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{{Short description|Song by Malvina Reynolds, popularized by Pete Seeger}}
{{Short description|Song by Malvina Reynolds, popularized by Pete Seeger}}
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[[File:Daly City little boxes aerial.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Aerial view of tract housing in [[Daly City, California]], a suburb of San Francisco, which inspired Reynolds to write the song]]
{{Infobox song
{{Infobox song
| name = Little Boxes
| name = Little Boxes
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| producer =
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| tracks =
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| misc = {{External music video|header=Official audio{{YouTube|2AkoPCXZ_K4|"Little Boxes"}}}}
| misc = {{External music video|type=song|header=Official audio|1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AkoPCXZ_K4 "Little Boxes"] on Youtube}}
}}
}}
{{Living spaces}}
{{Living spaces}}
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[[File:Daly City little boxes aerial.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Aerial view of tract housing in [[Daly City, California]], a suburb of San Francisco, which inspired Reynolds to write the song]]
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'''"Little Boxes"''' is a song written and composed by [[Malvina Reynolds]] in 1962. The song was first released by her friend, [[Pete Seeger]], in 1963.
"'''Little Boxes'''" is a song written and composed by [[Malvina Reynolds]] in 1962. The song was first released by her friend, [[Pete Seeger]], in 1963, and became his only charting single in January 1964.


The song is a [[satire|social satire]] about the development of [[suburbia]], and associated [[Conformity|conformist]] [[middle-class]] attitudes. It mocks suburban [[tract housing]] as "little boxes" of different colors "all made out of [[wikt:ticky-tacky|ticky-tacky]]", and which "all look just the same". "Ticky-tacky" is a reference to the shoddy material supposedly used in the construction of the houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ticky-tacky|title=Ticky-tacky|publisher=G. & C. Merriam|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref>
The song is a [[satire|social satire]]{{cn|date=February 2024}} about the development of [[suburbia]] and associated [[Conformity|conformist]] [[middle-class]] attitudes. It mocks suburban [[tract housing]] as "little boxes" of different colors "all made out of [[wikt:ticky-tacky|ticky-tacky]]" and which "all look just the same". "Ticky-tacky" is a reference to the shoddy material supposedly used in the construction of the houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ticky-tacky|title=Ticky-tacky|publisher=G. & C. Merriam|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
Reynolds was a folk singer-songwriter and political activist in the 1960s and 1970s. Nancy Reynolds, her daughter, explained that her mother wrote the song after seeing the housing developments around [[Daly City, California]], built in the [[post-war]] era by [[Henry Doelger]], particularly the neighborhoods of Southern Hills on [[San Bruno Mountain]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://music.homegrownseries.com/?p=5 |work=HomeGrown Humor |title=Artist Spotlight: Malvina Reynolds |publisher=[[Showtime Networks]] |date=July 2007 |access-date=2007-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222231203/http://music.homegrownseries.com/?p=5 |archive-date=2007-12-22 }}</ref><blockquote>"My mother and father were driving South from San Francisco through Daly City when my mom got the idea for the song. She asked my dad to take the wheel, and she wrote it on the way to the gathering in [[La Honda]] where she was going to sing for the [[Friends Committee on National Legislation|Friends Committee on Legislation]]. When ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine (I think, maybe ''[[Newsweek]]'') wanted a photo of her pointing to the very place, she couldn't find those houses because so many more had been built around them that the hillsides were totally covered."</blockquote>Reynolds later released her version on her 1967 [[Columbia Records]] album ''Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth'',<ref>Reynolds, Malvina. ''Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth'', Columbia Records, 1967. CS-9414</ref> and it can also be found on the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]] [[Folkways Records]] 2000 CD re-issue of ''Ear to the Ground''. However, [[Pete Seeger]]'s 1963 rendition of the song is known internationally, and it reached No. 70 in the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] in January 1964, his sole charting single.<ref>{{cite book |title= Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 14th Edition: 1955-2012 |last=Whitburn |first=Joel |authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=2013 |publisher=Record Research |page=749}}</ref> Also a political activist, Seeger was a friend of Reynolds, and, like many others in the 1960s, he used folk songs as a medium for social protest.
Reynolds was a folk singer-songwriter and political activist in the 1960s and 1970s. Nancy Reynolds, her daughter, explained that her mother wrote the song after seeing the housing developments around [[Daly City, California]], built in the [[post-war]] era by [[Henry Doelger]], particularly the neighborhoods of Southern Hills on [[San Bruno Mountain]].

