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{{Short description|British Field Marshal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Field Marshal]] [[The Honourable]]
| honorific-prefix = [[Field Marshal]]
| name = Sir Henry Norman
| name = Sir Henry Norman
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=100|sep=,|GCMG|KCB|CIE}}
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=100|sep=,|GCMG|KCB|CIE}}
| image = Governor Henry Norman, 1894.png
| image = Governor Henry Norman, 1894.png
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| office = 7th [[Governor of Queensland]]

| office = 7th [[Governor of Queensland]]
| term_start = 1 May 1889
| term_start = 1 May 1889
| term_end = 31 December 1895
| term_end = 31 December 1895
| monarch = [[Queen Victoria]]
⚫
| premier = [[Boyd Dunlop Morehead]]<br>[[Samuel Griffith]]<br>[[Thomas McIlwraith]]<br>[[Hugh Nelson (Australian politician)|Hugh Nelson]]
| monarch = [[Queen Victoria]]
| predecessor = [[Anthony Musgrave]]
⚫
| premier = [[Boyd Dunlop Morehead]]<br>[[Samuel Griffith]]<br>[[Thomas McIlwraith]]<br>[[Hugh Nelson (Australian politician)|Hugh Nelson]]
| successor = [[Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington|Lord Lamington]]
| predecessor = [[Anthony Musgrave]]
| successor = [[Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington|Lord Lamington]]
| office1 = [[List of governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]]
| term_start1 = 27 October 1883

⚫
| term_end1 = April–May 1889
| office1 = [[List of governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]]
| term_start1 = 27 October 1883
| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria]]
⚫
| predecessor1 = [[Anthony Musgrave]]<br>[[Somerset M. Wiseman Clarke|Somerset Wiseman-Clarke]] (acting)<br>[[Dominic Jacotin Gamble]] (acting)
⚫
| term_end1 = April–May 1889
| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria]]
| successor1 = William Clive Justice (acting)<br>[[Henry Arthur Blake]]
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date|1826|12|2|df=y}}
⚫
| predecessor1 = [[Anthony Musgrave]]<br>[[Somerset M. Wiseman Clarke|Somerset Wiseman-Clarke]] (acting)<br>[[Dominic Jacotin Gamble]] (acting)
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1904|10|26|1826|12|2|df=y}}
| successor1 = William Clive Justice (acting)<br>[[Henry Arthur Blake]]
⚫
| restingplace = [[Brompton Cemetery]], [[London]]

⚫
| birth_place = [[London]], [[Middlesex]], England
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date|1826|12|2|df=y}}
⚫
| death_place = London, Middlesex, England
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1904|10|26|1826|12|2|df=y}}
⚫
| nickname =
⚫
| restingplace = [[Brompton Cemetery]], [[London]]
| allegiance = United Kingdom
⚫
| birth_place = [[London]], [[Middlesex]], England
| branch = [[British Indian Army]]
⚫
| death_place = London, Middlesex, England
| nickname =
| serviceyears = 1844–1904
| allegiance = {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
| rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| branch = {{army|British India}}
| unit =
| commands =
| serviceyears = 1844–1904
⚫
| battles = {{unbulleted list| [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] | [[Santhal rebellion]] | [[Indian Mutiny of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]}}
| rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
⚫
| mawards = {{unbulleted list| [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] | [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] | [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]]}}
⚫
| unit =
| commands =
| relations =
⚫
| battles = {{unbulleted list| [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] | [[Santhal rebellion]] | [[Indian Mutiny of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]}}
⚫
| mawards = {{unbulleted list| [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] | [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] | [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]]}}
| relations =
}}
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Henry Wylie Norman''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCMG|CIE}} (2 December 1826 – 26 October 1904) was a senior [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] officer and colonial administrator. He served in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]], the campaign against the [[Kohat Pass]] [[Afridi]]s, the suppression of the [[Santhal rebellion]], and the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]. He became military member of the Viceroy's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in 1870, in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny. As a result, he became a member of the [[Council of India]]; and in his later years he became [[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]] and then [[Governor of Queensland]].
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Henry Wylie Norman''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCMG|CIE}} (2 December 1826 – 26 October 1904) was a senior [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] officer and colonial administrator. He served in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]], the campaign against the [[Kohat Pass]] [[Afridi]]s, the suppression of the [[Santhal rebellion]], and the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]. He became military member of the Viceroy's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in 1870, in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny. As a result, he became a member of the [[Council of India]]; and in his later years he became [[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]] and then [[Governor of Queensland]].
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==Early life==
==Early life==
[[File:John Lawrence's Executive Council 1864.jpg|left|thumb|Henry Norman, standing second from left, with [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]], Viceroy of India and other council members. c. 1864]]
[[File:John Lawrence's Executive Council 1864.jpg|left|thumb|Henry Norman, standing second from left, with [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]], Viceroy of India and other council members. c. 1864]]
Born one of two sons (his brother was Francis Booth Norman) of James Norman, a merchant who had conducted most of his business in [[Cuba]] before moving to [[Calcutta]], and his wife Charlotte Norman (née Wylie), Norman joined the family firm in Calcutta in 1842 and then set about persuading his father to let him join the [[Bengal Army]].<ref name=heath230>Heathcote, p.230</ref>
Norman was the eldest son in the family of four sons and six daughters of the merchant James Norman and his wife Charlotte Wylie; [[Francis Booth Norman]] was the second son.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |last2=Burke |first2=Ashworth Peter |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry ... |date=1895 |publisher=Harrison |page=852 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va8KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA852 |language=en}}</ref> His father conducted most of his business in [[Cuba]], before moving to [[Calcutta]]. Norman joined the family firm in Calcutta in 1842, and then set about persuading his father to let him join the [[Bengal Army]].<ref name=heath230>Heathcote, p.230</ref>


