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{{more footnotes|date=December 2012}}
{{more footnotes|date=December 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
|unit_name= 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
| image=456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron-F-106s-flightline.jpg
|image=456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron-F-106s-flightline.jpg
| image_size = 290
|image_size=300
|caption=Three F-106s Castle AFB, about 1966 with the squadron emblem on their tails
|caption=Three F-106s Castle AFB, about 1966 with the squadron emblem on their tails
|dates= 1944–1946; 1954-1955; 1955-1968
|dates= 1944–1946; 1954–1955; 1955–1968
|country= [[United States]]
|country={{USA}}
|branch={{air force|USA}}
|allegiance=
|type=
|branch=[[United States Air Force]]
|type= Air Defense
|role=[[Air Defense]]
|role=
|size=
|size=
|command_structure=
|command_structure=
|current_commander=
|current_commander=
|garrison=
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors=
|march=
|march=
|mascot=
|mascot=
|battles=[[Pacific Ocean Theater]]<ref name=Maurer456FS>Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 562</ref>
|battles=
|notable_commanders=
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=[[Air Force Outstanding Unit Award]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://access.afpc.af.mil/AwardsDMZNet40/SearchAwards.aspx |title=Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards|publisher=Air Force Personnel Center|access-date=November 3, 2020}} (search)</ref>
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours=
<!-- Insignia -->
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[File:456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron - Emblem.png|175px]]
|identification_symbol=[[File:456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron - Emblem.png|175px]]
|identification_symbol_label=Patch with 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron emblem
|identification_symbol_label=Patch with 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron emblem <small>approved 21 March 1945)</small><ref name=Maurer456FS/>
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
}}
}}


The '''456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron''' is an inactive [[United States Air Force]] unit. Its last assignment was with the [[Air Defense Command]] [[San Francisco Air Defense Sector]] stationed at Oxnard AFB, [[California]]. It was inactivated on 18 July 1968.
The '''456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron''' is an inactive [[United States Air Force]] unit. Its last assignment was with the [[Air Defense Command]] [[San Francisco Air Defense Sector]] stationed at [[Oxnard Air Force Base]], California. It was inactivated on 18 July 1968.


==History==
==History==
===World War II===
===World War II===
It was established in late 1944 as a very long range [[P-47N Thunderbolt]] fighter squadron. It trained under [[III Fighter Command]]. The 456th was deployed to [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theater of Operations]] (PTO), and assigned to [[XXI Bomber Command]] as a long-range escort squadron for [[B-29 Superfortress]] bombers engaged in the strategic bombardment of Japan, based on [[Iwo Jima]]. After the Japanese capitulation, it was moved to [[Luzon]] where the squadron was demobilized; the P-47Ns were returned to storage depots in the United States. It was inactivated as a paper unit in 1946.
It was established in late 1944 as a very long range [[Republic P-47N Thunderbolt]] fighter squadron. It trained under [[III Fighter Command]]. The 456th was deployed to [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theater of Operations]], and assigned to [[XXI Bomber Command]] as a long-range escort squadron for [[B-29 Superfortress]] bombers engaged in the strategic bombardment of Japan, based on [[Iwo Jima]]. After the Japanese capitulation, it was moved to [[Luzon]] where the squadron was demobilized; the P-47Ns were returned to storage depots in the United States. It was inactivated as a paper unit in 1946.


===Cold War Air Defense===
===Cold War Air Defense===
[[File:456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron North American F-86L-45-NA Sabres.jpg|thumb|456th FIS North American F-86L Sabres at Castle AFB, California, February 1958]]
[[File:456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron North American F-86L-45-NA Sabres.jpg|thumb|456th FIS North American F-86L Sabres at Castle AFB, California, February 1958]]
⚫
It was reactivated in 1954 under [[Air Defense Command]] as an [[air defense]] interceptor squadron, and stationed at [[Truax Field Air National Guard Base|Truax Field]], Wisconsin for the air defense of [[Great Lakes region|the Great Lakes]]. It was equipped with [[North American F-86D Sabre]]s. In August 1955 the unit was inactivated, and was reactivated at [[Castle Air Force Base]], California in October 1955 with [[North American F-86D Sabre]]s. In 1957 it began re-equipping with the North American North American F-86L Sabre, an improved version of the F-86D which incorporated the [[Semi Automatic Ground Environment]], or SAGE computer-controlled direction system for intercepts. The service of the F-86L was brief, since by the time the last F-86L conversion was delivered, the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors.
⚫
[[File:F-106-59-148-82dfis-travis-1962.jpg|thumb|Convair F-106A Delta Dart 59-0148 of the 456th FIS at Tyndall AFB, Florida during the 1961 William Tell meet]]
⚫
It was reactivated in 1954 under [[Air Defense Command]] as an air defense interceptor squadron, and stationed at [[George AFB]], [[California]] for the air defense of [[Southern California]]. It was equipped with [[F-86D Sabre]]s. In August 1955 the unit was inactivated, and was reactivated again at [[Castle AFB]] in October 1955 with [[F-86D Sabre Interceptor]]s. In 1957 it began re-equipping with the North American [[F-86L Sabre]], an improved version of the F-86D which incorporated the [[Semi Automatic Ground Environment]], or SAGE computer-controlled direction system for intercepts. The service of the F-86L was brief, since by the time the last F-86L conversion was delivered, the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors.


