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Coordinates: 51°10′35″N 6°19′18″E / 51.17639°N 6.32167°E / 51.17639; 6.32167
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{{Infobox military structure
{{Short description|Former military base in Germany}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name=JHQ Rheindahlen
|name=JHQ Rheindahlen
|image=JHQ Rheindahlen.jpg
|image=JHQ Rheindahlen.jpg
|caption =JHQ Rheindahlen
|caption =JHQ Rheindahlen
|type = Barracks
|type = Headquarters and barracks
|map_type = Germany
|map_type = Germany
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within Germany
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within Germany
|location = [[Mönchengladbach]]
|location = [[Mönchengladbach]]
⚫
|coordinates = {{Coord|51.17639|N|6.32167|E|region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|latitude = 51.17639
|longitude = 6.32167
⚫
|coordinates = {{Coord|51.17639 |N|6.32167|E|region:DE_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|ownership = [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]
|ownership = [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]
|operator = {{army|United Kingdom}}
|operator = {{army|United Kingdom}}
Line 17: Line 17:
|built_for = [[War Office]]
|built_for = [[War Office]]
|garrison =
|garrison =
|occupants =[[British Forces Germany]]
|occupants =[[British Forces Germany]] and NATO national contingents
}}
}}
'''JHQ''' (Joint Headquarters) '''Rheindahlen''' was a military base in [[Mönchengladbach]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]] active from 1954 to 2013. It functioned as the main headquarters for [[British Forces Germany|British forces in Germany]] and for the [[NATO]] [[Northern Army Group]]. Latterly it was also known as the Rheindahlen Military Complex, part of '''Rheindahlen Garrison'''.
'''JHQ''' (Joint Headquarters) '''Rheindahlen''' was a military base in [[Mönchengladbach]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]] active from 1954 to 2013. It functioned as the main headquarters for [[British Forces Germany|British forces in Germany]] and for the [[NATO]] [[Northern Army Group]]. Latterly it was also known as the Rheindahlen Military Complex, part of '''Rheindahlen Garrison'''. It was named after the local village of [[Rheindahlen]], part of the city borough of Mönchengladbach.


==History==
==History==
In 1952, work began on the British Forces Maintenance Area West of the Rhine. Part of the project included the construction of a joint [[British Army]] and [[Royal Air Force]] headquarters for the [[British Army of the Rhine]] (BAOR) in Rheindahlen. Colonel Henry Grattan was Chief Engineer of the construction project.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grattan, Col Henry (1903-1997)|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/gr27-001.shtml|work=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref>
In 1952, work began on the British Forces Maintenance Area West of the Rhine. Part of the project included the construction of a joint [[British Army]] and [[Royal Air Force]] headquarters for the [[British Army of the Rhine]] (BAOR) in Rheindahlen. Colonel Henry Grattan was Chief Engineer of the construction project.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grattan, Col Henry (1903-1997)|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/gr27-001.shtml|work=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref>


HQ BAOR moved from [[Bad Oeynhausen]] to Rheindahlen in October 1954, centralising headquarters functions previously located across several towns in Northern Germany. It was originally the HQ of the [[Northern Army Group]] (NORTHAG), [[Second Allied Tactical Air Force]] (2ATAF), [[British Army of the Rhine]] (BAOR) and [[Royal Air Force Germany]] (RAFG). Some 12,000 military personnel moved to the "town within a town" in a few weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensschoolrheindahlen.com/responsive/stadt-mg-article-004.html|title=Sixty years ago was the laying of the cornerstone for JHQ|publisher=Queens School Rheindahlen|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref>
HQ BAOR moved from [[Bad Oeynhausen]] to [[Rheindahlen]] in October 1954, centralising headquarters functions previously located across several towns in Northern Germany. It was originally the HQ of the [[Northern Army Group]] (NORTHAG), [[Second Allied Tactical Air Force]] (2ATAF), [[British Army of the Rhine]] (BAOR) and [[Royal Air Force Germany]] (RAFG). Some 12,000 military personnel moved to the "town within a town" in a few weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensschoolrheindahlen.com/responsive/stadt-mg-article-004.html|title=Sixty years ago was the laying of the cornerstone for JHQ|publisher=Queens School Rheindahlen|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref>