==Military career==
==Military career==
Having obtained a cadetship in the [[Bengal Native Infantry]], Norman was then commissioned as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the 1st Bengal Native Infantry on 1 March 1844 and then transferred to the [[2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry|31st Bengal Native Infantry]] in March 1845.<ref name=heath230/> He was posted to [[Lahore]] in 1846 and, having been promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 25 December 1847, took part in the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath230/> Having attracted the favourable notice of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]], Norman was selected by Campbell to accompany an expedition against the [[Kohat Pass]] [[Afridi]]s in 1850 as officiating brigade-major.<ref name=heath230/>
Having obtained a cadetship in the [[Bengal Native Infantry]], Norman was then commissioned as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the 1st Bengal Native Infantry on 1 March 1844 and then transferred to the [[2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry|31st Bengal Native Infantry]] in March 1845.<ref name=heath230/> He was posted to [[Lahore]] in 1846 and, having been promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 25 December 1847, took part in the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath230/> Having attracted the favourable notice of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]], Norman was selected by Campbell to accompany an expedition against the [[Kohat Pass]] [[Afridi]]s in 1850 as officiating brigade-major.<ref name=heath230/>
The subaltern of twenty-four was given a substantive appointment in this capacity for a splendid deed of gallantry, which is recorded by [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles Napier]] in the following terms:
The subaltern of twenty-four was given a substantive appointment in this capacity for a splendid deed of gallantry, which is recorded by [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles Napier]] in the following terms:{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
⚫
{{quote|In the pass of Kohat a sepoy picket, descending a precipitous mountain under fire and the rolling of large stones, had some men killed and wounded. Four of the latter, dreadfully hurt, crept under some rocks for shelter. They were not missed until the picket reached the bottom, but were then discovered by our glasses, high up and helpless. Fortunately the enemy did not see them, and some sepoys volunteered a rescue, headed by Norman of the 31st Native Infantry and Ensign Murray of the 70th Native Infantry. These brave men would that the names of all were known to me for record ascended the rocks in defiance of the enemy, and brought the wounded men down.<ref>Napier, p. 225</ref>}}

⚫
"In the pass of Kohat a sepoy picket, descending a precipitous mountain under fire and the rolling of large stones, had some men killed and wounded. Four of the latter, dreadfully hurt, crept under some rocks for shelter. They were not missed until the picket reached the bottom, but were then discovered by our glasses, high up and helpless. Fortunately the enemy did not see them, and some sepoys volunteered a rescue, headed by Norman of the 31st Native Infantry and Ensign Murray of the 70th Native Infantry. These brave men would that the names of all were known to me for record ascended the rocks in defiance of the enemy, and brought the wounded men down."<ref>Napier, p. 225</ref>


