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{{Short description|Castle in South Ayrshire, Scotland}}
{{Short description|Castle in South Ayrshire, Scotland}}
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| designation1_offname = HIGH STREET, MAYBOLE CASTLE, GARDEN WALLS AND GATEPIERS
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'''Maybole Castle''' is a 16th century castle located on the high street in [[Maybole]], [[South Ayrshire]], Scotland. Originally built for the [[Earls of Cassillis]], it is an L-shaped construction with Victorian two-storey extensions. It is associated with a legend of [[John Faa]], in which an Earl killed Faa and imprisoned his wife, the Countess of Cassilis, in the castle.


⚫
'''Maybole Castle''' is a 16th-century castle located on High Street in [[Maybole]], [[South Ayrshire]], Scotland. Originally built for the [[Earls of Cassillis]], it is an L-shaped construction with Victorian two-storey extensions. It is associated with a legend of [[John Faa]], in which an earl killed Faa and imprisoned his wife, the Countess of Cassilis, in the castle.
⚫
The castle became a [[listed building#Scotland|category A listed building]] in 1971. It was added to the [[Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland]] in 2009, before receiving funding in the early 21st century for renovations.

⚫
The castle became a [[listed building#Scotland|Category A listed building]] in 1971. It was added to the [[Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland]] in 2009, before receiving funding in the early 21st century for renovations.


== Description ==
== Description ==
The castle is located on the high street, which links the castle to the [[Maybole Town Hall]].<ref name="undiscoveredscotland" />
The castle is located on High Street, which links the castle to the [[Maybole Town Hall]].<ref name="undiscoveredscotland" />


It is a 16th century [[L-plan castle]], spanning four floors, and [[harled]]. Two corners feature circular [[corbelled]] [[bartizans]] with conical roofs.<ref name="plantagenet">{{cite book |last1=Somerset Fry |first1=Plantagenet |title=Castles : England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland : the definitive guide to the most impressive buildings and intriguing sites |date=2008 |publisher=David & Charles |location=Newton Abbot [England] |isbn=9780715326923 |page=156}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coventry |first1=Martin |title=The Castles of Scotland |date=1997 |publisher=Goblinshead |location=Edinburgh |isbn=1899874100 |edition=2nd |page=254}}</ref> The walls are up to {{convert|7|feet}} thick, although there is a lot of decorative stonework, including faces around one of the windows.<ref name="thecastlesofscotland">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecastlesofscotland.co.uk/the-best-castles/scenic-castles/maybole-castle/|title=Maybole Castle &#124; The Castles of Scotland, Coventry &#124; Goblinshead|website=www.thecastlesofscotland.co.uk}}</ref> Early 19th century additions include two-storey wings. The castle is located near [[Alloway]], the birthplace of [[Robert Burns]]. Burns's mother also lived in Maybole town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ayrshireandarran.com/maybole-castle/|title=Maybole Castle|website=Ayrshire and Arran}}</ref>
It is a 16th-century [[L-plan castle]], spanning four floors, and [[harled]]. Two corners feature circular [[corbelled]] [[bartizans]] with conical roofs on the north-east side.<ref name="plantagenet">{{cite book |last1=Somerset Fry |first1=Plantagenet |title=Castles : England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland : the definitive guide to the most impressive buildings and intriguing sites |date=2008 |publisher=David & Charles |location=Newton Abbot [England] |isbn=978-0-7153-2692-3 |page=156}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coventry |first1=Martin |title=The Castles of Scotland |date=1997 |publisher=Goblinshead |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-899874-10-1 |edition=2nd |page=254}}</ref> The walls are up to {{convert|7|feet}} thick, although there is a lot of decorative stonework, including faces around one the oriel window on the south-west side. A recessed area on the exterior of the tower originally displayed the coat of arms of the Cassillis family.<ref name="mayboleplaces" /> The original entrance was located at the bottom of the stair-tower, with the main hall, maids room and pantry on the first floor and the upper levels divided into multiple chambers.<ref name="thecastlesofscotland">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecastlesofscotland.co.uk/the-best-castles/scenic-castles/maybole-castle/ |title=Maybole Castle &#124; The Castles of Scotland, Coventry &#124; Goblinshead |website=www.thecastlesofscotland.co.uk}}</ref> The lower floor consists of vaulted cellars, as well as the kitchen and [[scullery]].<ref name="mayboleworkshop" /> Early 19th century additions include the two-storey wings on the west and south sides.<ref name="barr" />