By the early 1970s the facilities in the complex included a [[NAAFI]] superstore and a smaller [[NAAFI]] store (Buschof NAAFI), German shops, a travel agent (Milatravel), two German banks (Commerzbank and Sparkasse), two post offices, dress shop (a Malcolm Club shop), [[YMCA]] Bookshop, libraries and cafes. There were separate full British Army ([[RAMC]]) and RAF Medical & Dental Centres, four British primary schools (St Georges, St Andrews, St Patricks, St Davids & St Christophers) and a [[Belgian]] school. There was one secondary school (initially Queens upper & lower until the senior school moved to [[Schwalmtal, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hostert Waldniel]], later returning to JHQ and recombining as [[Windsor School, Germany|Windsor School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfbs.com/news/end-era-jhq-rheindahlen-schools-64131.html |title=End of era for JHQ Rheindahlen schools]|publisher= [[BFBS]]|date= 17 July 2013|accessdate=}}</ref>
By the early 1970s the facilities in the complex included a [[NAAFI]] superstore and a smaller [[NAAFI]] store (Buschof NAAFI), German shops, a petrol station (normally BP), a travel agent (Milatravel), two German banks (Commerzbank and Sparkasse), two post offices, dress shop (a Malcolm Club shop), [[YWCA]] Bookshop, libraries and cafes. There were separate full British Army ([[RAMC]]) and RAF Medical & Dental Centres, five British primary schools (St Georges, St Andrews, St Patricks, St Davids & St Christophers) and a [[Belgium|Belgian]] school. There was one secondary school (initially Queens upper & lower until the senior school moved to [[Schwalmtal, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hostert Waldniel]], later returning to JHQ and recombining as [[Windsor School, Germany|Windsor School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfbs.com/news/end-era-jhq-rheindahlen-schools-64131.html|title=End of era for JHQ Rheindahlen schools]|publisher=[[BFBS]]|date=17 July 2013|access-date=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006124207/http://www.bfbs.com/news/end-era-jhq-rheindahlen-schools-64131.html|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>


JHQ was first bombed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] in 1973. The car bomb was planted in the Globe cinema car park and timed to go off as the film ended. In the event the film ended early and the car park was largely empty when the bomb exploded. No one was injured, but a couple of cars were damaged. A Dutch man and a woman from [[Belfast]] were arrested but their leader, reported to be James McCann, escaped.<ref>[http://awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=476155 ''Chronology''] at digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.</ref>
JHQ was first bombed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] in 1973. The car bomb was planted in the Globe cinema car park and timed to go off as the film ended. In the event the film ended early and the car park was largely empty when the bomb exploded. No one was injured, but a couple of cars were damaged. A Dutch man and a woman from [[Belfast]] were arrested but their leader, reported to be [[James McCann (drugs trafficker)|James McCann]], escaped.<ref>[http://awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=476155 ''Chronology'']{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.</ref>


Thirty-one people were injured on 23 March 1987 after a {{convert|300|lb|abbr=on}} [[car bomb]] exploded near the visitors officers' mess at the top of Queens Avenue.<ref name="on this day">{{cite news
Thirty-one people were injured on 23 March 1987 after a {{convert|300|lb|abbr=on}} [[car bomb]] [[1987 Rheindahlen bombing|exploded near the visitors officers' mess]] at the top of Queens Avenue.<ref name="on this day">{{cite news
| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/23/newsid_4287000/4287075.stm| title= 30 hurt as car bomb hits Army base| publisher= BBC News| date= 23 March 1987| accessdate= 2010}}</ref> The Provisional IRA later stated it had carried out the bombing.<ref name="on this day" />
| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/23/newsid_4287000/4287075.stm| title= 30 hurt as car bomb hits Army base| work= BBC News| date= 23 March 1987| accessdate= 1 January 2010}}</ref> The Provisional IRA later stated it had carried out the bombing.<ref name="on this day" />


During the 1990s and 2000s, JHQ housed the Headquarters United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), later Headquarters British Forces Germany, which was the administrative HQ of the British Army in Europe. It was also home to the [[Allied Rapid Reaction Corps]] (ARRC), which relocated to [[Imjin Barracks]] in [[Gloucestershire]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theyworkforyou.com/wms/?id=2008-05-15b.65WS.3|title=Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps|publisher=They work for you|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref>
During the 1990s and 2000s, JHQ housed the Headquarters United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), later Headquarters British Forces Germany, which was the administrative HQ of the British Army in Europe. It was also home to the [[Allied Rapid Reaction Corps]] (ARRC), which relocated to [[Imjin Barracks]] in [[Gloucestershire]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wms/?id=2008-05-15b.65WS.3|title=Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps|publisher=They work for you|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Joint Headquarters Rheindahlen begins to say goodbye - GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-headquarters-rheindahlen-begins-to-say-goodbye|website=www.gov.uk|accessdate=8 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>