<blockquote>My mother and father were driving South from San Francisco through Daly City when my mom got the idea for the song. She asked my dad to take the wheel, and she wrote it on the way to the gathering in [[La Honda]] where she was going to sing for the [[Friends Committee on National Legislation|Friends Committee on Legislation]]. When ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine (I think, maybe ''[[Newsweek]]'') wanted a photo of her pointing to the very place, she couldn't find those houses because so many more had been built around them that the hillsides were totally covered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://music.homegrownseries.com/?p=5 |work=HomeGrown Humor |title=Artist Spotlight: Malvina Reynolds |publisher=[[Showtime Networks]] |date=July 2007 |access-date=2007-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222231203/http://music.homegrownseries.com/?p=5 |archive-date=2007-12-22 }}</ref></blockquote>

Reynolds's version was first released on her 1967 [[Columbia Records]] album ''Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth'',<ref>Reynolds, Malvina. ''Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth'', Columbia Records, 1967. CS-9414</ref> and can also be found on the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]] [[Folkways Records]] 2000 CD re-issue of ''Ear to the Ground''. However, [[Pete Seeger]]'s 1963 rendition of the song is known internationally, and it reached No. 70 in the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] in January 1964, his sole charting single.<ref>{{cite book |title= Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 14th Edition: 1955-2012 |last=Whitburn |first=Joel |authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=2013 |publisher=Record Research |page=749}}</ref> Also a political activist, Seeger was a friend of Reynolds and, like many others in the 1960s, he used folk songs as a medium for social protest.


== Reception and analysis ==
== Reception and analysis ==
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Historian [[Nell Irvin Painter]] points out that the conformity described in "Little Boxes" was not entirely a bad thing, indicative as it was of "a process of going to university to be doctors and lawyers and business executives" who "came out all the same" and then lived in "nice, new neighborhoods with good new schools. ... Suburbia may be monotone, but it was a sameness to be striven toward."<ref>[[Nell Irvin Painter|Painter, Nell Irvin]] (2010) ''The History of White People''. New York: Norton. p.369. {{isbn|978-0-393-33974-1}}</ref>
Historian [[Nell Irvin Painter]] points out that the conformity described in "Little Boxes" was not entirely a bad thing, indicative as it was of "a process of going to university to be doctors and lawyers and business executives" who "came out all the same" and then lived in "nice, new neighborhoods with good new schools. ... Suburbia may be monotone, but it was a sameness to be striven toward."<ref>[[Nell Irvin Painter|Painter, Nell Irvin]] (2010) ''The History of White People''. New York: Norton. p.369. {{isbn|978-0-393-33974-1}}</ref>


The term "[[:wikt:ticky-tacky|ticky-tacky]]" became a [[catchphrase]] during the 1960s, attesting to the song's popularity.<ref name="Time">{{cite journal |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873851,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027114831/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873851,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 27, 2007 |title=Tacky into the Wind |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 1964}}</ref>
The term "[[:wikt:ticky-tacky|ticky-tacky]]" became a [[catchphrase]] during the 1960s, attesting to the song's popularity.<ref name="Time">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873851,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027114831/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873851,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 27, 2007 |title=Tacky into the Wind |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 1964}}</ref>