⚫
[[File:F-106-59-148-82dfis-travis-1962.jpg|thumb|Squadron F-106A Delta Dart<ref group=note>Aircraft is Convair F-106A Delta Dart, serial 59-148. This photo was taken at [[Tyndall Air Force Base]], Florida during the 1961 William Tell meet.</ref>]]
The squadron upgraded in June 1958 into supersonic [[F-102A Delta Dagger]]s. In September 1959 it received [[F-106 Delta Dart]]s.
The squadron upgraded in June 1958 into supersonic [[Convair F-102A Delta Dagger]]s. In September 1959 it received [[Convair F-106 Delta Dart]]s.


On 22 October 1962, before President [[John F. Kennedy]] told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba, the squadron dispersed one third of its force, equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to [[Fresno Air Terminal]] at the start of the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]].<ref>McMullen, Richard F. (1964) “The Fighter Interceptor Force 1962-1964” ADC Historical Study No. 27, Air Defense Command, Ent Air Force Base, CO (Confidential, declassified 22 Mar 2000), pp. 10-12</ref><ref>''NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis'', Historical Reference Paper No. 8, Directorate of Command History Continental Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO , 1 Feb 63 (Top Secret NOFORN declassified 9 March 1996). P. 16</ref> These planes returned to Castle after the crisis.
On 22 October 1962, before President [[John F. Kennedy]] told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba, the squadron dispersed one third of its force, equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to [[Fresno Air Terminal]] at the start of the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]].<ref>McMullen, pp. 10–12</ref><ref>''NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis'', p. 16</ref> These planes returned to Castle after the crisis.


The squadron moved to Oxnard AFB on 18 July 1968 and was inactivated the same day, transferring its mission, personnel and equipment to the [[437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]].
The squadron moved to [[Oxnard Air Force Base]], California on 18 July 1968 and was inactivated the same day, transferring its mission, personnel and equipment to the [[437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]].


===Lineage===
==Lineage==
* Constituted '''456th Fighter Squadron''' on 5 October 1944
* Constituted as the '''456th Fighter Squadron''' on 5 October 1944
: Activated on 15 October 1944
: Activated on 15 October 1944
: Inactivated on 25 August 1946
: Inactivated on 25 August 1946
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: Activated on 8 August 1954
: Activated on 8 August 1954
: Inactivated on 18 August 1955
: Inactivated on 18 August 1955
* Activated on 18 October 1955<ref name=Maurer456FS2>Lineage, including assignments and stations through May 1963 in Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 562.</ref>
* Activated on 18 October 1955
: Inactivated on 18 July 1968
: Inactivated on 18 July 1968


Line 67: Line 63:
* [[520th Air Defense Group]], 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955
* [[520th Air Defense Group]], 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955
* [[28th Air Division]], 18 October 1955
* [[28th Air Division]], 18 October 1955
* [[San Francisco Air Defense Sector]], 1 July 1960 – 18 July 1968
* [[San Francisco Air Defense Sector]], 1 July 1960 – 18 July 1968<ref name=Maurer456FS2/>