== History ==
== History ==
=== Early use ===
[[Image:The Countess's Window - geograph.org.uk - 241392.jpg|thumb|left|The oriel window]]
[[Image:The Countess's Window - geograph.org.uk - 241392.jpg|thumb|left|The oriel window]]
The castle was originally a house of the [[Earls of Cassillis]], sometimes known as the "Kings of [[Carrick, Scotland|Carrick]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/|title=Maybole Castle|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref><ref name="rampantscotland">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/castles/blcastles_maybole.htm|title=Scottish Castles Photo Library - Maybole Castle, Ayrshire|website=www.rampantscotland.com}}</ref><ref name="scotland.org.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotland.org.uk/guide/castles/maybole-castle|title=Maybole Castle, Ayrshire in Scotland|website=www.scotland.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=James T. |title=Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks |date=1972 |publisher=Alloway Publishing |location=Ayr|chapter=Chapter 12: Buildings Past and Present|url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/buildings.htm|chapter-url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/countessandgypsy.htm}}</ref> It was built around 1560, and thought to have been originally for [[Gilbert Kennedy, 4th Earl of Cassilis]] or [[John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis]]. [[Margaret Kennedy, Countess of Cassilis]] wrote from the castle in 1578 about wishing to order some luxury items. The items included velvet for a cloak, and a locket, along with various other items.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Robert Vans-Agnew]]|url=https://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/archive/95305959?mode=fullsize|title=Correspondence of Sir Patrick Waus of Barnbarroch|volume=1|pages=192–3|date=1887|place=Edinburgh}}</ref>
The castle was originally a house of the [[Earls of Cassillis]], sometimes known as the "Kings of [[Carrick, Scotland|Carrick]]".<ref name="mayboleplaces">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/|title=Maybole Castle|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref><ref name="rampantscotland">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/castles/blcastles_maybole.htm|title=Scottish Castles Photo Library – Maybole Castle, Ayrshire|website=www.rampantscotland.com}}</ref><ref name="scotland.org.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotland.org.uk/guide/castles/maybole-castle|title=Maybole Castle, Ayrshire in Scotland|website=www.scotland.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=James T. |title=Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks |date=1972 |publisher=Alloway Publishing |location=Ayr|chapter=Chapter 12: Buildings Past and Present|url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/carrickscapital.htm|chapter-url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/buildings.htm}}</ref> It was built around 1560, and thought to have been originally for [[Gilbert Kennedy, 4th Earl of Cassilis]] or [[John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis]]. [[Margaret Kennedy, Countess of Cassilis]] wrote from the castle in 1578 about wishing to order some luxury items. The items included velvet for a cloak, and a locket, along with various other items.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Robert Vans-Agnew]]|url=https://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/archive/95305959?mode=fullsize|title=Correspondence of Sir Patrick Waus of Barnbarroch|volume=1|pages=192–3|date=1887|place=Edinburgh}}</ref>


