Jump to content

British Hong Kong Garrison: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Structure in 1989: filled in 1 bare ref
 
(48 intermediate revisions by 29 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{For|the present-day PLA garrison|People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison}}
The '''Hong Kong Garrison''' was a [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] force that protected [[Hong Kong]].
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}


In December 1941 during the [[Battle of Hong Kong]] in the [[Second World War]], the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese Army]] attacked Hong Kong and after a brief but violent series of engagements the garrison surrendered.
The '''Hong Kong Garrison''' was a British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] force that protected [[Hong Kong]]. In December 1941 during the [[Battle of Hong Kong]] in the [[Second World War]], the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese Army]] attacked Hong Kong and after a brief but violent series of engagements the garrison surrendered. The garrison continued until 1989.


== Command ==
== 1941 Garrison ==
This is the garrison of Hong Kong that surrendered in December 1941.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://niehorster.org/017_britain/41-12-08/hong-kong.html | title=China Command, Far East Command, 8.12.1941 }}</ref>
*Commander Hong Kong Garrison - Maj.Gen. [[Christopher Michael Maltby|C.M. Maltby]]


== Garrison ==
===Command===
*Commander Hong Kong Garrison - Maj.Gen. [[Christopher Maltby]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2020/12/MALTBY-Major-General-Christopher-Michael-V1_2.pdf|title=Major General C. M. Maltby
This is the garrison of Hong Kong that surrendered in December 1941.
|website=britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref>


=== Kowloon Brigade ===
=== Kowloon Brigade ===
**C.O. - Brig.C.Wallis
**C.O. - Brig. [[Cedric Wallis]]
*2nd Bn, [[Royal Scots]] - Lt.Col.S.E.H.White
*2nd Bn, [[Royal Scots]] - Lt.Col. Simon E.H.E. White
*5/7th Bn, [[Rajput Rifles]] - Lt.Col.J.C.Cadosan-Rawlinson
*5/7th Bn, [[7th Rajput Regiment|Rajput Regiment]] - Lt.Col. J.C. Cadogan-Rawlinson
*2/14th Bn, [[http://www.wikieducator.org/Second_Life|Punjab Regiment]] - Lt.Col.G.R.Kidd
*2/14th Bn, [[14th Punjab Regiment|Punjab Regiment]] - Lt.Col. Gerald Ralph Kidd


=== Hong Kong Brigade ===
=== Hong Kong Brigade ===
**C.O. - Brig.J.K.Lawson
**C.O. - Brig. [[John K. Lawson]]
*1st Bn, [[The Middlesex Regiment]] (MG Battalion) - Lt.Col.H.W.Stewart
*1st Bn, [[The Middlesex Regiment]] (MG Battalion) - Lt.Col. Henry William Stewart
*[[Winnipeg Grenadiers]] - Lt.Col.J.L.R.Sutcliff
*[[Winnipeg Grenadiers]] - Lt.Col. John Louis R. Sutcliff
*[[Royal Rifles of Canada]] - Lt.Col.W.J.Horne
*[[Royal Rifles of Canada]] - Lt.Col. William James Horne

Several members of the 1st Bn were linked to the [[Hong Kong Chinese Regiment]].


=== Fortress units ===
=== Fortress units ===
*H.Q. Fortress, [[Royal Engineers]] - Lt.Col.R.G.Lamb
*H.Q. Fortress, [[Royal Engineers]] - Lt.Col. R.G.Lamb
*Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps - Col.H.Rose
*Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps - Col. H.Rose
*C.O. [[Royal Artillery]] - Col.E.H.M.Clifford
*C.O. [[Royal Artillery]] - Col. E.H.M.Clifford
**8th Coast Regiment, Royal Artillery - Lt.Col. Selby Shaw
**12th Coast Regiment, Royal Artillery - Lt.Col. Richard J.L.Penfold
**5th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery - Lt.Col. Frederick Denton Field
**1st (Hong Kong) Regt. Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery - Lt.Col.John Corbet Yale


===Aftermath===
== External links ==
Following the Fall of Hong Kong to Japanese forces, most British personnel were captured, others died in the battle. For those able to escape (or later released) from Hong Kong, some managed to re-group in [[China]]. The [[Hong Kong Chinese Regiment]] and the [[British Army Aid Group]] kept the remaining elements of the Garrison alive and help it re-establish the British military after the Liberation of Hong Kong.
*[http://orbat.com/site/ww2/drleo/017_britain/41-12-08/hong-kong.html Hong Kong Order of Battle 1941]

==Structure in 1989==
The British forces stationed in [[Hong Kong]] were called the "Hong Kong Garrison", which had the following structure:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fireandfury.com/orbats/modcwbritish.pdf |title=British Orders of Battle & TO&Es 1980-1989 v4.5|author=R Mark Davies
|website=ireandfury.com|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref>{{sfnp|Wong|Cheng|1990|pp=194-196}}