== Covers ==
== Covers ==
The song has been recorded by many musicians and bands, some of whom have arranged and translated the song to meet their styles. Perhaps one of the most well-known covers is by [[The Womenfolk]], whose 1964 version of the song for 52 years was the shortest single ever to chart on the [[Billboard Hot 100]], at 1 minute 2 seconds, peaking at No. 83;<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Womenfolk Chart History (Hot 100) |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/The-Womenfolk |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> in 2016, it was surpassed by [[Pikotaro|Pikotaro's]] "[[PPAP (Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen)]]", at only 45 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7549143/piko-taro-ppap-shortest-song-billboard-hot-100|title=Piko-Taro's 'PPAP' Is the Shortest Song Ever on Billboard Hot 100|work=billboard.com|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> [[Kid Cudi]] would subsequently break this record in 2020 with "[[Beautiful Trip]]" at only 37 seconds.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caraan |first1=Sophie |title=Kid Cudi Shortest Song Billboard hot 100 record |url=https://hypebeast.com/2020/12/kid-cudi-shortest-song-beautiful-trip-billboard-hot-100-record |website=hypebeast |date=23 December 2020 |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> Spanish songwriter [[:es:Adolfo Celdrán|Adolfo Celdrán]] wrote the first Spanish version of the song, called "Cajitas", which was released in 1969 and had several successive reissues. Another Spanish version of the song, "Las Casitas del Barrio Alto", was written by the Chilean songwriter [[Víctor Jara]] in 1971, depicting in a mocking way the over-Europeanized and bourgeois lifestyle of the residents of the "Barrio Alto" (high-class neighborhood) in [[Santiago de Chile]].<ref name=Mularski2014>{{cite book |title=Music, Politics, and Nationalism In Latin America: Chile During the Cold War Era |page=94 |last=Mularski |first=Jedrek |date=2014 |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=9781621967378}}</ref>
The song has been recorded by many musicians and bands, some of whom have arranged and translated the song to meet their styles. Perhaps one of the most well-known covers is by [[The Womenfolk]], whose 1964 version of the song was (until 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Piko-Taro's 'PPAP' Is the Shortest Song Ever on Billboard Hot 100 |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7549143/piko-taro-ppap-shortest-song-billboard-hot-100 |access-date=20 October 2016 |work=billboard.com}}</ref>) the shortest single to chart on the [[Billboard Hot 100]], at 1 minute 2 seconds, peaking at No. 83.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Womenfolk Chart History (Hot 100) |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/The-Womenfolk |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Spanish songwriter [[:es:Adolfo Celdrán|Adolfo Celdrán]] wrote the first Spanish version of the song, called "Cajitas", which was released in 1969 and had several successive reissues. Another Spanish version of the song, "Las Casitas del Barrio Alto", was written by the Chilean songwriter [[Víctor Jara]] in 1971, depicting in a mocking way the over-Europeanized and bourgeois lifestyle of the residents of the "Barrio Alto" (high-class neighborhood) in [[Santiago de Chile]].<ref name=Mularski2014>{{cite book |title=Music, Politics, and Nationalism In Latin America: Chile During the Cold War Era |page=94 |last=Mularski |first=Jedrek |date=2014 |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=9781621967378}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
* '''1964:''' The song was performed on the [[NBC]] satirical television program ''[[That Was The Week That Was]]'' on April 13, 1964, sung by [[Nancy Ames]] and accompanied by a film montage by Guy Fraumeni and Lou Myers depicting [[tract housing]] and other related images.
* '''1964:''' The song was performed on the [[NBC]] satirical television program ''[[That Was the Week That Was]]'' on April 13, 1964, sung by [[Nancy Ames]] and accompanied by a film montage by Guy Fraumeni and Lou Myers depicting [[tract housing]] and other related images.
* '''1975:''' In the novel ''[[Ecotopia]]'' by [[Ernest Callenbach]], describing a secessionist ecological utopia in the western United States, the protagonist (visiting the country as a US journalist) is informed that "cheaply built houses in newer districts" are scornfully referred to as "ticky-tacky boxes" by the population.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Callenbach |first1=Ernest |author-link1=Ernest_Callenbach |title=Ecotopia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTeMGW2kalcC&q=ticky-tacky+boxes&pg=PA14 |format=Google Books |year=1975 |page=14 |isbn=978-0-9604320-1-1}}</ref>
