedient. Die Oper Frankfurt wurde 1995, 2003, 2015 und 2018 von der Zeitschrift ''[[Opernwelt]]'' als „Opernhaus des Jahres“ ausgezeichnet. [[Intendant]] der Oper Frankfurt ist seit 2002/2003 [[Bernd Loebe]], Generalmusikdirektor ist seit 2008 [[Sebastian Weigle (Dirigent)|Sebastian Weigle]].-->
Das [[Schauspiel Frankfurt]] bedient die [[Genre|Sparte]] des [[Schauspiel|Sprechtheaters]], das seit der Spielzeit 2017/18 unter der Leitung von [[Anselm Weber]] steht. Die [[Genre|Sparte]] [[Musiktheater]] wird durch die [[Oper Frankfurt]] bedient. Die Oper Frankfurt wurde 1995, 2003, 2015 und 2018 von der Zeitschrift ''[[Opernwelt]]'' als „Opernhaus des Jahres“ ausgezeichnet. [[Intendant]] der Oper Frankfurt ist seit 2002/2003 [[Bernd Loebe]], Generalmusikdirektor ist seit 2008 [[Sebastian Weigle (Dirigent)|Sebastian Weigle]].-->
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[[File:Schauspielhaus.jpg|thumb|Historic Schauspielhaus]]
[[File:Schauspielhaus.jpg|thumb|Historic Schauspielhaus]]
[[File:Willy-brandt-platz-ffm001.jpg|thumb|The building from above]]
[[File:Willy-brandt-platz-ffm001.jpg|thumb|The building from above]]
[[File:Frankfurt Städtische Bühnen.Foyer.20130922.jpg|thumb|upright|Foyer]]
[[File:Frankfurt Städtische Bühnen.Foyer.20130922.jpg|thumb|upright|Cloud foyer]]


Opened in 1782, the ''Comoedienhaus'' (comedy house) was the first permanent venue of theatre in Frankfurt, for both plays and opera.<ref name="Bartetzko" /> In 1880, an opera house (''Opernhaus'') was built. Both sections (''Sparten'') were organised as the ''Vereinigte Stadttheater'' (Common city theatres), headed by general manager (''Generalintendant'') {{interlanguage link|Emil Claar|de}}. In 1902, a Schauspielhaus was opened for plays, designed by [[Heinrich Seeling]] in [[Jugendstil]].<ref name="Alexander" />
Opened in 1782, the [[Comoedienhaus]] (comedy house), with a seating capacity of 1,016,<ref name="Frankfurt-Lese 2023 h448">{{cite web | title=Das Frankfurter Comoedienhaus | website=Frankfurt-Lese | date=12 January 2023 | url=https://www.frankfurt-lese.de/streifzuege/geschichtliches/das-frankfurter-comoedienhaus/ | language=de | access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref> was the first permanent venue of theatre in Frankfurt, for both plays and opera.<ref name="Bartetzko" /> In 1880, an opera house (Opernhaus) was built, with a seating capacity of 2,010.<ref name="Alte Oper Frankfurt 1944 a636">{{cite web | title=Alte Oper Frankfurt | website=Alte Oper Frankfurt | date=23 March 1944 | url=https://www.alteoper.de/en/the-alte-oper/our-venue/chronology-and-history.php | access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref> Both sections ({{lang|de|Sparten}}) were organised as the Vereinigte Stadttheater (Common city theatres), headed by general manager (''Generalintendant'') {{interlanguage link|Emil Claar|de}}. In 1902, a Schauspielhaus was opened for plays, designed by [[Heinrich Seeling]] in [[Jugendstil]].<ref name="Alexander" />


