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{{Short description|Disease outbreaks in New York City, United States}}
{{Infobox event
{{Infobox event
| title = 2015 Bronx Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
| title = 2015 Bronx Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
| image = Lincoln Hospital 149 Park rain jeh.jpg
| image = Lincoln Hospital 149 Park rain jeh.jpg
| image_size = 287px
| image_size = 287px
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| caption = [[Lincoln Hospital (Bronx, New York)|Lincoln Hospital]] in [[the Bronx]], one of five buildings where the second outbreak was spread
| caption = [[Lincoln Hospital (Bronx)|Lincoln Hospital]] in [[the Bronx]], one of five buildings where the second outbreak was spread
| time =
| time =
| duration = 2 months (first outbreak)<br /> 1.5 months<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams |first=Jaime |url=http://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2015/35/35-legionnaires-2015-08-28-bx.html |title=The fat lady sings • Bronx Times |publisher=Bxtimes.com |date=2015-08-28 |accessdate=2015-11-02}}</ref> (second outbreak)
| duration = 2 months (first outbreak)<br /> 1.5 months<ref>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Jaime |url=http://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2015/35/35-legionnaires-2015-08-28-bx.html |title=The fat lady sings • Bronx Times |publisher=Bxtimes.com |date=2015-08-28 |access-date=2015-11-02 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203209/http://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2015/35/35-legionnaires-2015-08-28-bx.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (second outbreak)
| date = {{start date|2014|12}} (first outbreak)<br />{{start date|2015|07}} (second outbreak)
| date = {{start date|2014|12}} (first outbreak)<br />{{start date|2015|07}} (second outbreak)
| venue =
| venue =
| location = [[The Bronx]], [[New York City]]:
| location = [[The Bronx]], [[New York City]]:
* '''first outbreak:''' [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]] [[cooling tower]]s
* '''first outbreak:''' [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]] [[cooling tower]]s
* '''second outbreak:''' five buildings including [[Lincoln Hospital (Bronx, New York)|Lincoln Hospital]] and [[Concourse Plaza Hotel|Concourse Plaza Cooling Towers]]
* '''second outbreak:''' five buildings including [[Lincoln Hospital (Bronx)|Lincoln Hospital]] and [[Concourse Plaza Hotel|Concourse Plaza Cooling Towers]]
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} -->
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} -->
| also known as =
| also known as =
| type =
| type =
| cause = under investigation
| cause = under investigation
| first reporter =
| first reporter =
| participants =
| participants =
| outcome = Affected buildings were ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of misdemeanor charges
| outcome = Affected buildings were ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of misdemeanor charges
| casualties1 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| casualties3 =
| reported deaths = 10
| reported deaths = 10
| reported injuries = Over 100
| reported injuries = Over 100
| reported missing =
| reported missing =
| reported property damage =
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquiries =
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| inquest =
| coroner =
| coroner =
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| notes =
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}}
}}


In 2015, there were two outbreaks of [[Legionnaires' disease]] in [[the Bronx]], [[New York City]], United States. Between January and August 2015, one hundred and thirty people in New York City were infected with Legionnaires', but the majority of them were in the Bronx.<ref name="nyt 20150805">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/05/nyregion/new-york-officials-move-to-regulate-towers-tied-to-legionnaires-disease-outbreak.html?_r=0 | title=A Belated Look at New York’s Cooling Towers, Prime Suspect in Legionnaires’ Outbreak | publisher=The New York Times | date=4 August 2015 | accessdate=5 August 2015}}</ref>
In 2015, there were two outbreaks of [[Legionnaires' disease]] in [[the Bronx]], [[New York City]], United States. Between January and August 2015, one hundred and thirty people in New York City were infected with Legionnaires', but the majority of them were in the Bronx.<ref name="nyt 20150805">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/05/nyregion/new-york-officials-move-to-regulate-towers-tied-to-legionnaires-disease-outbreak.html | title=A Belated Look at New York's Cooling Towers, Prime Suspect in Legionnaires' Outbreak | work=The New York Times | date=4 August 2015 | access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref>