===Stations===
===Stations===
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* [[Selfridge Field]], Michigan, 21 November 1944
* [[Selfridge Field]], Michigan, 21 November 1944
* [[Bluethenthal Field]], North Carolina, 19 March – 5 June 1945
* [[Bluethenthal Field]], North Carolina, 19 March – 5 June 1945
* [[North Field (Iwo Jima)|North Field]], [[Iwo Jima]], 7 July 1945
* [[North Field (Iwo Jima)|North Field]], Iwo Jima, 7 July 1945
* [[Clark Field]], [[Luzon]], Philippines, 23 December 1945
* [[Clark Field]], Luzon, Philippines, 23 December 1945
* [[Floridablanca Airfield]], Luzon, Philippines, unknown-25 August 1946
* [[Floridablanca Airfield]], Luzon, Philippines, unknown-25 August 1946
* Truax Field, Wisconsin, 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955<ref group=note>Maurer incorrectly lists the squadron's station as [[George Air Force Base]], California during this time. Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 562.</ref>
* [[George AFB]], California, 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955*
* [[Castle AFB]], California, 18 October 1955 – 18 July 1968
* Castle Air Force Base, California, 18 October 1955 – 18 July 1968<ref name=Maurer456FS2/>
* Oxnard AFB, California, 18 July 1968
* Oxnard Air Force Base, California, 18 July 1968


===Aircraft===
===Aircraft===
* [[P-47 Thunderbolt]], 1944–1946
* Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1944–1946<ref name=Maurer456FS/>
* [[F-86D Sabre Interceptor]], 1954–1955; 1955–1957
* North American F-86D Sabre, 1954–1955; 1955–1957
* [[F-86L Sabre Interceptor]] (SAGE) 1957-1958
* North American F-86L Sabre, 1957–1958
* [[F-102 Delta Dagger]] 1958–1959
* Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1958–1959
* [[F-106 Delta Dart]], 1959–1968
* Convair F-106 Delta Dart, 1959–1968


==References==
==References==

{{Portal|World War II}}

===Notes===
===Notes===
; Explanatory notes
⚫
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|group=note}}

; Citations
⚫
{{Reflist|40em}}


===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
* {{cite book|last=Cornett|first=Lloyd H.|author2=Johnson, Mildred W.|title=A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980|url= http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf |year=1980|publisher=Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center|location=Peterson AFB, CO|page= }}
* {{cite book|last=Cornett|first=Lloyd H.|author2=Johnson, Mildred W.|title=A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980|url=http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf|year=1980|publisher=Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center|location=Peterson AFB, CO|access-date=1 March 2014|archive-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213173347/http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II|origyear=1969|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |edition= reprint|year=1982|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-405-12194-6|oclc=72556|lccn=70605402|pages= }}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Air Force Combat Units of World War II|orig-year= 1961|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf|access-date= December 17, 2016|edition=reprint|year=1983|publisher= Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-02-1|lccn=61060979}}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II|orig-year=1969|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |edition= reprint|year=1982|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-405-12194-6|oclc=72556|lccn=70605402}}
⚫
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.northcom.mil/Portals/28/Paper%20No%2027%20The%20Fighter%20Interceptor%20Force,%201962-1964%20Full%20Release.pdf?ver=2017-03-16-115745-300|title=The Fighter Interceptor Force 1962 – 1964|last=McMullen|first=Richard F.|date=November 1964|publisher=Air Defense Command|year=|isbn=|series=ADC Historical Study No. 27|location=Ent Air Force Base, Colorado|pages=}} – Formerly Confidential, declassified 22 Mar 2000.
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.northcom.mil/Portals/28/Paper%20No%208%20NORAD-CONAD%20Participation%20in%20the%20Cuban%20Missile%20Crisis%20(1963)%20Full%20Release.pdf?ver=2017-03-16-115726-723|title=NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis|last=|first=|date=1 February 1963|publisher=Continental Air Defense Command, Directorate of Command History|year=|isbn=|series=Historical Reference Paper No. 8|location=Ent Air Force Base, Colorado|pages=}} – Formerly Top Secret [[NOFORN]], declassified 9 March 1996.
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.northcom.mil/Portals/28/Paper%20No%2027%20The%20Fighter%20Interceptor%20Force,%201962-1964%20Full%20Release.pdf?ver=2017-03-16-115745-300|title=The Fighter Interceptor Force 1962 – 1964|last=McMullen|first=Richard F.|date=November 1964|publisher=Air Defense Command|series=ADC Historical Study No. 27|location=Ent Air Force Base, Colorado}} – Formerly Confidential, declassified 22 March 2000.
⚫
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.northcom.mil/Portals/28/Paper%20No%208%20NORAD-CONAD%20Participation%20in%20the%20Cuban%20Missile%20Crisis%20(1963)%20Full%20Release.pdf?ver=2017-03-16-115726-723|title=NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis|date=1 February 1963|publisher=Continental Air Defense Command, Directorate of Command History|series=Historical Reference Paper No. 8|location=Ent Air Force Base, Colorado}} – Formerly Top Secret [[NOFORN]], declassified 9 March 1996.
* "ADCOM's Fighter Interceptor Squadrons". ''The Interceptor'' (January 1979) Aerospace Defense Command, (Volume 21, Number 1)
* {{cite journal |title=ADCOM's Fighter Interceptor Squadrons|journal=The Interceptor |date= January 1979|publisher=Aerospace Defense Command |volume= 21|issue= 1 |pages=5–11, 26–31, 40–45, 54–59}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.456FIS.org The 456th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at 456FIS.org]
* [http://www.456fis.org The 456th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at 456FIS.org]
{{Aerospace Defense Command|state=collapsed}}
{{Aerospace Defense Command|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force|456]]
[[Category:Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force]]
[[Category:Aerospace Defense Command units]]
[[Category:Aerospace Defense Command units]]