There was an Army Garrison HQ on Collingwood Road to administer the Army element and an RAF HQ ([[RAF Rheindahlen]]) on Queens Avenue to administer the RAF element. HQ British Forces Germany moved to [[Bielefeld]] in July 2013. The Rheindahlen military complex was handed back to German federal authorities on 13 December 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=JHQ eine Fotoausstellung|url=http://www.moenchengladbach.de/index.php?id=veranstaltungen&tx_wfp2_events_pi1%5Bitem%5D=1391|work=Stadt Mönchengladbach|accessdate=4 February 2014|language=de}}</ref>
There was an Army Garrison HQ on Collingwood Road to administer the Army element and an RAF HQ ([[RAF Rheindahlen]]) on Queens Avenue to administer the RAF element. HQ British Forces Germany moved to [[Bielefeld]] in July 2013. The Rheindahlen military complex was handed back to German federal authorities on 13 December 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=JHQ eine Fotoausstellung|url=http://www.moenchengladbach.de/index.php?id=veranstaltungen&tx_wfp2_events_pi1%5Bitem%5D=1391|work=Stadt Mönchengladbach|access-date=4 February 2014|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504061813/http://moenchengladbach.de/index.php?id=veranstaltungen|archive-date=4 May 2012}}</ref>


In July 2015 some Arab investors submitted proposals to convert the site to a leisure park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/moenchengladbach/jhq-freizeitpark-fuer-15-milliarden-euro-aid-1.5212768|title=Mönchengladbach: JHQ: Freizeitpark für 1,5 Milliarden Euro ?|author=Ralf Jüngermann|work=RP ONLINE|accessdate=16 April 2016}}</ref> In September 2015 the main gas, electricity and water services were reconnected from the main Hardt-Rheindahlen road along Queens Avenue to the West boiler house to facilitate temporary use of the site as a refugee reception centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/moenchengladbach/jhq-erschliessungsarbeiten-fuer-die-zentrale-fluechtlingsaufnahme-aid-1.5409767|title=Mönchengladbach: JHQ: Erschließungsarbeiten für die zentrale Flüchtlingsaufnahme |author=Inge Schnettler |work=RP ONLINE|accessdate=17 April 2016}}</ref> In November 2015 the site was still a ghost town, with civilian security guards and in April 2016 it was revealed that the refugees would be accommodated in the billets area around the parade ground, off Beresford Road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/moenchengladbach/das-jhq-wird-zur-fluechtlingsunterkunft-bid-1.4976343|title=Fotos: Das JHQ wird zur Flüchtlingsunterkunft|author=RP online|work=RP online|accessdate=16 April 2016}}</ref>
In July 2015 some Arab investors submitted proposals to convert the site to a leisure park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/moenchengladbach/jhq-freizeitpark-fuer-15-milliarden-euro-aid-1.5212768|title=Mönchengladbach: JHQ: Freizeitpark für 1,5 Milliarden Euro ?|author=Ralf Jüngermann|work=RP ONLINE|date=4 July 2015 |accessdate=16 April 2016}}</ref> In September 2015 the main gas, electricity and water services were reconnected from the main Hardt-Rheindahlen road along Queens Avenue to the West boiler house to facilitate temporary use of the site as a refugee reception centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/moenchengladbach/jhq-erschliessungsarbeiten-fuer-die-zentrale-fluechtlingsaufnahme-aid-1.5409767|title=Mönchengladbach: JHQ: Erschließungsarbeiten für die zentrale Flüchtlingsaufnahme |author=Inge Schnettler |work=RP ONLINE|date=21 September 2015 |accessdate=17 April 2016}}</ref> In November 2015 the site was still a ghost town with civilian security guards and in April 2016 it was revealed that the refugees would be accommodated in the billets area around the parade ground off Beresford Road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/moenchengladbach/das-jhq-wird-zur-fluechtlingsunterkunft-bid-1.4976343|title=Fotos: Das JHQ wird zur Flüchtlingsunterkunft|author=RP online|work=RP online|date=27 March 2015 |accessdate=16 April 2016}}</ref>

== Headquarters and units ==
A number of separate HQs and units were based at the JHQ complex during its time as a British and NATO base, these included:

=== Headquarters ===
* HQ [[Northern Army Group]] (NORTHAG)
* HQ [[2nd Allied Tactical Air Force]] (2 ATAF)
* HQ [[British Army of the Rhine]] (BAOR)
* HQ [[RAF Germany]] (RAFG)
* HQ [[United Kingdom Support Command (Germany)]] (UKSC(G))
* HQ [[British Forces Germany]] (BFG)
* HQ [[ACE Rapid Reaction Corps]] (ARRC)
* HQ [[Multinational Division (Central)]] (MND(C))

=== Individual units and organisations ===
* [[British Services Security Organisation (Germany)]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Graaf|first1=Beatrice de|last2=Jong|first2=Ben de|last3=Platje|first3=Wies|title=Battleground Western Europe: Intelligence Operations in Germany and the Netherlands in the Twentieth Century|date=2007|publisher=Het Spinhuis|isbn=9789055892815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVF0aU1imWEC&q=%22British+Services+Security+Organisation%22+%28Germany%29&pg=PA134|accessdate=8 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Intelligence & Security Group (Germany)]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bijl|first1=Nick Van Der|title=Sharing the Secret: The History of the Intelligence Corps 1940-2010|date=2013|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=9781473833180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcY7BAAAQBAJ&q=Intelligence+and+Security+Group+Germany&pg=PA388|accessdate=8 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=JHQ|url=http://www.baor-locations.org/JHQ.aspx.html|website=www.baor-locations.org|accessdate=8 June 2017}}</ref>
* [[16 Signal Regiment]]
* Support Battalion, HQ ARRC
* 32 Postal & Courier Squadron [[Royal Engineers]]
* 101 Provost Company [[Royal Military Police]]<ref>{{cite web|title=British Army units from 1945 on - Provost Companies 101 to 169|url=http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-military-police/provost-companies-101-to-169.html|website=british-army-units1945on.co.uk|accessdate=8 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>
* 68 Squadron [[Royal Corps of Transport]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Grieve|first1=Michael|title='Now That I am a Civilian', Lieutenant Colonel Michael Grieve|url=http://www.rotary-ribi.org/clubs/page.php?PgID=532793&ClubID=73|website=Currie Balerno|date=22 July 2015 |accessdate=8 June 2017}}</ref>
* 29 Company [[Women's Royal Army Corps]]<ref>{{cite web|title=WRAC - Regiment History, War & Military Records & Archives|url=https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/units/3184/wrac/|website=www.forces-war-records.co.uk|accessdate=8 June 2017}}</ref>
* Various NATO national support elements


==See also==
==See also==
*[[British Army of the Rhine]]
*[[British Army of the Rhine]]
*[[Windsor School, Germany|Windsor School]]
*[[Kent School, Hostert]]
*[[Windsor School, Germany|Windsor School, formerly Queens School]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Mönchengladbach]]
[[Category:Mönchengladbach]]
[[Category:British forces in Germany]]
[[Category:British forces in Germany]]
[[Category:Military installations of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military facilities of the United Kingdom in Germany]]
[[Category:Provisional Irish Republican Army actions]]
[[Category:Provisional Irish Republican Army actions]]
[[Category:Military headquarters]]
[[Category:Military headquarters]]

Latest revision as of 14:15, 17 February 2024

JHQ Rheindahlen
Mönchengladbach
JHQ Rheindahlen
JHQ Rheindahlen is located in Germany
JHQ Rheindahlen
JHQ Rheindahlen
Location within Germany
Coordinates51°10′35″N 6°19′18″E / 51.17639°N 6.32167°E / 51.17639; 6.32167
TypHeadquarters and barracks
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
Operator British Army
Site history
Built1952
Built forWar Office
In use1952-2013
Garrison information
OccupantsBritish Forces Germany and NATO national contingents

JHQ (Joint Headquarters) Rheindahlen was a military base in Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany active from 1954 to 2013. It functioned as the main headquarters for British forces in Germany and for the NATO Northern Army Group. Latterly it was also known as the Rheindahlen Military Complex, part of Rheindahlen Garrison. It was named after the local village of Rheindahlen, part of the city borough of Mönchengladbach.