From 1919, the name was changed to Städtische Bühnen.<!--Nach der [[Machtergreifung|Machtübernahme]] der [[Nationalsozialismus|Nationalsozialisten]] [[1933]] wurden auch die Städtischen Bühnen [[Gleichschaltung|gleichgeschaltet]]. Zahlreiche jüdische Künstler wurden aus ihren Ämtern verjagt, darunter auch der Direktor des 1911 gegründeten [[Neues Theater (Frankfurt am Main)|Neuen Theaters]] in der [[Mainzer Landstraße]], [[Arthur Hellmer]]. Sein privates Theater wurde 1934 als „Kleines Haus“ den Städtischen Bühnen angegliedert. Die Bühnen erlebten in dieser Zeit einen künstlerischen Niedergang und einen deutlichen Rückgang der Besucherzahlen. --> Bombing in World War II destroyed the Opernhaus and damaged the Schauspielhaus badly. After the war, performances were held at the hall of the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] instead. Based on the ruins of the Schauspielhaus, a new facility was created to provide both plays and operas, and realized in stages completed in 1963.<ref name="Alexander" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Schulze |first=Rainer |date=12 September 2016 |title=Warum Oper und Theater in der Innenstadt bleiben müssen |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buehne-und-konzert/was-wird-aus-frankfurts-oper-und-schauspiel-14430645.html |work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |location=Frankfurt |language=de |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> The ruin of the Schauspielhaus was restored from 1950 to 1951, as Großes Haus der Städtischen Bühnen. In 1954, planning began for a larger and more modern house, again as a modification of the existing location. Beginning in 1959, per the designs of architectural firm Apel & Beckert, the facade was completely replaced, with some elements of the old house partly retained inside.<ref name="Alexander" />
From 1919, the name was changed to Städtische Bühnen.<!--Nach der [[Machtergreifung|Machtübernahme]] der [[Nationalsozialismus|Nationalsozialisten]] [[1933]] wurden auch die Städtischen Bühnen [[Gleichschaltung|gleichgeschaltet]]. Zahlreiche jüdische Künstler wurden aus ihren Ämtern verjagt, darunter auch der Direktor des 1911 gegründeten [[Neues Theater (Frankfurt am Main)|Neuen Theaters]] in der [[Mainzer Landstraße]], [[Arthur Hellmer]]. Sein privates Theater wurde 1934 als „Kleines Haus“ den Städtischen Bühnen angegliedert. Die Bühnen erlebten in dieser Zeit einen künstlerischen Niedergang und einen deutlichen Rückgang der Besucherzahlen. --> Bombing in World War II destroyed the Opernhaus and damaged the Schauspielhaus badly. After the war, performances were held at the hall of the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] instead. Based on the ruins of the Schauspielhaus, a new facility was created to provide both plays and operas, and realized in stages completed in 1963.<ref name="Alexander" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Schulze |first=Rainer |date=12 September 2016 |title=Warum Oper und Theater in der Innenstadt bleiben müssen |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buehne-und-konzert/was-wird-aus-frankfurts-oper-und-schauspiel-14430645.html |work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |location=Frankfurt |language=de |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> The ruin of the Schauspielhaus was restored from 1950 to 1951, as Großes Haus der Städtischen Bühnen. In 1954, planning began for a larger and more modern house, again as a modification of the existing location. Beginning in 1959, per the designs of architectural firm Apel & Beckert,<ref name="BAUWELT 2022 g108">{{cite web | title=Hannsgeorg Beckert. Das Verhältnis des Architekten zu Kunst und Künstlern | website=BAUWELT | date=7 November 2022 | url=https://www.bauwelt.de/rubriken/betrifft/Hannsgeorg-Beckert.-Das-Verhaeltnis-des-Architekten-zu-Kunst-und-Kuenstlern-3870856.html | language=de | access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> the facade was completely replaced, with some elements of the old house partly retained inside.<ref name="Alexander" /><ref name="klaus roth d292">{{cite web | title=oper frankfurt | website=klaus roth | url=http://www.klaus-roth.de/projekt/oper-frankfurt/ | language=de | access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref>


The new house was decorated by a large painting commissioned from [[Marc Chagall]] in 1959, ''Commedia dell’Arte''.<ref name="Crüwell" /> The ceiling of the foyer which is common for play and opera is decorated with a sculpture by [[Zoltán Kemény]], ''Goldwolken'' (''Golden Clouds'').<ref name="Hierholzer" /> The house was opened in December 1963.<ref name="Hierholzer" />
The new house was decorated by a large painting commissioned from [[Marc Chagall]] in 1959, ''Commedia dell’Arte''.<ref name="Crüwell" /><ref name="Klein Gerlinger m503">{{cite web | last=Klein | first=Michael | last2=Gerlinger | first2=Lutz | title=Commedia dell' Arte | website=kunst-im-oeffentlichen-raum-frankfurt.de | url=https://www.kunst-im-oeffentlichen-raum-frankfurt.de/de/page29.html?id=357 | language=de | access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref> The ceiling of the foyer which is common for play and opera is decorated with a sculpture by [[Zoltán Kemény]], ''Goldwolken'' (golden clouds).<ref name="Hierholzer" /><ref name="Oswalt 2022 p. ">{{cite book | last=Oswalt | first=Philipp | title=Zoltán Kemény | publisher=Deutscher Kunstverlag | publication-place=Berlin | date=15 May 2022 | isbn=978-3-422-98825-5 | language=de | page=}}</ref> The house was opened in December 1963.<ref name="Hierholzer" />