[[Legionnaires Disease]] is an acute type of [[pneumonia]] that is caused by the [[inhalation]] of [[water vapor]] containing the [[Legionella|Legionella bacteria]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Euser|title=Legionnaires' disease after using an industrial pressure test pump: a case report|url=http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/8/1/31|website=Journal of Medical Case Reports|publisher=BioMed Central Ltd.|accessdate=22 October 2015|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Forty-two [[Legionella species]] have been classified to date, and these bacteria can grow in areas where there is warm water, such as [[cooling towers]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yu|title=Distribution of Legionella Species and Serogroups Isolated by Culture in Patients with Sporadic Community-Acquired Legionellosis: An International Collaborative Survey|journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases|date=2002|volume=186|pages=127–8|url=http://www.clearwater-tec.com/legionella/de/BLegionella%20types%20and%20sub-groups.pdf|accessdate=26 October 2015|display-authors=etal|doi= 10.1086/341087|pmid=12089674}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Legionnaires' Disease|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/diseases/cdlegi.shtml|website=The New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene|publisher=The City of New York|accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref>
[[Legionnaires Disease]] is an acute type of [[pneumonia]] that is caused by the [[inhalation]] of [[Aerosolization|aerosolized]] water containing the [[Legionella|Legionella bacteria]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-8-31 |pmid=24467827 |pmc=3917411 |title=Legionnaires' disease after using an industrial pressure test pump: A case report |journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports |volume=8 |pages=31 |year=2014 |last1=Euser |first1=Sjoerd M |last2=Boogmans |first2=Bas |last3=Brandsema |first3=Petra |last4=Wouters |first4=Mieke |last5=Den Boer |first5=Jeroen W |doi-access=free }}</ref> Forty-two [[Legionella species]] have been classified to date, and these bacteria can grow in areas where there is warm water, such as [[cooling towers]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/341087 |pmid=12089674 |title=Distribution of ''Legionella'' ''Species'' and Serogroups Isolated by Culture in Patients with Sporadic Community‐Acquired Legionellosis: An International Collaborative Survey |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=186 |issue=1 |pages=127–8 |year=2002 |last1=Yu |first1=Victor L. |last2=Plouffe |first2=Joseph F. |last3=Pastoris |first3=Maddalena Castellani |last4=Stout |first4=Janet E. |last5=Schousboe |first5=Mona |last6=Widmer |first6=Andreas |last7=Summersgill |first7=James |last8=File |first8=Thomas |last9=Heath |first9=Christopher M. |last10=Paterson |first10=David L. |last11=Chereshsky |first11=Annette |doi-access= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Legionnaires' Disease |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/diseases/cdlegi.shtml |website=The New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |publisher=The City of New York |access-date=22 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007070021/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/diseases/cdlegi.shtml |archive-date=7 October 2015 }}</ref>


[[File:Legionella pneumophila (SEM).jpg|thumbnail|Legionella pneumophila bacteria]]
[[File:Legionella pneumophila (SEM).jpg|thumbnail|Legionella pneumophila bacteria]]


==January 2015==
==January 2015==
In January 2015, Legionnaires' disease sickened 8 people near [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]]'s cooling towers, also in the Bronx. In total, 12 people were diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease between December 2014 and the end of the [[outbreak]] in January 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/co-op-city-towers-contaminated-legionnaires-disease-article-1.2076175/ | title=Co-op City towers contaminated with Legionnaire's Disease bacteria | publisher=New York Daily News | date=13 January 2015 | accessdate=5 August 2015 | author=Ben Kochman}}</ref>
In January 2015, Legionnaires' disease sickened 8 people near [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]]'s cooling towers in the northeast Bronx. Twelve people were diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease between December 2014 and the end of the [[outbreak]] in January 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/co-op-city-towers-contaminated-legionnaires-disease-article-1.2076175/ | title=Co-op City towers contaminated with Legionnaire's Disease bacteria | work=New York Daily News | date=13 January 2015 | access-date=5 August 2015 | author=Ben Kochman}}</ref>