History

[edit]

In 1952, work began on the British Forces Maintenance Area West of the Rhine. Part of the project included the construction of a joint British Army and Royal Air Force headquarters for the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Rheindahlen. Colonel Henry Grattan was Chief Engineer of the construction project.[1]

HQ BAOR moved from Bad Oeynhausen to Rheindahlen in October 1954, centralising headquarters functions previously located across several towns in Northern Germany. It was originally the HQ of the Northern Army Group (NORTHAG), Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF), British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG). Some 12,000 military personnel moved to the "town within a town" in a few weeks.[2]

By the early 1970s the facilities in the complex included a NAAFI superstore and a smaller NAAFI store (Buschof NAAFI), German shops, a petrol station (normally BP), a travel agent (Milatravel), two German banks (Commerzbank and Sparkasse), two post offices, dress shop (a Malcolm Club shop), YWCA Bookshop, libraries and cafes. There were separate full British Army (RAMC) and RAF Medical & Dental Centres, five British primary schools (St Georges, St Andrews, St Patricks, St Davids & St Christophers) and a Belgian school. There was one secondary school (initially Queens upper & lower until the senior school moved to Hostert Waldniel, later returning to JHQ and recombining as Windsor School.[3]

JHQ was first bombed by the Provisional IRA in 1973. The car bomb was planted in the Globe cinema car park and timed to go off as the film ended. In the event the film ended early and the car park was largely empty when the bomb exploded. No one was injured, but a couple of cars were damaged. A Dutch man and a woman from Belfast were arrested but their leader, reported to be James McCann, escaped.[4]

Thirty-one people were injured on 23 March 1987 after a 300 lb (140 kg) car bomb exploded near the visitors officers' mess at the top of Queens Avenue.[5] The Provisional IRA later stated it had carried out the bombing.[5]

During the 1990s and 2000s, JHQ housed the Headquarters United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), later Headquarters British Forces Germany, which was the administrative HQ of the British Army in Europe. It was also home to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), which relocated to Imjin Barracks in Gloucestershire in 2010.[6][7]

There was an Army Garrison HQ on Collingwood Road to administer the Army element and an RAF HQ (RAF Rheindahlen) on Queens Avenue to administer the RAF element. HQ British Forces Germany moved to Bielefeld in July 2013. The Rheindahlen military complex was handed back to German federal authorities on 13 December 2013.[8]

In July 2015 some Arab investors submitted proposals to convert the site to a leisure park.[9] In September 2015 the main gas, electricity and water services were reconnected from the main Hardt-Rheindahlen road along Queens Avenue to the West boiler house to facilitate temporary use of the site as a refugee reception centre.[10] In November 2015 the site was still a ghost town with civilian security guards and in April 2016 it was revealed that the refugees would be accommodated in the billets area around the parade ground off Beresford Road.[11]

Headquarters and units

[edit]

A number of separate HQs and units were based at the JHQ complex during its time as a British and NATO base, these included:

Hauptsitz

[edit]

Individual units and organisations

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Grattan, Col Henry (1903-1997)". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. King's College London. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Sixty years ago was the laying of the cornerstone for JHQ". Queens School Rheindahlen. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  3. ^ "End of era for JHQ Rheindahlen schools]". BFBS. 17 July 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013.
  4. ^ Chronology[permanent dead link] at digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu. Retrieved 23 Feb 2014.
  5. ^ a b "30 hurt as car bomb hits Army base". BBC News. 23 March 1987. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  6. ^ "Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps". They work for you. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Joint Headquarters Rheindahlen begins to say goodbye - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  8. ^ "JHQ eine Fotoausstellung". Stadt Mönchengladbach (in German). Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  9. ^ Ralf Jüngermann (4 July 2015). "Mönchengladbach: JHQ: Freizeitpark für 1,5 Milliarden Euro ?". RP ONLINE. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  10. ^ Inge Schnettler (21 September 2015). "Mönchengladbach: JHQ: Erschließungsarbeiten für die zentrale Flüchtlingsaufnahme". RP ONLINE. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  11. ^ RP online (27 March 2015). "Fotos: Das JHQ wird zur Flüchtlingsunterkunft". RP online. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  12. ^ Graaf, Beatrice de; Jong, Ben de; Platje, Wies (2007). Battleground Western Europe: Intelligence Operations in Germany and the Netherlands in the Twentieth Century. Het Spinhuis. ISBN 9789055892815. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  13. ^ Bijl, Nick Van Der (2013). Sharing the Secret: The History of the Intelligence Corps 1940-2010. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473833180. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  14. ^ "JHQ". www.baor-locations.org. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  15. ^ "British Army units from 1945 on - Provost Companies 101 to 169". british-army-units1945on.co.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  16. ^ Grieve, Michael (22 July 2015). "'Now That I am a Civilian', Lieutenant Colonel Michael Grieve". Currie Balerno. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  17. ^ "WRAC - Regiment History, War & Military Records & Archives". www.forces-war-records.co.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
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