⚫
Towards the end of the 16th century, a feud arose between the Earls of Cassilis and the Lairds of Bargany, following the actions of Thomas Kennedy regarding lands of an abbey in which the Earl had tortured the owner, Allan Stewart, to sign a lease. In 1601 this resulted in John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis, and 200 armed followers setting off from Maybole Castle and resulting in the death of [[Gilbert Kennedy of Bargany and Ardstinchar]] and some of his followers whilst on a ride from Ayr.<ref name="gazetteer">{{cite book|title=Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland|year=1847|chapter=Maybole|chapter-url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/09/10/maybole-pp-337-342/|pages=337–342|url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/03/29/gazetteer-of-scotland-1847/|publisher=A Fullarton & Co.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia|author1=George Way|author2=Romily Squire|date=1994|pages=136–137|isbn=978-0-00-470547-7|publisher=HarperCollins}}</ref> However the party were found not guilty of murder, and was instead noted as an act of service to the King<ref>''Register of the Privy Council of Scotland'', vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 347-350.</ref>
⚫
The castle is featured in the legend of [[John Faa]] (sometimes referred to as "[[King of the Gypsies]]"), ''The Countess and the Gypsy'', which is a version of the ballad ''[[The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]''. The legend says that Faa ran away with a Countess of Cassilis, and her husband the Earl hung Faa from a [[dule tree]]. He then imprisoned his wife in the castle for the rest of her life, before eventually remarrying. The Earl is also have said to have incorporated an [[oriel window]] into the castle for her to look out of, surrounded by carvings of the faces of Faa and his accomplices.<ref name="countess">{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=James T. |title=Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks |date=1972 |publisher=Alloway Publishing |location=Ayr|chapter=Chapter 26: The Countess and the Gypsy|url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/carrickscapital.htm|chapter-url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/countessandgypsy.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Robertson |first1=William |title=Historical tales and legends of Ayrshire |date=1889 |publisher=London: Hamilton, Adams & Co; Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison |chapter=Johnny Faa and the Earl of Cassillis' Lady |page=201 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaltalesl00robeiala/page/n3/mode/2up |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/historicaltalesl00robeiala/page/201/mode/2up}}</ref> The Earl is question is usually thought to be [[John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis]]; however, the oriel window was already in place before this time and the story is thought to be a work of fiction. Nonetheless, the window with the oriel window is still referred to as "The Countess's Room".<ref name="thecastlesofscotland" /> Some versions suggest the lady was [[Margaret Kennedy, Countess of Cassilis|Margaret Kennedy]], setting the story at an earlier date.<ref name="countess" />


⚫
It is one of a number of castles in and around Maybole, including [[Blairquhan Castle]], [[Culzean Castle]], [[Turnberry Castle]]. A 1686 census indicated Maybole included 28 lords and landowners who had estates in Carrick and the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitscotland.com/info/towns-villages/maybole-p242701|title=Maybole Visitor Guide – Accommodation, Things To Do & More|website=www.visitscotland.com}}</ref><ref name="undiscoveredscotland">{{Cite web|url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/maybole/maybole/index.html|title=Maybole Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland|website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk}}</ref>
⚫
Towards the end of the 16th century a feud arose between the Earls of Cassilis and the Lairds of Bargany, following the actions of Thomas Kennedy regarding lands of an abbey in which the Earl had tortured the owner, Allan Stewart, to sign a lease. In 1601 this resulted in [[John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis]] and 200 armed followers setting off from Maybole Castle and resulting in the death of [[Gilbert Kennedy of Bargany and Ardstinchar]] and some of his followers whilst on a ride from Ayr.<ref name="gazetteer">{{cite book|title=Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland|year=1847|chapter=Maybole|chapter-url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/09/10/maybole-pp-337-342/|pages=337–342|url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/03/29/gazetteer-of-scotland-1847/|publisher=A Fullarton & Co.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia|author1=George Way|author2=Romily Squire|date=1994|pages=136–137|isbn=0004705475|publisher=HarperCollins}}</ref> However the party were found not guilty of murder, and was instead noted as an act of service to the King<ref>''Register of the Privy Council of Scotland'', vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 347-350.</ref>


⚫
By the start of the 19th century, it had fallen into disrepair and in 1805 part of the original castle was demolished and the main entrance was modified.<ref name="rampantscotland" /><ref name="scotland.org.uk" /> Maybole became more accessible in the 19th century thanks to the efforts of Niven of Kirkbride who opened up roads through moats and outer fortified walls.<ref name="gazetteer" /><ref name="maybole2001" /> The castle was renovated and expanded with the addition of rubble-built two-storey gabled wings on the west and south sides, sometime before 1856.<ref name="barr" />
⚫
It is one of a number of castles in and around Maybole. A 1686 census indicated Maybole included 28 lords and landowners who had estates in Carrick and the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitscotland.com/info/towns-villages/maybole-p242701|title=Maybole Visitor Guide - Accommodation, Things To Do & More|website=www.visitscotland.com}}</ref><ref name="undiscoveredscotland">{{Cite web|url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/maybole/maybole/index.html|title=Maybole Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland|website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk}}</ref>