On 12 November 1987, fire damaged the large hall.<ref name="Göpfert" /> During restoration, opera was played in the small hall, while plays were performed at the [[Bockenheimer Depot]]. The large hall was back in service in 1991.<ref name="Göpfert" />
On 12 November 1987, fire damaged the large hall.<ref name="Göpfert" /> During restoration, opera was played in the small hall, while plays were performed at the [[Bockenheimer Depot]]. The large hall was back in service in 1991.<ref name="Göpfert" /> The opera contains the largest revolving stage in Europe.<ref name="Leclerc 2019 d923">{{cite web | last=Leclerc | first=Florian | title=Anlagen wie aus dem Technikmuseum | website=[[Frankfurter Rundschau]] | date=8 January 2019 | url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/anlagen-technikmuseum-11059965.html | language=de | access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref>

⚫
The {{ill|Theater am Turm|de}} was part of the Städtische Bühnen from 1995 until it was closed in 2004. [[Ballett Frankfurt]] was closed, also in 2004. Its director from 1984, [[William Forsythe (choreographer)|William Forsythe]], continued his program with [[The Forsythe Company]] from April 2005 to 2015.<ref name="Crompton" />

In 2020, the glass facade and the golden clouds in the theater foyer were listed as historical monuments.<ref name="DenkXweb i554">{{cite web | title=Foyerbau der Städtischen Bühnen Frankfurt | website=DenkXweb | url=https://denkxweb.denkmalpflege-hessen.de/955014/ | access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Frankfurt, Germany hessenschau.de 2023 s267">{{cite web | title=Frankfurt: Neubau von Oper und Schauspiel wird 350 Millionen Euro teurer | website=hessenschau.de | date=23 February 2023 | url=https://www.hessenschau.de/kultur/frankfurt-neubau-von-oper-und-schauspiel-wird-350-millionen-euro-teurer-v1,staedtische-buehnen-pruefung-100.html | language=de | access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref>

{{Asof|2023}}, new buildings for the Städtische Bühnen are planned.<ref name="FAZ c737">{{cite news | last=Murr | first=Günter | title=Neue Argumente gegen Abriss der Städtischen Bühnen | website=[[FAZ.NET]] | date=27 September 2023 | url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/frankfurt/neue-argumente-gegen-abriss-der-staedtischen-buehnen-19204598.html | language=de | access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref><ref name="German-Architects b890">{{cite web | title=Wolken unter Denkmalschutz? | website=German-Architects | url=https://www.german-architects.com/de/architecture-news/hauptbeitrag/wolken-unter-denkmalschutz | language=de | access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Preferred variant is the {{lang|de|Kulturmeile}} (culture mile), where opera and theatre will have separate buildings.<ref name="nmz 2023 h602">{{cite web |first=Sandra |last=Trauner| title=Frankfurt will "Kulturmeile" für Oper und Theater | website=[[neue musikzeitung]] | date=15 December 2023 | url=https://www.nmz.de/politik-betrieb/kulturpolitik/frankfurt-will-kulturmeile-fuer-oper-und-theater | language=de | access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref>


=== Organisation ===
=== Organisation ===
Städtische Bühnen was an organisation with one general manager (''Generalintendant'') until 1972. The artistic sections were then split to [[Oper Frankfurt]] and [[Schauspiel Frankfurt]], served by a common technical stage service.<ref name="Fischer-Lichte" /> Schauspiel Frankfurt was headed in 1972 by [[Peter Palitzsch]] who introduced ''Mitbestimmung'' ([[Co-determination|copartnership]]),<ref name="Fischer-Lichte" /> supported by city councillor [[Hilmar Hoffmann]],<ref name="Brauneck" /> which became the ''Frankfurter Modell'', a model for other theatres such as [[Theater Bremen]].<ref name="Spiegel" />
Städtische Bühnen was an organisation with one general manager (''Generalintendant'') until 1972. The artistic sections were then split to [[Oper Frankfurt]] and [[Schauspiel Frankfurt]], served by a common technical stage service.<ref name="Fischer-Lichte" /> Schauspiel Frankfurt was headed in 1972 by [[Peter Palitzsch]] who introduced ''Mitbestimmung'' ([[Co-determination|copartnership]]),<ref name="Fischer-Lichte" /> supported by city councillor [[Hilmar Hoffmann]],<ref name="Brauneck" /> which became the ''Frankfurter Modell'', a model for other theatres such as [[Theater Bremen]].<ref name="Spiegel" />