Norman served in numerous frontier expeditions between 1850 and 1854 and in the suppression of the [[Santhal rebellion]] of 1855 to 1856 before becoming assistant adjutant general in India in May 1856.<ref name=heath230/> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] he was constantly engaged, being present at the [[Siege of Delhi]] in Summer 1857, the [[Siege of Lucknow]] in November 1857, the [[Second Battle of Cawnpore]] in December 1857 and the [[Capture of Lucknow]] in March 1858.<ref name=heath230/> He was appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] on 17 August 1859.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22299|page=3143|date=19 August 1859}}</ref>
Norman served in numerous frontier expeditions between 1850 and 1854 and in the suppression of the [[Santhal rebellion]] of 1855 to 1856{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} before becoming assistant adjutant general in India in May 1856.<ref name=heath230/> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] he was constantly engaged, being present at the [[Siege of Delhi]] in Summer 1857, the [[Siege of Lucknow]] in November 1857,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} the [[Second Battle of Cawnpore]] in December 1857 and the [[Capture of Lucknow]] in March 1858.<ref name=heath230/> He was appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] on 17 August 1859.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22299|page=3143|date=19 August 1859}}</ref>


[[File:Henry Wylie Norman, Vanity Fair, 1903-06-25.jpg|thumbnail|"Chelsea Hospital". Caricature by [[Leslie Ward|Spy]] published in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine 1868-1914)|Vanity Fair]] in 1903.]]
[[File:Henry Wylie Norman, Vanity Fair, 1903-06-25.jpg|thumbnail|"Chelsea Hospital". Caricature by [[Leslie Ward|Spy]] published in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine 1868-1914)|Vanity Fair]] in 1903.]]
Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 1 March 1859, Norman became assistant military secretary for Indian affairs at the Horse Guards in October 1860.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22446|page=4179|date=13 November 1860}}</ref> He was further promoted to brevet [[major]] on 3 December 1860<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22480|page=655|date=15 February 1861}}</ref> and to brevet [[lieutenant colonel]] on 4 December 1860.<ref name=heath231>Heathcote, p. 231</ref> He went back to India in 1861 as deputy adjutant general of the Bengal Army and then became military secretary to the government of [[India]] in January 1862.<ref name=heath231/> He was appointed an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria|the Queen]] in September 1863<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22769|page=4384|date=8 September 1863}}</ref> and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of major on 1 March 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22860|page=2872|date=3 June 1864}}</ref> to brevet [[colonel]] on 8 September 1868 and to brevet [[major-general]] on 23 March 1869,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23489|page=2296|date=16 April 1869}}</ref> he was given the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 1 March 1870.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23636|page=3480|date=22 July 1870}}</ref>
Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 1 March 1859, Norman became assistant military secretary for Indian affairs at the Horse Guards in October 1860.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22446|page=4179|date=13 November 1860}}</ref> He was further promoted to brevet [[Major (rank)|major]] on 3 December 1860<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22480|page=655|date=15 February 1861}}</ref> and to brevet [[lieutenant colonel]] on 4 December 1860.<ref name=heath231>Heathcote, p. 231</ref> He went back to India in 1861 as deputy adjutant general of the Bengal Army and then became military secretary to the government of [[India]] in January 1862.<ref name=heath231/> He was appointed an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria|the Queen]] in September 1863<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22769|page=4384|date=8 September 1863}}</ref> and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of major on 1 March 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22860|page=2872|date=3 June 1864}}</ref> to brevet [[colonel]] on 8 September 1868 and to brevet [[major-general]] on 23 March 1869,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23489|page=2296|date=16 April 1869}}</ref> he was given the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 1 March 1870.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23636|page=3480|date=22 July 1870}}</ref>