* '''1975:''' In the novel ''[[Ecotopia]]'' by [[Ernest Callenbach]], describing a secessionist ecological utopia in the western United States, the protagonist (visiting the country as a US journalist) is informed that "cheaply built houses in newer districts" are scornfully referred to as "ticky-tacky boxes" by the population.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Callenbach |first1=Ernest |author-link1=Ernest Callenbach |title=Ecotopia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTeMGW2kalcC&q=ticky-tacky+boxes&pg=PA14 |format=Google Books |year=1975 |page=14 |publisher=Banyan Tree Books |isbn=978-0-9604320-1-1}}</ref>
* '''1980s:''' [[Russ Abbot]] took the music to the song and its general theme to satirize [[The Spinners (UK band)|The Spinners]], a contemporary popular folk group whose songs apparently "all sound the same", as a parody act "The Spanners" on his 1980s [[London Weekend Television]] ''Madhouse'' series.<ref>[[Russ Abbott|Abbott, Russ]] (ndg) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLpOpTgQLQA "The Spanners - We're A Folk Group"] ''[[YouTube]]''</ref>
* '''1980s:''' [[Russ Abbot]] took the music to the song and its general theme to satirize [[The Spinners (English band)|The Spinners]], a contemporary popular folk group whose songs apparently "all sound the same", as a parody act "The Spanners" on his 1980s [[London Weekend Television]] ''Madhouse'' series.<ref>[[Russ Abbott|Abbott, Russ]] (ndg) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLpOpTgQLQA "The Spanners - We're A Folk Group"] ''[[YouTube]]''</ref>
* '''2005—2012:''' The song was used as the opening theme song for the [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] television series ''[[Weeds (TV series)|Weeds]]''. The first season used Reynolds's version. In the second and third seasons, various artists and celebrities performed covers of the song for the different episodes. The song was not used regularly during seasons four through seven, but was covered by various artists in the eighth and final season. See also: [[Weeds (TV series)#Opening music|opening music of ''Weeds'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/earshot/weeds-theme-steve-martin-kevin-nealon-348686|title='Weeds' Revives 'Little Boxes' Theme With Ben Folds, Steve Martin|work=hollywoodreporter.com|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
* '''2005–2012:''' The song was used as the opening theme song for the [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] television series ''[[Weeds (TV series)|Weeds]]''. The first season used Reynolds's version. In the second and third seasons, various artists and celebrities performed covers of the song for the different episodes. The song was not used regularly during seasons four through seven, but was covered by various artists in the eighth and final season. See also: [[Weeds (TV series)#Opening music|opening music of ''Weeds'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/earshot/weeds-theme-steve-martin-kevin-nealon-348686|title='Weeds' Revives 'Little Boxes' Theme With Ben Folds, Steve Martin|work=hollywoodreporter.com|date=12 July 2012 |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
* '''2005:''' The song is sung by both [[Keith Carradine]] (as "Elton Tripp") and [[Kate Mara]] (as "Zoe Tripp") in the film ''[[The Californians (film)|The Californians]]''<ref>''The Californians'' Soundtrack [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByXxL_Nie6E&list=PLfLnSEJd3Za3Ceqs5VfQLAtBo5WFO6F-N&index=13 "Little Boxes"] ''[[YouTube]]''</ref>
* '''2005:''' The song is sung by both [[Keith Carradine]] (as "Elton Tripp") and [[Kate Mara]] (as "Zoe Tripp") in the film ''[[The Californians (film)|The Californians]]''<ref>''The Californians'' Soundtrack [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByXxL_Nie6E&list=PLfLnSEJd3Za3Ceqs5VfQLAtBo5WFO6F-N&index=13 "Little Boxes"] ''[[YouTube]]''</ref>
* '''2006:''' A book about [[Westlake, Daly City, California]], ''Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb'', is named for the song.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb]] |first=Rob |last=Keil |location=Daly City, CA |publisher=Advection Media |date=October 2006 |isbn=978-0-9779236-4-9}}</ref>
* '''2006:''' A book about [[Westlake, Daly City, California]], ''Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb'', is named for the song.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb]] |first=Rob |last=Keil |location=Daly City, CA |publisher=Advection Media |date=October 2006 |isbn=978-0-9779236-4-9}}</ref>
* '''2013:''' A re-worded version of the song, written by Sniffy Dog, was used in a UK TV commercial for mobile telephone operator [[O2 (UK)|O2]]. Three versions are known to have been broadcast: one sung by Adrienne Stiefel<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Paul|title=O2 – Things Are Changing|url=http://www.tvadmusic.co.uk/2012/03/o2-things-are-changing/|publisher=tvadmusic.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref> and another by Jedd Holden,<ref name="tvad">{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Paul|title=O2 Priority Moments – Things Are Changing|url=http://www.tvadmusic.co.uk/2012/03/o2-priority-moments-things-are-changing/|publisher=tvadmusic.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref> while the third is an instrumental version.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Paul|title=O2 – On & On|url=http://www.tvadmusic.co.uk/2012/04/o2-on-on/|publisher=tvadmusic.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref>