⚫
Around 1837, [[Robert Brandard]] produced an engraving of the castle,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oldantiqueprints.com/product_info.php?products_id=49569|title=Antique Prints & Drawings &#124; Maybole Castle – South Ayrshire (Scotland) &#124; Intaglio print &#124; 1837|website=www.oldantiqueprints.com}}</ref> based on original works by [[William Henry Bartlett]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Scotland. Illustrated in a Series of Views Taken Expressly for This Work by Messrs., T. Allom, W.H. Bartlett and H. M'Culloch|date=1838|publisher=London: George Virtue}}</ref> Later, in the 1890s, architect and artist [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] examined the castle as part of this own "perpetual interest in recording the decorative details of the buildings of the 'old national style'". His drawings showed the location of damage to the harling which revealed the masonry underneath. It also recorded details of the decorative stonework.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/ws-nts/Production/assets/downloads/TheHillHouseConditionandSignificance_July2012.pdf?mtime=20191113074620|author=Andrew PK Wright|title=The Hill House, Helensburgh: Evaluation of condition and significance|date=July 2012|pages=12|publisher=National Trust for Scotland}}</ref>
⚫
By the start of the 19th century it had fallen into disrepair, and in the 1800s part of the original castle was demolished and the main entrance was modified.<ref name="scotland.org.uk" /><ref name="rampantscotland" /> Maybole became more accessible in the 19th century thanks to the efforts of Niven of Kirkbride who opened up roads through moats and outer fortified walls.<ref name="gazetteer" /><ref name="maybole2001" /> The castle was renovated and expanded with the addition of rubble-built two-storey gabled wings on the west and south sides, sometime before 1856.<ref name="barr" />


=== Legend of John Faa ===
⚫
Around 1837 [[Robert Brandard]] produced an engraving of the castle,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oldantiqueprints.com/product_info.php?products_id=49569|title=Antique Prints & Drawings &#124; Maybole Castle - South Ayrshire (Scotland) &#124; Intaglio print &#124; 1837|website=www.oldantiqueprints.com}}</ref> based on original works by [[William Henry Bartlett]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Scotland. Illustrated in a Series of Views Taken Expressly for This Work by Messrs., T. Allom, W.H. Bartlett and H. M'Culloch|date=1838|publisher=London: George Virtue}}</ref> Later, in the 1890s, architect and artist [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] examined the castle. His drawings showed the location of damage to the harling which revealed the masonry underneath. It also recorded details of the decorative stonework.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/ws-nts/Production/assets/downloads/TheHillHouseConditionandSignificance_July2012.pdf?mtime=20191113074620|author=Andrew PK Wright|title=The Hill House, Helensburgh: Evaluation of condition and significance|date=July 2012|pages=12|publisher=National Trust for Scotland}}</ref>
⚫
The castle is featured in the legend of [[John Faa]] (sometimes referred to as "[[King of the Gypsies]]"), ''The Countess and the Gypsy'', which is a version of the ballad ''[[The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]''. The legend says that Faa ran away with a Countess of Cassilis, and her husband, the Earl, hung Faa from a [[dule tree]]. He then imprisoned his wife in the castle for the rest of her life, before eventually remarrying. The Earl is also have said to have incorporated an [[oriel window]] into the castle for her to look out of, surrounded by carvings of the faces of Faa and his accomplices.<ref name="countess">{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=James T. |title=Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks |date=1972 |publisher=Alloway Publishing |location=Ayr|chapter=Chapter 26: The Countess and the Gypsy|url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/carrickscapital.htm|chapter-url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/countessandgypsy.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Robertson |first1=William |title=Historical tales and legends of Ayrshire |date=1889 |publisher=London: Hamilton, Adams & Co; Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison |chapter=Johnny Faa and the Earl of Cassillis' Lady |page=201 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaltalesl00robeiala/page/n3/mode/2up |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/historicaltalesl00robeiala/page/201/mode/2up}}</ref> The Earl in question is usually thought by historians to be [[John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis]]; however, the oriel window was already in place before this time and the story is thought to be a work of fiction. Nonetheless, the window with the oriel window is still referred to as "The Countess's Room".<ref name="thecastlesofscotland" /> Some versions suggest the lady was Margaret Kennedy, setting the story at an earlier date.<ref name="countess" />