Norman went on to become military member of the Governor-General's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in May 1870,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23619|page=2743|date=27 May 1870}}</ref> in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny.<ref name=heath231/> He was advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] on 24 May 1873,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23979|page=2583|date=24 May 1873}}</ref> promoted to [[lieutenant general]] on 1 October 1877<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5458|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> and returned to London to become a member of the [[Council of India]] in February 1878.<ref name=heath231/> He was promoted to full [[general]] on 1 April 1882<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25104|page=2078|date=5 May 1882}}</ref> and retired from active military service.<ref name=heath231/>
Norman went on to become military member of the Governor-General's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in May 1870,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23619|page=2743|date=27 May 1870}}</ref> in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny.<ref name=heath231/> He was advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] on 24 May 1873,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23979|page=2583|date=24 May 1873}}</ref> promoted to [[lieutenant general]] on 1 October 1877<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5458|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> and returned to London to become a member of the [[Council of India]] in February 1878.<ref name=heath231/> He was promoted to full [[general]] on 1 April 1882<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25104|page=2078|date=5 May 1882}}</ref> and retired from active military service.<ref name=heath231/>


==Later life==
==Later life==
In October 1883 Norman became [[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25283|page=5146|date=30 October 1883}}</ref> and implemented the decision of the [[Colonial Office]] to introduce a new constitution intended to limit the ability of the local assembly, which was dominated by white plantation owners, to make all decisions.<ref name=heath232>Heathcote, p. 232</ref> Appointed a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] on 24 May 1887<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25703|page=2855|date=24 May 1887}}</ref> and advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] on 21 June 1887,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25773|page=212|date=5 January 1888}}</ref> he was transferred to the post of [[Governor of Queensland]] in 1889: although his mandate was to cut public expenditure, he managed to get on well with both the local politicians and the local people who were impressed by his administrative skills.<ref name=heath232/> Declining the post of [[Viceroy of India]] in September 1893, Norman left Queensland in November 1895 and returned to London.<ref name=heath232/> He was appointed a Commissioner to enquire into the conditions and prospects of the West India Sugar-growing Colonies in December 1896.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26807|supp=y|page=7669|date=29 December 1896}}</ref>
In October 1883, Norman became [[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25283|page=5146|date=30 October 1883}}</ref> and implemented the decision of the [[Colonial Office]] to introduce a new constitution intended to limit the ability of the local assembly, which was dominated by white plantation owners, to make all decisions.<ref name=heath232>Heathcote, p. 232</ref> Appointed a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] on 24 May 1887<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25703|page=2855|date=24 May 1887}}</ref> and advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] on 21 June 1887,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25773|page=212|date=5 January 1888}}</ref> he was transferred to the post of [[Governor of Queensland]] in 1889: although his mandate was to cut public expenditure, he managed to get on well with both the local politicians and the local people who were impressed by his administrative skills.<ref name=heath232/> Declining the post of [[Viceroy of India]] in September 1893, Norman left Queensland in November 1895 and returned to London.<ref name=heath232/> He was appointed a Commissioner to enquire into the conditions and prospects of the West India Sugar-growing Colonies in December 1896.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26807|supp=y|page=7669|date=29 December 1896}}</ref>


Norman became governor of the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]] in April 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27319|page=3697|date=31 May 1901}}</ref> and, having been promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 26 June 1902,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27448|supp=y|page=4190|date=24 June 1902}}</ref> became a Commissioner to inquire into the military preparations for the [[Second Boer War]] in September 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27474|page=5951|date=16 September 1902}}</ref> He died at the Royal Hospital Chelsea on 26 October 1904 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]].<ref name=heath232/>
Norman became governor of the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]] in April 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27319|page=3697|date=31 May 1901}}</ref> and, having been promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 26 June 1902,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27448|supp=y|page=4190|date=24 June 1902}}</ref> became a Commissioner to inquire into the military preparations for the [[Second Boer War]] in September 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27474|page=5951|date=16 September 1902}}</ref> He died at the Royal Hospital Chelsea on 26 October 1904 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]].<ref name=heath232/>
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==Family==
==Family==
On 14 April 1853, at [[Peshawar]] in India, Norman married Selina Eliza Davidson (d.1862) by whom he had three daughters.<ref name=adb>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|first=Paul D. |last=Wilson |title=Norman, Sir Henry Wylie (1826–1904)|id2=norman-sir-henry-wylie-7858|accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref> He married a widow, Jemima Anne Temple (née Knowles), in September 1864 but she died the year after.<ref name=adb/> Then on 1 March 1870 he married Alice Claudine Sandys, daughter of Teignmouth Sandys of the Bengal Civil Service. They had two sons & a daughter.<ref name=Mennell>{{cite Australasia|Norman, General Sir Henry Wylie}}</ref>
On 14 April 1853, at [[Peshawar]] in India, Norman married Selina Eliza Davidson (d.1862) by whom he had three daughters.<ref name=adb>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|first=Paul D. |last=Wilson |title=Norman, Sir Henry Wylie (1826–1904)|id2=norman-sir-henry-wylie-7858|accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref> He married a widow, Jemima Anne Temple (née Knowles), in September 1864 but she died the year after.<ref name=adb/> Then on 1 March 1870 he married Alice Claudine Sandys, daughter of Teignmouth Sandys of the Bengal Civil Service. They had two sons and a daughter.<ref name=Mennell>{{cite Australasia|Norman, General Sir Henry Wylie}}</ref>