In 2004, the organisation was changed to a [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] of the city of Frankfurt, with the artistic directors as chief executive officers, as of 2019 [[Bernd Loebe]] and {{ill|Anselm Weber (stage director)|lt=Anselm Weber|de|Anselm Weber}}.<ref name="BF" />
In 2004, the organisation was changed to an independent [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] of the city of Frankfurt, with the artistic directors as chief executive officers, as of 2019 [[Bernd Loebe]] and {{ill|Anselm Weber (stage director)|lt=Anselm Weber|de|Anselm Weber}}.<ref name="BF" />

⚫
The {{ill|Theater am Turm|de}} was part of the Städtische Bühnen from 1995 until it was closed in 2004. [[Ballett Frankfurt]] was closed, also in 2004. Its director from 1984, [[William Forsythe (choreographer)|William Forsythe]], continued his program with ''[[The Forsythe Company]]'' from April 2005 to 2015.<ref name="Crompton" />
<!--
== Ehrenmitglieder ==
Die folgenden Personen sind Ehrenmitglieder der Städtischen Bühnen Frankfurt:<ref>[http://www.buehnen-frankfurt.de/das-haus/ehrenmitglieder-der-staedtischen-buehnen/ ''Ehrenmitglieder der Städtischen Bühnen'' auf ''buehnen-frankfurt.de''], abgerufen am 28. Oktober 2015.</ref>


==Map==
* Arthur Bauer, Schauspieler (1895–1927)
{{Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt Map|float=left}}
* Harry Buckwitz, Generalintendant (1951–68)
{{clear}}
* Hans Peter Doll, Intendant (1990–1993)
* Christoph von Dohnanyi, Generalmusikdirektor (1968–1977)
* Mathilde Einzig, Schauspielerin (1902 –1933)
* Wilfried Elste, Schauspieler (1972–2004)
* Peter Eschberg, Schauspielintendant (1991–2001)
* William Forsythe, Choreograph und Ballettintendant (1984–2004)
* Josef (Jupp) Gareis, Sänger (1905–1935)
* Michael Gielen (Ehrendirigent), Operndirektor und Generalmusikdirektor (1977–1987)
* John Gläser, Opernsänger (1917–1940)
* Kammersänger Heinz Hagenau (1963–1994)
* Anny Hannewald, Schauspielerin (1935–67)
* Alfred Hauck, Opern- und Operettensänger (1886–1916)
* Helga Heil, Tänzerin, Choreographin, Ballettmeisterin (1950–1994)
* Arthur Hellmer, Schauspieler (1905 1910), dann Leiter (und Eigentümer) des Neuen Theaters (1911–1934)
* Toni Impekoven, Schauspieler, Autor (1914–1944) und Intendant des Schauspiels (1945–47)
* Cläre Kaiser, Schauspielerin (1934–1979)
* Heinrich Koch, Schauspieldirektor (1957–1968)
* Karl Kremer, Chefkorrepetitor und Leiter Bühnenmusik (1908–1947)
* Karl Luley, Schauspieler (1919–1966)
* Anita Mey, Schauspielerin (1936–1972)
* Bernhard Minetti, Schauspieler (1951–1956)
* Peter Palitzsch, Schauspielintendant (1972–1980)
* Mathieu Pfeil, Schauspieler (1907–1934)
* Hans Pfitzner, Komponist
* Günther Rühle, Schauspielintendant (1985–1990)
* Alexander Sander, Verwaltungsdirektor (1945–1951)
* Robert von Scheidt, Opernsänger (1912–39)
* Kammersängerin Anny Schlemm, Opernsängerin (1952–1994)
* Hermann Schramm, Sänger (1899–1933)
* Georg Solti, Generalmusikdirektor (1952–61)
* Hans Wilhelm Steinberg, Generalmusikdirektor (1929–1933)
* Jean Stern, Opernsänger (1923–53)
* Maximillian Freiherr von Vequel–Westernach, Technischer Direktor (1951–54 und 1963–1989)
* Max Walther, Bühnenbildner (1880–1926)
* Richard Weichert, Regisseur und Schauspielintendant (1919–1929 und 1947–1952)
* Hans-Dieter Zeidler, Schauspieler (1957–67)-->