* '''2013:''' A re-worded version of the song, written by Sniffy Dog, was used in a UK TV commercial for mobile telephone operator [[O2 (UK)|O2]]. Three versions are known to have been broadcast: one sung by Adrienne Stiefel<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Paul|title=O2 – Things Are Changing|date=8 March 2012 |url=http://www.tvadmusic.co.uk/2012/03/o2-things-are-changing/|publisher=tvadmusic.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref> and another by Jedd Holden,<ref name="tvad">{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Paul|title=O2 Priority Moments – Things Are Changing|date=23 March 2012 |url=http://www.tvadmusic.co.uk/2012/03/o2-priority-moments-things-are-changing/|publisher=tvadmusic.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref> while the third is an instrumental version.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Paul|title=O2 – On & On|date=13 April 2012 |url=http://www.tvadmusic.co.uk/2012/04/o2-on-on/|publisher=tvadmusic.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref>
* '''2014:''' A variation of "Little Boxes" appears in the film ''[[The Boxtrolls]]'', performed by the band [[Loch Lomond (band)|Loch Lomond]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Rooney|first1=David|title=A villainous troll catcher sets out to eradicate the underclass and join the cheese-eating elite in the latest from the animation house behind 'Coraline' and 'ParaNorman'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/boxtrolls/review/729292|access-date=8 March 2015|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=30 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pagan|first1=Beatrice|title=BOXTROLLS - LE SCATOLE MAGICHE: LA COLONNA SONORA|url=http://movieplayer.it/articoli/boxtrolls-le-scatole-magiche-la-colonna-sonora_13422/|access-date=9 March 2015|publisher=Movie Player|date=5 October 2014|language=it}}</ref>
* '''2014:''' A variation of "Little Boxes" appears in the film ''[[The Boxtrolls]]'', performed by the band [[Loch Lomond (band)|Loch Lomond]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Rooney|first1=David|title=A villainous troll catcher sets out to eradicate the underclass and join the cheese-eating elite in the latest from the animation house behind 'Coraline' and 'ParaNorman'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/boxtrolls/review/729292|access-date=8 March 2015|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=30 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pagan|first1=Beatrice|title=BOXTROLLS - LE SCATOLE MAGICHE: LA COLONNA SONORA|url=http://movieplayer.it/articoli/boxtrolls-le-scatole-magiche-la-colonna-sonora_13422/|access-date=9 March 2015|publisher=Movie Player|date=5 October 2014|language=it}}</ref>
* '''2019:''' A remixed portion of "Little Boxes" appears in the trailer for the film ''[[Escape Room (2019 film)|Escape Room]]'', and its tune is used in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.what-song.com/Movies/Soundtrack/102784/Escape-Room|title=Escape Room (2019) Soundtrack - Complete List of Songs {{!}} WhatSong|website=What-song|language=en-us|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ihorror.com/robitels-escape-room-trailer-is-a-tricky-treat/|title=Robitel's 'Escape Room' Trailer is a Tricky Treat|last=Rawles|first=Timothy|date=2018-10-20|publisher=iHorror {{!}} Horror News and Movie Reviews|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref>
* '''2019:''' A remixed portion of "Little Boxes" appears in the trailer for the film ''[[Escape Room (2019 film)|Escape Room]]'', and its tune is used in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.what-song.com/Movies/Soundtrack/102784/Escape-Room|title=Escape Room (2019) Soundtrack - Complete List of Songs {{!}} WhatSong|website=What-song|language=en-us|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ihorror.com/robitels-escape-room-trailer-is-a-tricky-treat/|title=Robitel's 'Escape Room' Trailer is a Tricky Treat|last=Rawles|first=Timothy|date=2018-10-20|publisher=iHorror {{!}} Horror News and Movie Reviews|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref>
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[[Category:Pete Seeger songs]]
[[Category:Pete Seeger songs]]
[[Category:Protest songs]]
[[Category:Protest songs]]
[[Category:San Mateo County, California]]
[[Category:San Mateo County, California in fiction]]
[[Category:Songs written by Malvina Reynolds]]
[[Category:Songs written by Malvina Reynolds]]
[[Category:Works about suburbs]]
[[Category:Works about suburbs]]