'''Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Selina Eliza Davidson'''
'''Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Selina Eliza Davidson'''
# Mary Lucy Norman b. 25 Apr 1854<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGS2-2XQ|title=Mary Lucy Norman|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Mary Lucy Norman b. 25 Apr 1854<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGS2-2XQ|title=Mary Lucy Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Hellen Campbell Norman b. 27 Jan 1856<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQC-W96|title=Hellen Campbell Norman|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# [[Helen Campbell Norman]] b. 27 Jan 1856, leading military nurse<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQC-W96|title=Hellen Campbell Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Netley Military Cemetery – research about the people who are laid to rest there – Norman Helen Campbell |url=https://www.netley-military-cemetery.co.uk/staff-who-worked-and-helped-at-the-hospital-a-f/norman-helen-campbell/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.netley-military-cemetery.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>
# Annie Forde Norman b. 15 Sep 1857<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQC-6QP|title=Annie Forde Norman|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Annie Forde Norman b. 15 Sep 1857<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQC-6QP|title=Annie Forde Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
'''Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Alice Claudine Sandys'''
'''Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Alice Claudine Sandys'''
# Walter Henry Norman b. 14 Jun 1871<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQ5-2LC|title=Walter Henry Norman|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Walter Henry Norman b. 14 Jun 1871<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQ5-2LC|title=Walter Henry Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Claude Lumsden Norman b. 19 Feb 1876<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQ6-2L9|title=Claude Lumsden Norman|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Claude Lumsden Norman b. 19 Feb 1876<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQ6-2L9|title=Claude Lumsden Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Grace Alice Norman b. Grace Alice Norman<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQT-GMB|title=Grace Alice Norman|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Grace Alice Norman b.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQT-GMB|title=Grace Alice Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:British colonial governors and administrators in Oceania]]
[[Category:British colonial governors and administrators in Oceania]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of India]]

Latest revision as of 10:51, 10 February 2024

Field Marshal
Sir Henry Norman
GCMG, KCB, CIE
7th Governor of Queensland
In office
1 May 1889 – 31 December 1895
MonarchQueen Victoria
PremierBoyd Dunlop Morehead
Samuel Griffith
Thomas McIlwraith
Hugh Nelson
Preceded byAnthony Musgrave
Succeeded byLord Lamington
Governor of Jamaica
In office
27 October 1883 – April–May 1889
MonarchQueen Victoria
Preceded byAnthony Musgrave
Somerset Wiseman-Clarke (acting)
Dominic Jacotin Gamble (acting)
Succeeded byWilliam Clive Justice (acting)
Henry Arthur Blake
Personal details
Born(1826-12-02)2 December 1826
London, Middlesex, England
Died26 October 1904(1904-10-26) (aged 77)
London, Middlesex, England
Resting placeBrompton Cemetery, London
Military service
AllegianceVereinigtes Königreich
Branch/serviceBritish Indian Army
Years of service1844–1904
RankField Marshal
Battles/wars
Awards

Field Marshal Sir Henry Wylie Norman, GCB, GCMG, CIE (2 December 1826 – 26 October 1904) was a senior Indian Army officer and colonial administrator. He served in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the campaign against the Kohat Pass Afridis, the suppression of the Santhal rebellion, and the suppression of the Indian Mutiny. He became military member of the Viceroy's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in 1870, in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny. As a result, he became a member of the Council of India; and in his later years he became Governor of Jamaica and then Governor of Queensland.