==August 2015==
==August 2015==
{{ods|date=August 2015}}
{{ods|date=August 2015}}
In an unrelated July and August 2015 outbreak, the disease affected at least 120 people and caused at least twelve deaths in the [[South Bronx]] area.<ref name="hp 20150806">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/legionnaires-disease-continues-to-spread-in-south-bronx_55c3cba7e4b0d9b743db8ad1 | title=Legionnaires' Disease Continues To Spread In South Bronx | agency=Associated Press | work=[[Huffington Post]] | date=6 August 2015 | accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref> The cause of the outbreak was traced back to the [[Opera House Hotel]] on July 10, 2015 and was declared as over as of August 20. Following the Morrisania outbreak, [[Government of New York City|city officials]] stated that they would be pursuing new regulations for cooling towers.<ref name="nyt 20150805"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150730/civic-center/legionnaires-disease-bacteria-found-ac-of-bronx-hospital-mayor-says/|title=Legionnaires' Disease Bacteria Found in A/C on Bronx Hospital, Mayor says|work=DNAinfo New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/01/health/new-york-legionnaires-disease/|title=There have been 65 cases since mid-July - CNN.com|author=David Shortell, CNN|date=2 August 2015|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2015/08/8573205/city-confirms-71-cases-legionnaires-disease|title=City confirms 71 cases of Legionnaire's Disease|work=capitalnewyork.com}}</ref> Affected buildings were also ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of [[misdemeanor]] charges.<ref name="hp 20150806"/>
In an unrelated July and August 2015 outbreak, the disease affected at least 120 people and caused at least twelve deaths in the [[South Bronx]] area.<ref name="hp 20150806">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/legionnaires-disease-continues-to-spread-in-south-bronx_55c3cba7e4b0d9b743db8ad1 | title=Legionnaires' Disease Continues To Spread In South Bronx | agency=Associated Press | work=[[Huffington Post]] | date=6 August 2015 | access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The cause of the outbreak was traced back to the [[Opera House Hotel]] on July 10, 2015, and was declared as over as of August 20. Following the Morrisania outbreak, [[Government of New York City|city officials]] stated that they would be pursuing new regulations for cooling towers.<ref name="nyt 20150805"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150730/civic-center/legionnaires-disease-bacteria-found-ac-of-bronx-hospital-mayor-says/|title=Legionnaires' Disease Bacteria Found in A/C on Bronx Hospital, Mayor says|work=DNAinfo New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801133024/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150730/civic-center/legionnaires-disease-bacteria-found-ac-of-bronx-hospital-mayor-says|archive-date=2015-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/01/health/new-york-legionnaires-disease/|title=There have been 65 cases since mid-July - CNN.com|author=David Shortell|date=2 August 2015|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2015/08/8573205/city-confirms-71-cases-legionnaires-disease|title=City confirms 71 cases of Legionnaire's Disease|work=capitalnewyork.com}}</ref> Affected buildings were also ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of [[misdemeanor]] charges.<ref name="hp 20150806"/>


==September 2015==
==September 2015==
On September 21, 2015, 13 more cases of Legionnaires Disease were identified and were said to be unrelated to the [[List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks|outbreaks]] from previous months. 35 cooling towers were inspected and 15 of these tested [[Legionella pneumophila|positive for the Legionella bacteria]]. After the cases surfaced, city officials put [[legislative]] programs into affect that require building owners to perform quarterly inspections and to verify that the [[cooling towers]] have been tested and are free of the Legionnella bacteria.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mueller|first1=Benjamin|title=One Dead in New Bronx Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/01/nyregion/one-dead-in-new-bronx-outbreak-of-legionnaires-disease.html|accessdate=26 October 2015|agency=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times|date=1 October 2015}}</ref>
On September 21, 2015, 13 more cases of Legionnaires Disease were identified and were said to be unrelated to the [[List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks|outbreaks]] from previous months. 35 cooling towers were inspected and 15 of these tested [[Legionella pneumophila|positive for the Legionella bacteria]]. After the cases surfaced, city officials put [[legislative]] programs into effect that require building owners to perform quarterly inspections and to verify that the [[cooling towers]] have been tested and are free of the Legionnella bacteria.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mueller|first1=Benjamin|title=One Dead in New Bronx Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/01/nyregion/one-dead-in-new-bronx-outbreak-of-legionnaires-disease.html|access-date=26 October 2015|agency=The New York Times|work=The New York Times|date=1 October 2015}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Legionellosis]]
[[Category:Legionellosis]]
[[Category:2015 sports in New York]]
[[Category:2010s in the Bronx]]
⚫
[[Category:History of the Bronx]]
[[Category:2015 in New York City]]
[[Category:2015 in New York City]]
⚫
[[Category:Co-op City, Bronx]]
[[Category:Morrisania, Bronx]]
[[Category:2015 disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:2015 disease outbreaks]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Disasters in New York City]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)]]