Revision as of 08:46, 24 February 2024

"Little Boxes"
Song by Pete Seeger
Released1963
Songwriter(s)Malvina Reynolds
Official audio
"Little Boxes" on Youtube
Part of a series on
Living spaces
Main
Issues
Society and politics
Other
Aerial view of tract housing in Daly City, California, a suburb of San Francisco, which inspired Reynolds to write the song

"Little Boxes" is a song written and composed by Malvina Reynolds in 1962. The song was first released by her friend, Pete Seeger, in 1963, and became his only charting single in January 1964.

The song is a social satire[citation needed] about the development of suburbia and associated conformist middle-class attitudes. It mocks suburban tract housing as "little boxes" of different colors "all made out of ticky-tacky" and which "all look just the same". "Ticky-tacky" is a reference to the shoddy material supposedly used in the construction of the houses.[1]

Background

Reynolds was a folk singer-songwriter and political activist in the 1960s and 1970s. Nancy Reynolds, her daughter, explained that her mother wrote the song after seeing the housing developments around Daly City, California, built in the post-war era by Henry Doelger, particularly the neighborhoods of Southern Hills on San Bruno Mountain:[2]

"My mother and father were driving South from San Francisco through Daly City when my mom got the idea for the song. She asked my dad to take the wheel, and she wrote it on the way to the gathering in La Honda where she was going to sing for the Friends Committee on Legislation. When Time magazine (I think, maybe Newsweek) wanted a photo of her pointing to the very place, she couldn't find those houses because so many more had been built around them that the hillsides were totally covered."

Reynolds later released her version on her 1967 Columbia Records album Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth,[3] and it can also be found on the Smithsonian Folkways Records 2000 CD re-issue of Ear to the Ground. However, Pete Seeger's 1963 rendition of the song is known internationally, and it reached No. 70 in the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1964, his sole charting single.[4] Also a political activist, Seeger was a friend of Reynolds, and, like many others in the 1960s, he used folk songs as a medium for social protest.

Reception and analysis

The effectiveness of the satire was attested to by a university professor quoted in 1964 in Zeit magazine as saying, "I've been lecturing my classes about middle-class conformity for a whole semester. Here's a song that says it all in 1+1⁄2 minutes;"[5] however, according to Christopher Hitchens, satirist Tom Lehrer described "Little Boxes" as "the most sanctimonious song ever written".[6]

Historian Nell Irvin Painter points out that the conformity described in "Little Boxes" was not entirely a bad thing, indicative as it was of "a process of going to university to be doctors and lawyers and business executives" who "came out all the same" and then lived in "nice, new neighborhoods with good new schools. ... Suburbia may be monotone, but it was a sameness to be striven toward."[7]

The term "ticky-tacky" became a catchphrase during the 1960s, attesting to the song's popularity.[5]

Covers

The song has been recorded by many musicians and bands, some of whom have arranged and translated the song to meet their styles. Perhaps one of the most well-known covers is by The Womenfolk, whose 1964 version of the song was (until 2016[8]) the shortest single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, at 1 minute 2 seconds, peaking at No. 83.[9] Spanish songwriter Adolfo Celdrán wrote the first Spanish version of the song, called "Cajitas", which was released in 1969 and had several successive reissues. Another Spanish version of the song, "Las Casitas del Barrio Alto", was written by the Chilean songwriter Víctor Jara in 1971, depicting in a mocking way the over-Europeanized and bourgeois lifestyle of the residents of the "Barrio Alto" (high-class neighborhood) in Santiago de Chile.[10]