== References ==
== References ==
Line 121: Line 88:
| first = Manfred
| first = Manfred
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HhfRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA329
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HhfRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA329
| title = Politik und Theater in Frankfurt, Stuttgart und Bochum
| title = Die Welt als Bühne: Geschichte des europäischen Theaters.
| work = Die Welt als Bühne: Geschichte des europäischen Theaters.
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| volume = 5
| volume = 5
Line 158: Line 124:
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Aki1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT258
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Aki1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT258
| title = Tragedy's Endurance: Performances of Greek Tragedies and Cultural Identity in Germany since 1800
| title = Tragedy's Endurance: Performances of Greek Tragedies and Cultural Identity in Germany since 1800
| work = Die Welt als Bühne: Geschichte des europäischen Theaters.
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| year = 2017
| year = 2017
Line 214: Line 179:
* [http://www.oper-frankfurt.de/ Oper Frankfurt]
* [http://www.oper-frankfurt.de/ Oper Frankfurt]
* [http://www.schauspielfrankfurt.de/ Schauspiel Frankfurt]
* [http://www.schauspielfrankfurt.de/ Schauspiel Frankfurt]
* [https://neue-buehnen-frankfurt.de/ Neue Bühnen Frankfurt]


{{Theatre companies in Germany}}
{{Theatre companies in Germany}}

Latest revision as of 10:30, 25 January 2024

Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt
Standort
Leader
Staff
1033 (2021/2022)[1]
Websitewww.buehnen-frankfurt.de
Building details
Map
General information
Coordinates50°06′29″N 8°40′27″E / 50.10806°N 8.67417°E / 50.10806; 8.67417
Other information
Seating capacity
  • 1,369 (Opernhaus)[1]
  • 689 (Schauspielhaus)[1]
Public transit access
  • U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U8 Willy-Brandt-Platz
  • 11, 12, 14, 18 Willy-Brandt-Platz
  • N11, N12, N4, N5, N8 Willy-Brandt-Platz

Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt (literally: municipal stages of Frankfurt) is the municipal theatre company of Frankfurt, the largest city of Hesse Germany. The name dates back to 1919. The company is structured today in two organisations, Oper Frankfurt for opera, and Schauspiel Frankfurt for drama (Schauspiel).

The largest venue for both organisations is their common home, the Opern- und Schauspielhaus at the Willy-Brandt-Platz in the centre of Frankfurt. It was opened in 1963 at the location of the former Schauspielhaus. The Bockenheimer Depot is an external stage for both organisations.

History

[edit]
Historic Schauspielhaus
The building from above
Cloud foyer

Opened in 1782, the Comoedienhaus (comedy house), with a seating capacity of 1,016,[2] was the first permanent venue of theatre in Frankfurt, for both plays and opera.[3] In 1880, an opera house (Opernhaus) was built, with a seating capacity of 2,010.[4] Both sections (Sparten) were organised as the Vereinigte Stadttheater (Common city theatres), headed by general manager (Generalintendant) Emil Claar [de]. In 1902, a Schauspielhaus was opened for plays, designed by Heinrich Seeling in Jugendstil.[5]

From 1919, the name was changed to Städtische Bühnen. Bombing in World War II destroyed the Opernhaus and damaged the Schauspielhaus badly. After the war, performances were held at the hall of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange instead. Based on the ruins of the Schauspielhaus, a new facility was created to provide both plays and operas, and realized in stages completed in 1963.[5][6] The ruin of the Schauspielhaus was restored from 1950 to 1951, as Großes Haus der Städtischen Bühnen. In 1954, planning began for a larger and more modern house, again as a modification of the existing location. Beginning in 1959, per the designs of architectural firm Apel & Beckert,[7] the facade was completely replaced, with some elements of the old house partly retained inside.[5][8]

The new house was decorated by a large painting commissioned from Marc Chagall in 1959, Commedia dell’Arte.[9][10] The ceiling of the foyer which is common for play and opera is decorated with a sculpture by Zoltán Kemény, Goldwolken (golden clouds).[11][12] The house was opened in December 1963.[11]

On 12 November 1987, fire damaged the large hall.[13] During restoration, opera was played in the small hall, while plays were performed at the Bockenheimer Depot. The large hall was back in service in 1991.[13] The opera contains the largest revolving stage in Europe.[14]