Latest revision as of 14:46, 9 February 2024

456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
Three F-106s Castle AFB, about 1966 with the squadron emblem on their tails
Active1944–1946; 1954–1955; 1955–1968
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
RoleAir Defense
EngagementsPacific Ocean Theater[1]
DecorationsAir Force Outstanding Unit Award[2]
Insignia
Patch with 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron emblem approved 21 March 1945)[1]

The 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the Air Defense Command San Francisco Air Defense Sector stationed at Oxnard Air Force Base, California. It was inactivated on 18 July 1968.

History

[edit]

World War II

[edit]

It was established in late 1944 as a very long range Republic P-47N Thunderbolt fighter squadron. It trained under III Fighter Command. The 456th was deployed to Pacific Theater of Operations, and assigned to XXI Bomber Command as a long-range escort squadron for B-29 Superfortress bombers engaged in the strategic bombardment of Japan, based on Iwo Jima. After the Japanese capitulation, it was moved to Luzon where the squadron was demobilized; the P-47Ns were returned to storage depots in the United States. It was inactivated as a paper unit in 1946.

Cold War Air Defense

[edit]
456th FIS North American F-86L Sabres at Castle AFB, California, February 1958

It was reactivated in 1954 under Air Defense Command as an air defense interceptor squadron, and stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin for the air defense of the Great Lakes. It was equipped with North American F-86D Sabres. In August 1955 the unit was inactivated, and was reactivated at Castle Air Force Base, California in October 1955 with North American F-86D Sabres. In 1957 it began re-equipping with the North American North American F-86L Sabre, an improved version of the F-86D which incorporated the Semi Automatic Ground Environment, or SAGE computer-controlled direction system for intercepts. The service of the F-86L was brief, since by the time the last F-86L conversion was delivered, the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors.

Squadron F-106A Delta Dart[note 1]

The squadron upgraded in June 1958 into supersonic Convair F-102A Delta Daggers. In September 1959 it received Convair F-106 Delta Darts.

On 22 October 1962, before President John F. Kennedy told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba, the squadron dispersed one third of its force, equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to Fresno Air Terminal at the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis.[3][4] These planes returned to Castle after the crisis.

The squadron moved to Oxnard Air Force Base, California on 18 July 1968 and was inactivated the same day, transferring its mission, personnel and equipment to the 437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.

Lineage

[edit]
  • Constituted as the 456th Fighter Squadron on 5 October 1944
Activated on 15 October 1944
Inactivated on 25 August 1946
  • Redesignated 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 23 March 1953
Activated on 8 August 1954
Inactivated on 18 August 1955
  • Activated on 18 October 1955[5]
Inactivated on 18 July 1968

Assignments

[edit]

Stations

[edit]

Aircraft

[edit]
  • Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1944–1946[1]
  • North American F-86D Sabre, 1954–1955; 1955–1957
  • North American F-86L Sabre, 1957–1958
  • Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1958–1959
  • Convair F-106 Delta Dart, 1959–1968

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
Explanatory notes
  1. ^ Aircraft is Convair F-106A Delta Dart, serial 59-148. This photo was taken at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida during the 1961 William Tell meet.
  2. ^ Maurer incorrectly lists the squadron's station as George Air Force Base, California during this time. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 562.
Citations
  1. ^ a b c Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 562
  2. ^ "Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards". Air Force Personnel Center. Retrieved 3 November 2020. (search)
  3. ^ McMullen, pp. 10–12
  4. ^ NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, p. 16
  5. ^ a b c Lineage, including assignments and stations through May 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 562.

Bibliography

[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

[edit]
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