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{{Other uses2|XEUS}}


{{short description|European X-ray space observatory}}
⚫
'''XEUS''' ('''[[X-ray]] Evolving [[Universe]] [[Spectroscopy]]''') was a space observatory plan developed by the [[European Space Agency]] as a successor to the successful [[XMM-Newton]] X-ray [[satellite]] [[telescope]]. It was merged to the [[International X-ray Observatory]] around 2008, but as that project ran into issues in 2010, the ESA component was forked off into [[Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics]] (ATHENA).
{{Use British English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy
| names_list = XEUS
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size =


| mission_type = [[Space telescope]]
⚫
XEUS consisted of a mirror spacecraft that carried a large X-ray telescope, with a mirror area of about 5 m² and an imaging resolution better than 5″ for X-ray radiation with an energy of 1 keV. A detector spacecraft would have flown in formation with the telescope at a distance of approximately 35 m, in the focus of the telescope. The detectors qould have included a wide-field X-ray imager with an energy resolution of 150 eV at 6 keV, as well as a cryogenic narrow-field imager with an energy resolution of 2 eV at 1 keV.
| operator = [[European Space Agency]] (ESA)
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| website =
| mission_duration =


| launch_date =
⚫
XEUS would have been able to measure the X-ray spectrum and thereby the composition, temperature and velocities of hot matter in the early universe. It would address diverse questions like the origin and nature of black holes, their relation with star formation, the evolution of [[baryon]]s and the formation of the heavy elements in the Universe.
| launch_rocket =
| launch_site =
| launch_contractor =


| orbit_reference = [[Lagrange point|L2 orbit]]
The technology required for the follow-on project of XEUS, the [[International X-ray Observatory]] is currently under development. XEUS was one of the candidates for the Cosmic Vision program of the [[European Space Agency]].


| instruments = Wide-Field X-ray Imager (WFXI)
⚫
==Recent developments==

{{Update|date=October 2014}}
| insignia =
⚫
In May 2008, [[ESA]] and [[NASA]] established a coordination group involving three agencies - [[ESA]], [[NASA]] and [[JAXA]] - with the intent of exploring a joint mission merging the ongoing XEUS and [[Constellation-X Observatory|Constellation-X]] projects.<ref>[http://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/2008/ixo_announcement.html Announcing the International X-ray Observatory (IXO)]</ref> This proposed the start of a joint study for the [[International X-ray Observatory]](IXO) .<ref>[http://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ The International X-Ray Observatory]</ref>
| insignia_caption =
| insignia_size =

| programme = '''[[Cosmic Vision]]'''
| previous_mission = [[XMM-Newton]]
| next_mission = [[Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics]] (ATHENA)
}}

⚫
'''XEUS''' ('''X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy''') was a space observatory plan developed by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) as a successor to the successful [[XMM-Newton]] [[X-ray]] [[satellite]] [[telescope]]. It was merged to the [[International X-ray Observatory]] (IXO) around 2008, but as that project ran into issues in 2011, the ESA component was forked off into [[Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics]] (Athena).

⚫
XEUS consisted of a mirror spacecraft that carried a large X-ray telescope, with a mirror area of about 5 m² and an imaging resolution better than 5 arcsec; for X-ray radiation with an energy of 1 [[Electronvolt|keV]]. A detector spacecraft would have flown in formation with the telescope at a distance of approximately 50 m, in the focus of the telescope. The detectors would have included a wide-field X-ray imager with an energy resolution of 150 eV at 6 keV, as well as a cryogenic narrow-field imager with an energy resolution of 2 eV at 1&nbsp;keV.

⚫
XEUS could have measured the X-ray spectrum and thereby the composition, temperature and velocities of hot matter in the early universe. It would address diverse questions like the origin and nature of black holes, their relation with star formation, [[baryon]]s evolution, and the formation of the heavy elements in the Universe.