The Theater am Turm [de] was part of the Städtische Bühnen from 1995 until it was closed in 2004. Ballett Frankfurt was closed, also in 2004. Its director from 1984, William Forsythe, continued his program with The Forsythe Company from April 2005 to 2015.[15]

In 2020, the glass facade and the golden clouds in the theater foyer were listed as historical monuments.[16][17]

As of 2023, new buildings for the Städtische Bühnen are planned.[18][19] Preferred variant is the Kulturmeile (culture mile), where opera and theatre will have separate buildings.[20]

Organisation

[edit]

Städtische Bühnen was an organisation with one general manager (Generalintendant) until 1972. The artistic sections were then split to Oper Frankfurt and Schauspiel Frankfurt, served by a common technical stage service.[21] Schauspiel Frankfurt was headed in 1972 by Peter Palitzsch who introduced Mitbestimmung (copartnership),[21] supported by city councillor Hilmar Hoffmann,[22] which became the Frankfurter Modell, a model for other theatres such as Theater Bremen.[23]

In 2004, the organisation was changed to an independent GmbH of the city of Frankfurt, with the artistic directors as chief executive officers, as of 2019 Bernd Loebe and Anselm Weber [de].[24]

Map

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Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt
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Double System Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt
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Theatre
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Oper
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Cloud Foyer
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Chagallsaal
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Holzfoyer
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Kammerspiel
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Revolving Stage

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Das Haus". Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main (in German). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Das Frankfurter Comoedienhaus". Frankfurt-Lese (in German). 12 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  3. ^ Bartetzko, Dieter (2013). "Man will doch nur spielen. Die unendliche Baugeschichte der Städtischen Bühnen Frankfurt". Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt (in German). Frankfurt. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  4. ^ "Alte Oper Frankfurt". Alte Oper Frankfurt. 23 March 1944. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  5. ^ a b c Alexander, Matthias (21 September 2016). "Das wandelbarste Gebäude der Stadt". FAZ (in German). Frankfurt. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  6. ^ Schulze, Rainer (12 September 2016). "Warum Oper und Theater in der Innenstadt bleiben müssen". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Frankfurt. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Hannsgeorg Beckert. Das Verhältnis des Architekten zu Kunst und Künstlern". BAUWELT (in German). 7 November 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  8. ^ "oper frankfurt". klaus roth (in German). Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  9. ^ Crüwell, Konstanze (25 September 2008). "Heiterer Farbkosmos für Theaterflaneure". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Frankfurt. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  10. ^ Klein, Michael; Gerlinger, Lutz. "Commedia dell' Arte". kunst-im-oeffentlichen-raum-frankfurt.de (in German). Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  11. ^ a b Hierholzer, Michael (11 September 2013). "Unter Goldwolken". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Frankfurt. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  12. ^ Oswalt, Philipp (15 May 2022). Zoltán Kemény (in German). Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. ISBN 978-3-422-98825-5.
  13. ^ a b Göpfert, Claus-Jürgen (5 April 2016). "Wiederaufbau der Oper nach Großfeuer". Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). Frankfurt. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  14. ^ Leclerc, Florian (8 January 2019). "Anlagen wie aus dem Technikmuseum". Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  15. ^ Crompton, Sarah (7 March 2015). "Elevated visions: how William Forsythe changed the face of dance". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  16. ^ "Foyerbau der Städtischen Bühnen Frankfurt". DenkXweb. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Frankfurt: Neubau von Oper und Schauspiel wird 350 Millionen Euro teurer". hessenschau.de (in German). 23 February 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  18. ^ Murr, Günter (27 September 2023). "Neue Argumente gegen Abriss der Städtischen Bühnen". FAZ.NET (in German). Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Wolken unter Denkmalschutz?". German-Architects (in German). Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  20. ^ Trauner, Sandra (15 December 2023). "Frankfurt will "Kulturmeile" für Oper und Theater". neue musikzeitung (in German). Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  21. ^ a b Fischer-Lichte, Erika (2017). Tragedy's Endurance: Performances of Greek Tragedies and Cultural Identity in Germany since 1800. Oxford University Press. pp. 258–259. ISBN 978-0-19-250650-4.
  22. ^ Brauneck, Manfred (2016). Die Welt als Bühne: Geschichte des europäischen Theaters (in German). Vol. 5. Springer-Verlag. pp. 329–330. ISBN 978-3-47-600029-3.
  23. ^ "Theater / Kraft nach innen". Der Spiegel (in German). 21 July 1980. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  24. ^ "Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt". Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt (in German). Retrieved 9 August 2019.
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