Latest revision as of 07:44, 3 February 2024

2015 Bronx Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
Lincoln Hospital in the Bronx, one of five buildings where the second outbreak was spread
DateDecember 2014 (2014-12) (first outbreak)
July 2015 (2015-07) (second outbreak)
Duration2 months (first outbreak)
1.5 months[1] (second outbreak)
StandortThe Bronx, New York City:
Causeunder investigation
OutcomeAffected buildings were ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of misdemeanor charges
Deaths10
Non-fatal injuriesOver 100

In 2015, there were two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in the Bronx, New York City, United States. Between January and August 2015, one hundred and thirty people in New York City were infected with Legionnaires', but the majority of them were in the Bronx.[2]

Legionnaires Disease is an acute type of pneumonia that is caused by the inhalation of aerosolized water containing the Legionella bacteria.[3] Forty-two Legionella species have been classified to date, and these bacteria can grow in areas where there is warm water, such as cooling towers.[4][5]

Legionella pneumophila bacteria

January 2015

[edit]

In January 2015, Legionnaires' disease sickened 8 people near Co-op City's cooling towers in the northeast Bronx. Twelve people were diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease between December 2014 and the end of the outbreak in January 2015.[6]

August 2015

[edit]

In an unrelated July and August 2015 outbreak, the disease affected at least 120 people and caused at least twelve deaths in the South Bronx area.[7] The cause of the outbreak was traced back to the Opera House Hotel on July 10, 2015, and was declared as over as of August 20. Following the Morrisania outbreak, city officials stated that they would be pursuing new regulations for cooling towers.[2][8][9][10] Affected buildings were also ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of misdemeanor charges.[7]

September 2015

[edit]

On September 21, 2015, 13 more cases of Legionnaires Disease were identified and were said to be unrelated to the outbreaks from previous months. 35 cooling towers were inspected and 15 of these tested positive for the Legionella bacteria. After the cases surfaced, city officials put legislative programs into effect that require building owners to perform quarterly inspections and to verify that the cooling towers have been tested and are free of the Legionnella bacteria.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Williams, Jaime (2015-08-28). "The fat lady sings • Bronx Times". Bxtimes.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
  2. ^ a b "A Belated Look at New York's Cooling Towers, Prime Suspect in Legionnaires' Outbreak". The New York Times. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  3. ^ Euser, Sjoerd M; Boogmans, Bas; Brandsema, Petra; Wouters, Mieke; Den Boer, Jeroen W (2014). "Legionnaires' disease after using an industrial pressure test pump: A case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 8: 31. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-31. PMC 3917411. PMID 24467827.
  4. ^ Yu, Victor L.; Plouffe, Joseph F.; Pastoris, Maddalena Castellani; Stout, Janet E.; Schousboe, Mona; Widmer, Andreas; Summersgill, James; File, Thomas; Heath, Christopher M.; Paterson, David L.; Chereshsky, Annette (2002). "Distribution of Legionella Species and Serogroups Isolated by Culture in Patients with Sporadic Community‐Acquired Legionellosis: An International Collaborative Survey". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 186 (1): 127–8. doi:10.1086/341087. PMID 12089674.
  5. ^ "Legionnaires' Disease". The New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The City of New York. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  6. ^ Ben Kochman (13 January 2015). "Co-op City towers contaminated with Legionnaire's Disease bacteria". New York Daily News. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Legionnaires' Disease Continues To Spread In South Bronx". Huffington Post. Associated Press. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  8. ^ "Legionnaires' Disease Bacteria Found in A/C on Bronx Hospital, Mayor says". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on 2015-08-01.
  9. ^ David Shortell (2 August 2015). "There have been 65 cases since mid-July - CNN.com". CNN.
  10. ^ "City confirms 71 cases of Legionnaire's Disease". capitalnewyork.com.
  11. ^ Mueller, Benjamin (1 October 2015). "One Dead in New Bronx Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
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