Early life

[edit]
Henry Norman, standing second from left, with John Lawrence, Viceroy of India and other council members. c. 1864

Norman was the eldest son in the family of four sons and six daughters of the merchant James Norman and his wife Charlotte Wylie; Francis Booth Norman was the second son.[1] His father conducted most of his business in Cuba, before moving to Calcutta. Norman joined the family firm in Calcutta in 1842, and then set about persuading his father to let him join the Bengal Army.[2]

Military career

[edit]

Having obtained a cadetship in the Bengal Native Infantry, Norman was then commissioned as an ensign in the 1st Bengal Native Infantry on 1 March 1844 and then transferred to the 31st Bengal Native Infantry in March 1845.[2] He was posted to Lahore in 1846 and, having been promoted to lieutenant on 25 December 1847, took part in the Battle of Ramnagar in November 1848, the Battle of Chillianwala in January 1849 and the Battle of Gujrat in February 1849 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War.[2] Having attracted the favourable notice of Sir Colin Campbell, Norman was selected by Campbell to accompany an expedition against the Kohat Pass Afridis in 1850 as officiating brigade-major.[2] The subaltern of twenty-four was given a substantive appointment in this capacity for a splendid deed of gallantry, which is recorded by Sir Charles Napier in the following terms:[3]

In the pass of Kohat a sepoy picket, descending a precipitous mountain under fire and the rolling of large stones, had some men killed and wounded. Four of the latter, dreadfully hurt, crept under some rocks for shelter. They were not missed until the picket reached the bottom, but were then discovered by our glasses, high up and helpless. Fortunately the enemy did not see them, and some sepoys volunteered a rescue, headed by Norman of the 31st Native Infantry and Ensign Murray of the 70th Native Infantry. These brave men would that the names of all were known to me for record ascended the rocks in defiance of the enemy, and brought the wounded men down.[4]

Norman served in numerous frontier expeditions between 1850 and 1854 and in the suppression of the Santhal rebellion of 1855 to 1856[3] before becoming assistant adjutant general in India in May 1856.[2] During the Indian Mutiny he was constantly engaged, being present at the Siege of Delhi in Summer 1857, the Siege of Lucknow in November 1857,[3] the Second Battle of Cawnpore in December 1857 and the Capture of Lucknow in March 1858.[2] He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 17 August 1859.[5]

"Chelsea Hospital". Caricature by Spy published in Vanity Fair in 1903.

Promoted to captain on 1 March 1859, Norman became assistant military secretary for Indian affairs at the Horse Guards in October 1860.[6] He was further promoted to brevet major on 3 December 1860[7] and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 4 December 1860.[8] He went back to India in 1861 as deputy adjutant general of the Bengal Army and then became military secretary to the government of India in January 1862.[8] He was appointed an aide-de-camp to the Queen in September 1863[9] and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of major on 1 March 1864,[10] to brevet colonel on 8 September 1868 and to brevet major-general on 23 March 1869,[11] he was given the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 1 March 1870.[12]

Norman went on to become military member of the Governor-General's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in May 1870,[13] in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny.[8] He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 24 May 1873,[14] promoted to lieutenant general on 1 October 1877[15] and returned to London to become a member of the Council of India in February 1878.[8] He was promoted to full general on 1 April 1882[16] and retired from active military service.[8]

Later life

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In October 1883, Norman became Governor of Jamaica[17] and implemented the decision of the Colonial Office to introduce a new constitution intended to limit the ability of the local assembly, which was dominated by white plantation owners, to make all decisions.[18] Appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George on 24 May 1887[19] and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 21 June 1887,[20] he was transferred to the post of Governor of Queensland in 1889: although his mandate was to cut public expenditure, he managed to get on well with both the local politicians and the local people who were impressed by his administrative skills.[18] Declining the post of Viceroy of India in September 1893, Norman left Queensland in November 1895 and returned to London.[18] He was appointed a Commissioner to enquire into the conditions and prospects of the West India Sugar-growing Colonies in December 1896.[21]