The technology required for the follow-on project of XEUS, the [[International X-ray Observatory]], eventually leading to [[Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics]] ([[Athena]]) which is currently under development. XEUS was one of the candidates for the [[Cosmic Vision|Cosmic Vision programme]] of the European Space Agency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New facility development underway for ATHENA telescope calibration |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Shaping_the_Future/New_facility_development_underway_for_ATHENA_telescope_calibration |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref>

⚫
== Recent developments ==
⚫
In May 2008, [[ESA]] and [[NASA]] established a coordination group involving three agencies - [[ESA]], [[NASA]] and [[JAXA]] - with the intent of exploring a joint mission merging the ongoing XEUS and [[Constellation-X Observatory|Constellation-X]] (Con-X) projects.<ref name="Announcement">{{cite web|url=https://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/2008/ixo_announcement.html|title=Announcing the International X-ray Observatory (IXO)|publisher=NASA|date=24 July 2008|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118124903/https://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/2008/ixo_announcement.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This proposed the start of a joint study for the [[International X-ray Observatory]] (IXO).<ref name="IXO">{{cite web|url=https://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/|title=The International X-Ray Observatory|publisher=NASA|date=2012|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131172251/https://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
*[[Calorimeter]]
* [[Calorimeter]]


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
== External links ==
*[http://xeus.esa.int/ ESA International X-Ray Observatory Mission Site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020306060837/http://xeus.esa.int/ ESA International X-Ray Observatory Mission Site]
*[http://www.micronit.com/en/about_us/news.php?BasicNieuwsItemID=103 Press Release] Micronit and Cosine Develop Next-Generation ESA X-ray Telescope
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110714090712/http://www.micronit.com/en/about_us/news.php?BasicNieuwsItemID=103 Press Release] Micronit and Cosine Develop Next-Generation ESA X-ray Telescope
*[http://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA International X-Ray Observatory Mission Site]
* [http://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA International X-Ray Observatory Mission Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814083958/http://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ |date=14 August 2012 }}


{{ESA projects}}
{{ESA projects}}
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[[Category:European Space Agency space probes]]
[[Category:European Space Agency space probes]]
[[Category:Cancelled spacecraft]]
[[Category:Cancelled spacecraft]]
[[Category:Space observatories]]
[[Category:Space telescopes]]
[[Category:X-ray telescopes]]
[[Category:X-ray telescopes]]

Latest revision as of 09:23, 21 February 2024

For other uses, see XEUS (disambiguation).
X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy
NamesXEUS
Mission typeSpace telescope
OperatorEuropean Space Agency (ESA)
Orbital parameters
Reference systemL2 orbit
Instruments
Wide-Field X-ray Imager (WFXI)
 

XEUS (X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy) was a space observatory plan developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a successor to the successful XMM-Newton X-ray satellite telescope. It was merged to the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) around 2008, but as that project ran into issues in 2011, the ESA component was forked off into Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena).

XEUS consisted of a mirror spacecraft that carried a large X-ray telescope, with a mirror area of about 5 m² and an imaging resolution better than 5 arcsec; for X-ray radiation with an energy of 1 keV. A detector spacecraft would have flown in formation with the telescope at a distance of approximately 50 m, in the focus of the telescope. The detectors would have included a wide-field X-ray imager with an energy resolution of 150 eV at 6 keV, as well as a cryogenic narrow-field imager with an energy resolution of 2 eV at 1 keV.

XEUS could have measured the X-ray spectrum and thereby the composition, temperature and velocities of hot matter in the early universe. It would address diverse questions like the origin and nature of black holes, their relation with star formation, baryons evolution, and the formation of the heavy elements in the Universe.

The technology required for the follow-on project of XEUS, the International X-ray Observatory, eventually leading to Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena) which is currently under development. XEUS was one of the candidates for the Cosmic Vision programme of the European Space Agency.[1]

Recent developments

[edit]

In May 2008, ESA and NASA established a coordination group involving three agencies - ESA, NASA and JAXA - with the intent of exploring a joint mission merging the ongoing XEUS and Constellation-X (Con-X) projects.[2] This proposed the start of a joint study for the International X-ray Observatory (IXO).[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New facility development underway for ATHENA telescope calibration". www.esa.int. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Announcing the International X-ray Observatory (IXO)". NASA. 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  3. ^ "The International X-Ray Observatory". NASA. 2012. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
[edit]
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