=== 20th century ===
In 1919 a fire broke out at the castle. Although only basic equipment was available at the time, the damage to the castle was limited to the roof and has since been repaired.<ref name="scotland.org.uk" /> A photograph of spectators by the fire is found in the Maybole News Archive from July 2001.<ref name="maybole2001">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/news/archives/july2001.htm|title=Maybole News Archives: July 2001|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref> It become a [[listed building#Scotland|category A listed building]] in April 1974, along with its rubble-built garden walls.<ref name="listed">{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB37709|desc=HIGH STREET, MAYBOLE CASTLE, GARDEN WALLS AND GATEPIERS|cat=A}}</ref>
In 1919, a fire broke out at the castle. Although only basic equipment was available at the time, the damage to the castle was limited to the roof and has since been repaired.<ref name="scotland.org.uk" /> Writing in 2001, local historian Davie Hunter said that charred timbers could still be seen in the roofspace.<ref name="maybole2001">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/news/archives/july2001.htm|title=Maybole News Archives: July 2001|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref> It become a [[listed building#Scotland|category A listed building]] in April 1974, along with its rubble-built garden walls, in recognition of its national importance as the town mansion of the Earls of Cassillis.<ref name="listed">{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB37709|desc=HIGH STREET, MAYBOLE CASTLE, GARDEN WALLS AND GATEPIERS|cat=A}}</ref>
[[Image:The Victorian extension to Maybole Castle - geograph.org.uk - 2093482.jpg|thumb|right|The Victorian extension to Maybole Castle]]
[[Image:The Victorian extension to Maybole Castle - geograph.org.uk - 2093482.jpg|thumb|right|The Victorian extension to Maybole Castle]]


== 21st century ==
=== 21st century ===
The castle is still thought to be the oldest inhabited dwelling in Maybole,<ref name="plantagenet" /> and is part of the Maybole Outstanding [[Conservation Area]], which includes a number of other listed buildings and green spaces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regeneratingmaybole.scot/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Maintenance-Guide-Brochure.pdf|title=Maybole Town Centre Regeneration: Maintaining & Repairing Maybole's Traditional Buildings|page=4|website=www.regeneratingmaybole.scot}}</ref> It was added to the [[Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland]] in 2009,<ref name="barr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/details/911348|title=Maybole Castle, High Street, Maybole &#124; Buildings at Risk Register|website=www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk}}</ref> and the Maybole Castle Community Trust was registered as a charity the same year to help restore it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscr.org.uk/about-charities/search-the-register/charity-details?number=SC040827|title=OSCR &#124; Charity Details: Maybole Castle Community Trust, SC040827|website=www.oscr.org.uk}}</ref> At the time the first two floors were in use but the upper floors were vacant, and a number of maintenance issues were identified, especially regarding the roofs and water ingress issues.<ref name="barr" />
The castle is still thought to be the oldest inhabited dwelling in Maybole,<ref name="plantagenet" /> and is part of the Maybole Outstanding [[Conservation Area]], which includes a number of other listed buildings and green spaces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regeneratingmaybole.scot/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Maintenance-Guide-Brochure.pdf|title=Maybole Town Centre Regeneration: Maintaining & Repairing Maybole's Traditional Buildings|page=4|website=www.regeneratingmaybole.scot}}</ref> It was added to the [[Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland]] in 2009,<ref name="barr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/details/911348|title=Maybole Castle, High Street, Maybole &#124; Buildings at Risk Register|website=www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk}}</ref> and the Maybole Castle Community Trust was registered as a charity the same year to help restore it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscr.org.uk/about-charities/search-the-register/charity-details?number=SC040827|title=OSCR &#124; Charity Details: Maybole Castle Community Trust, SC040827|website=www.oscr.org.uk}}</ref> At the time the first two floors were in use but the upper floors were vacant, and a number of maintenance issues were identified, especially regarding the roofs and water ingress issues.<ref name="barr" />