Norman became governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in April 1901,[22] and, having been promoted to field marshal on 26 June 1902,[23] became a Commissioner to inquire into the military preparations for the Second Boer War in September 1902.[24] He died at the Royal Hospital Chelsea on 26 October 1904 and was buried in Brompton Cemetery.[18]

There is a memorial to him in St Paul's Cathedral.[25]

Family

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On 14 April 1853, at Peshawar in India, Norman married Selina Eliza Davidson (d.1862) by whom he had three daughters.[26] He married a widow, Jemima Anne Temple (née Knowles), in September 1864 but she died the year after.[26] Then on 1 March 1870 he married Alice Claudine Sandys, daughter of Teignmouth Sandys of the Bengal Civil Service. They had two sons and a daughter.[27]

Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Selina Eliza Davidson

  1. Mary Lucy Norman b. 25 Apr 1854[28]
  2. Helen Campbell Norman b. 27 Jan 1856, leading military nurse[29][30]
  3. Annie Forde Norman b. 15 Sep 1857[31]

Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Alice Claudine Sandys

  1. Walter Henry Norman b. 14 Jun 1871[32]
  2. Claude Lumsden Norman b. 19 Feb 1876[33]
  3. Grace Alice Norman b.[34]

References

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  1. ^ Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1895). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry ... Harrison. p. 852.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Heathcote, p.230
  3. ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
  4. ^ Napier, p. 225
  5. ^ "No. 22299". The London Gazette. 19 August 1859. p. 3143.
  6. ^ "No. 22446". The London Gazette. 13 November 1860. p. 4179.
  7. ^ "No. 22480". The London Gazette. 15 February 1861. p. 655.
  8. ^ a b c d e Heathcote, p. 231
  9. ^ "No. 22769". The London Gazette. 8 September 1863. p. 4384.
  10. ^ "No. 22860". The London Gazette. 3 June 1864. p. 2872.
  11. ^ "No. 23489". The London Gazette. 16 April 1869. p. 2296.
  12. ^ "No. 23636". The London Gazette. 22 July 1870. p. 3480.
  13. ^ "No. 23619". The London Gazette. 27 May 1870. p. 2743.
  14. ^ "No. 23979". The London Gazette. 24 May 1873. p. 2583.
  15. ^ "No. 24508". The London Gazette. 2 October 1877. p. 5458.
  16. ^ "No. 25104". The London Gazette. 5 May 1882. p. 2078.
  17. ^ "No. 25283". The London Gazette. 30 October 1883. p. 5146.
  18. ^ a b c d Heathcote, p. 232
  19. ^ "No. 25703". The London Gazette. 24 May 1887. p. 2855.
  20. ^ "No. 25773". The London Gazette. 5 January 1888. p. 212.
  21. ^ "No. 26807". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1896. p. 7669.
  22. ^ "No. 27319". The London Gazette. 31 May 1901. p. 3697.
  23. ^ "No. 27448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 June 1902. p. 4190.
  24. ^ "No. 27474". The London Gazette. 16 September 1902. p. 5951.
  25. ^ "Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" Sinclair, W. p. 461: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909
  26. ^ a b Wilson, Paul D. "Norman, Sir Henry Wylie (1826–1904)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
  27. ^ Mennell, Philip (1892). "Norman, General Sir Henry Wylie" . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co – via Wikisource.
  28. ^ "Mary Lucy Norman". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  29. ^ "Hellen Campbell Norman". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  30. ^ "Netley Military Cemetery – research about the people who are laid to rest there – Norman Helen Campbell". www.netley-military-cemetery.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  31. ^ "Annie Forde Norman". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  32. ^ "Walter Henry Norman". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  33. ^ "Claude Lumsden Norman". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  34. ^ "Grace Alice Norman". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

Sources

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Media related to Henry Wylie Norman at Wikimedia Commons

Government offices
Preceded by Governor of Jamaica
1883–1889 		Succeeded by
William Clive Justice, acting
Preceded by Governor of Queensland
1889–1895 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Governor, Royal Hospital Chelsea
1901–1904 		Succeeded by
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