*[[British Army]] units
**[[Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment]] (Berkshire and Wiltshire) – Light role infantry unit.
**[[6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles]] – Light role [[Gurkha]] infantry unit.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.6thgurkhas.org/the-regiment/history-1967-1977/ | title=History of the Regiment 1967 – 1977 }}</ref>
**[[Royal Hong Kong Regiment|Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers)]] – light role army reserve unit.
**660 Squadron, [[Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)|Army Air Corps]].
**50th Command Workshop, [[Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]].
**Hong Kong Provost Company & Hong Kong Dog Company, [[Royal Military Police]].
**415th Maritime Troop, [[Royal Corps of Transport]].
**Defence Animal Support Unit, [[Royal Army Veterinary Corps]]
*48th (Gurkha) Infantry Brigade
**[[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)]]
**[[7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles]]
**247th Gurkha Signal Squadron, [[Royal Signals]].
**67th Gurkha Field Squadron, [[36 Engineer Regiment (United Kingdom)|The Queens Gurkha Engineers]].
**68th Gurkha Field Squadron, [[36 Engineer Regiment (United Kingdom)|The Queens Gurkha Engineers]].
**70th Support Squadron, The Queens Gurkha Engineers.
**28th Gurkha Transport Squadron, [[Royal Corps of Transport]].
**29th Transport Squadron, [[Royal Corps of Transport]].
**31st Gurkha Transport Squadron, [[Royal Corps of Transport]].
*[[Royal Navy]] Forces / [[Royal Marines]]
**[[Peacock-class corvette]]
***[[BRP Emilio Jacinto (PS-35)|HMS ''Peacock'']]
***[[BRP Apolinario Mabini (PS-36)|HMS ''Plover'']]
***[[BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37)|HMS ''Starling'']]
***[[LÉ Ciara (P42)|HMS ''Swallow'']]
***[[LÉ Orla (P41)|HMS ''Swift'']]
**[[Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve]]
**One troop of the [[40 Commando]], [[Royal Marines]].
*[[Royal Air Force]] Units
**[[No. 28 Squadron RAF]], [[Royal Air Force]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Wong |first1=Richard Y.C.|last2=Cheng|first2=Joseph Y.S.|title=The Other Hong Kong Report |date=1990 |publisher=The Chinese University Press |location=Hong Kong |isbn= 978-9622014947}}


[[Category:Military units and formations of the British Army in World War II]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the British Army in World War II]]
[[Category:Military of Hong Kong under British rule]]
[[Category:Military of Hong Kong under British rule]]
[[Category:Military history of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Armed Forces deployments]]
[[Category:British Armed Forces deployments]]



{{UK-mil-unit-stub}}
{{UK-mil-unit-stub}}
{{HongKong-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:49, 7 February 2024

For the present-day PLA garrison, see People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison.

The Hong Kong Garrison was a British and Commonwealth force that protected Hong Kong. In December 1941 during the Battle of Hong Kong in the Second World War, the Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong and after a brief but violent series of engagements the garrison surrendered. The garrison continued until 1989.

1941 Garrison

[edit]

This is the garrison of Hong Kong that surrendered in December 1941.[1]

Command

[edit]

Kowloon Brigade

[edit]

Hong Kong Brigade

[edit]

Several members of the 1st Bn were linked to the Hong Kong Chinese Regiment.

Fortress units

[edit]
  • H.Q. Fortress, Royal Engineers - Lt.Col. R.G.Lamb
  • Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps - Col. H.Rose
  • C.O. Royal Artillery - Col. E.H.M.Clifford
    • 8th Coast Regiment, Royal Artillery - Lt.Col. Selby Shaw
    • 12th Coast Regiment, Royal Artillery - Lt.Col. Richard J.L.Penfold
    • 5th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery - Lt.Col. Frederick Denton Field
    • 1st (Hong Kong) Regt. Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery - Lt.Col.John Corbet Yale

Aftermath

[edit]

Following the Fall of Hong Kong to Japanese forces, most British personnel were captured, others died in the battle. For those able to escape (or later released) from Hong Kong, some managed to re-group in China. The Hong Kong Chinese Regiment and the British Army Aid Group kept the remaining elements of the Garrison alive and help it re-establish the British military after the Liberation of Hong Kong.

Structure in 1989

[edit]

The British forces stationed in Hong Kong were called the "Hong Kong Garrison", which had the following structure:[3][4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "China Command, Far East Command, 8.12.1941".
  2. ^ "Major General C. M. Maltby" (PDF). britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  3. ^ R Mark Davies. "British Orders of Battle & TO&Es 1980-1989 v4.5" (PDF). ireandfury.com. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  4. ^ Wong & Cheng (1990), pp. 194–196.
  5. ^ "History of the Regiment 1967 – 1977".

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Wong, Richard Y.C.; Cheng, Joseph Y.S. (1990). The Other Hong Kong Report. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. ISBN 978-9622014947.


Flag of the British Army

This article about a specific British military unit is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This Hong Kong history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Hong_Kong_Garrison&oldid=1204639340"