In 2010 options were reviewed regarding the path forward for the castle, which included a presentation of present floor plans and a review of the physical condition of the building. A mix of both commercial and community usages for the was proposed for the castle, which is still owned by the Kennedy family. Strathclyde Building Preservation Trust was the project co-ordinator.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/workshop.htm|title=Maybole Castle Community Project - Options Appraisal Workshop|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/project.htm|title=Maybole Castle Community Project|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/new-future-for-maybole-castle-2428193|title=New future for Maybole Castle|first=Edwin|last=Lawrence|date=January 8, 2010|website=Daily Record}}</ref> Following this in 2011 a grant of £110k was announced to aid repairs of the castle through the Maybole Castle Community Trust,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/cash-keep-maybole-castle-2413779|title=Cash to keep for Maybole Castle|first=Edwin|last=Lawrence|date=October 13, 2011|website=Daily Record}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scottishcastlesassociation.com/news/news-features/maybole-castle.htm|title=Maybole Castle &#124; Scottish Castles Association|website=www.scottishcastlesassociation.com|date=9 Feb 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13227097.maybole-castle-wins-repair-grant/|title=Maybole Castle wins repair grant|website=Glasgow Times|date=11 October 2011}}</ref> along with a smaller £10k grant to cover surveying and reporting fees.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tnlcommunityfund.org.uk/funding/grants/0030056145 | title=Maybole Castle Community Trust - Project |publisher=The National Lottery Community Fund}}</ref>
In 2010, options were reviewed regarding the path forward for the castle, which included a presentation of present floor plans and a review of the physical condition of the building. A mix of both commercial and community usage was proposed for the castle, which is still owned by the Kennedy family. Strathclyde Building Preservation Trust was the project co-ordinator.<ref name="mayboleworkshop">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/workshop.htm|title=Maybole Castle Community Project – Options Appraisal Workshop|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/project.htm|title=Maybole Castle Community Project|website=www.maybole.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/new-future-for-maybole-castle-2428193|title=New future for Maybole Castle|first=Edwin|last=Lawrence|date=8 January 2010|website=Daily Record}}</ref> Following this in 2011, a grant of £110k was announced to aid repairs of the castle through the Maybole Castle Community Trust,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/cash-keep-maybole-castle-2413779|title=Cash to keep for Maybole Castle|first=Edwin|last=Lawrence|date=13 October 2011|website=Daily Record}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scottishcastlesassociation.com/news/news-features/maybole-castle.htm|title=Maybole Castle &#124; Scottish Castles Association|website=www.scottishcastlesassociation.com|date=9 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13227097.maybole-castle-wins-repair-grant/|title=Maybole Castle wins repair grant|website=Glasgow Times|date=11 October 2011}}</ref> along with a smaller £10k grant to cover surveying and reporting fees.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tnlcommunityfund.org.uk/funding/grants/0030056145 | title=Maybole Castle Community Trust – Project |publisher=The National Lottery Community Fund}}</ref>