  • 1964: The song was performed on the NBC satirical television program That Was the Week That Was on April 13, 1964, sung by Nancy Ames and accompanied by a film montage by Guy Fraumeni and Lou Myers depicting tract housing and other related images.
  • 1975: In the novel Ecotopia by Ernest Callenbach, describing a secessionist ecological utopia in the western United States, the protagonist (visiting the country as a US journalist) is informed that "cheaply built houses in newer districts" are scornfully referred to as "ticky-tacky boxes" by the population.[11]
  • 1980s: Russ Abbot took the music to the song and its general theme to satirize The Spinners, a contemporary popular folk group whose songs apparently "all sound the same", as a parody act "The Spanners" on his 1980s London Weekend Television Madhouse series.[12]
  • 2005–2012: The song was used as the opening theme song for the Showtime television series Weeds. The first season used Reynolds's version. In the second and third seasons, various artists and celebrities performed covers of the song for the different episodes. The song was not used regularly during seasons four through seven, but was covered by various artists in the eighth and final season. See also: opening music of Weeds.[13]
  • 2005: The song is sung by both Keith Carradine (as "Elton Tripp") and Kate Mara (as "Zoe Tripp") in the film The Californians[14]
  • 2006: A book about Westlake, Daly City, California, Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb, is named for the song.[15]
  • 2013: A re-worded version of the song, written by Sniffy Dog, was used in a UK TV commercial for mobile telephone operator O2. Three versions are known to have been broadcast: one sung by Adrienne Stiefel[16] and another by Jedd Holden,[17] while the third is an instrumental version.[18]
  • 2014: A variation of "Little Boxes" appears in the film The Boxtrolls, performed by the band Loch Lomond.[19][20]
  • 2019: A remixed portion of "Little Boxes" appears in the trailer for the film Escape Room, and its tune is used in the film.[21][22]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ticky-tacky". G. & C. Merriam. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  2. ^ "Artist Spotlight: Malvina Reynolds". HomeGrown Humor. Showtime Networks. July 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
  3. ^ Reynolds, Malvina. Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth, Columbia Records, 1967. CS-9414
  4. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2013). Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 14th Edition: 1955-2012. Record Research. p. 749.
  5. ^ a b "Tacky into the Wind". Time. February 28, 1964. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007.
  6. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (December 2008). "Suburbs of Our Discontent". Atlantic Monthly.
  7. ^ Painter, Nell Irvin (2010) The History of White People. New York: Norton. p.369. ISBN 978-0-393-33974-1
  8. ^ "Piko-Taro's 'PPAP' Is the Shortest Song Ever on Billboard Hot 100". billboard.com. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  9. ^ "The Womenfolk Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
  10. ^ Mularski, Jedrek (2014). Music, Politics, and Nationalism In Latin America: Chile During the Cold War Era. Cambria Press. p. 94. ISBN 9781621967378.
  11. ^ Callenbach, Ernest (1975). Ecotopia (Google Books). Banyan Tree Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-9604320-1-1.
  12. ^ Abbott, Russ (ndg) "The Spanners - We're A Folk Group" YouTube
  13. ^ "'Weeds' Revives 'Little Boxes' Theme With Ben Folds, Steve Martin". hollywoodreporter.com. 12 July 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  14. ^ The Californians Soundtrack "Little Boxes" YouTube
  15. ^ Keil, Rob (October 2006). Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb. Daly City, CA: Advection Media. ISBN 978-0-9779236-4-9.
  16. ^ Brown, Paul (8 March 2012). "O2 – Things Are Changing". tvadmusic.co.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  17. ^ Brown, Paul (23 March 2012). "O2 Priority Moments – Things Are Changing". tvadmusic.co.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  18. ^ Brown, Paul (13 April 2012). "O2 – On & On". tvadmusic.co.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  19. ^ Rooney, David (30 August 2014). "A villainous troll catcher sets out to eradicate the underclass and join the cheese-eating elite in the latest from the animation house behind 'Coraline' and 'ParaNorman'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  20. ^ Pagan, Beatrice (5 October 2014). "BOXTROLLS - LE SCATOLE MAGICHE: LA COLONNA SONORA" (in Italian). Movie Player. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  21. ^ "Escape Room (2019) Soundtrack - Complete List of Songs | WhatSong". What-song. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  22. ^ Rawles, Timothy (2018-10-20). "Robitel's 'Escape Room' Trailer is a Tricky Treat". iHorror | Horror News and Movie Reviews. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
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