By 2021, Collective Architecture were contracted as a conservation accredited [[adviser]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://museuminsider.co.uk/public-tender-awards/maybole-castle-conservation-accredited-adviser-award-2/ | title=Maybole Castle: Conservation Accredited Adviser (Award) | date=7 July 2021 }}</ref> and further £729k of funding from the [[Scottish Government]] Regeneration Capital Grant Fund was announced for renovations, as part of a wider Maybole regeneration scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/historic-maybole-castle-set-to-thanks-to-funding-boost/|title=Historic Maybole Castle set for transformation thanks to funding boost|date=February 22, 2021|website=InYourArea.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayradvertiser.com/news/19128538.maybole-castle-will-visitor-attraction-thanks-729k-grant/|title=Maybole castle will be a visitor attraction thanks to £729k grant|website=Ayr Advertiser|date=4 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.maybole.org/news/2021/Issue%2012_9x%20sm%20file.pdf|title=Exciting transformation planned for historic Maybole Castle|page=3|date=Spring 2021|publisher=North Carrick Community News}}</ref> Mark Fletcher, Chair of Maybole Community Council, was quoted as saying "This generous grant from Scottish Government secures a sustainable future for the castle. It's an iconic building in the town and we can now look forward to a fully revitalised high street that will make Maybole an even better town to live, work and visit."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.south-ayrshire.gov.uk/article/27237/Exciting-transformation-planned-for-historic-Maybole-Castle|title=Exciting transformation planned for historic Maybole Castle|website=South Ayrshire Council|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Work is expected to start late 2022 and take up to 14 months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.regeneratingmaybole.scot/priority-projects-for-2022/|title=Priority Projects for 2022 : Maybole Towncente Regeneration|first=Angela|last=Cameron|date=August 8, 2022}}</ref>
By 2021, Collective Architecture was contracted as a conservation accredited [[adviser]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://museuminsider.co.uk/public-tender-awards/maybole-castle-conservation-accredited-adviser-award-2/ | title=Maybole Castle: Conservation Accredited Adviser (Award) | date=7 July 2021 }}</ref> and further £729k of funding from the [[Scottish Government]] Regeneration Capital Grant Fund was announced for renovations, as part of a wider Maybole regeneration scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/historic-maybole-castle-set-to-thanks-to-funding-boost/|title=Historic Maybole Castle set for transformation thanks to funding boost|date=22 February 2021|website=InYourArea.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayradvertiser.com/news/19128538.maybole-castle-will-visitor-attraction-thanks-729k-grant/|title=Maybole castle will be a visitor attraction thanks to £729k grant|website=Ayr Advertiser|date=4 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.maybole.org/news/2021/Issue%2012_9x%20sm%20file.pdf|title=Exciting transformation planned for historic Maybole Castle|page=3|date=Spring 2021|publisher=North Carrick Community News}}</ref> Mark Fletcher, Chair of Maybole Community Council, was quoted as saying "This generous grant from Scottish Government secures a sustainable future for the castle. It's an iconic building in the town and we can now look forward to a fully revitalised high street that will make Maybole an even better town to live, work and visit."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.south-ayrshire.gov.uk/article/27237/Exciting-transformation-planned-for-historic-Maybole-Castle|title=Exciting transformation planned for historic Maybole Castle|website=South Ayrshire Council|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Work is expected to start late 2022 and take up to 14 months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.regeneratingmaybole.scot/priority-projects-for-2022/|title=Priority Projects for 2022 : Maybole Towncente Regeneration|first=Angela|last=Cameron|date=8 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.regeneratingmaybole.scot/maybole-castle-construction-works-to-begin/|title="Maybole Castle construction works to begin!|date=21 February 2023}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Clan Kennedy]]
* [[Clan Kennedy]]
* [[Blairquhan Castle]]
* [[Culzean Castle]]
* [[Turnberry Castle]]


==References==
==References==
Line 104: Line 107:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
⚫
* {{cite book |title=Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland|year=1847|chapter=Maybole|chapter-url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/09/10/maybole-pp-337-342/|pages=337–342|url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/03/29/gazetteer-of-scotland-1847/|publisher=A Fullarton & Co.}}
⚫
*{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=James T. |title=Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks |date=1972 |publisher=Alloway Publishing |location=Ayr|url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/carrickscapital.htm}}
⚫
* {{cite book|title=The baronial and ecclesiastical antiquities of Scotland illustrated|author1=Robert William Billings|author2=John Hill Burton|date=1845|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfIHAAAAQAAJ}}
*{{cite book |last1=Dennison |first1=E. Patricia |title=Historic Maybole : Archaeology and Development |date=2005 |publisher=The Council for British Archaeology for Historic Scotland |location=Edinburgh |isbn=1902771516}}
* {{cite book |last1=Dennison |first1=E. Patricia |title=Historic Maybole : Archaeology and Development |date=2005 |publisher=The Council for British Archaeology for Historic Scotland |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-902771-51-9}}
⚫
*{{cite book|title=Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland|year=1847|chapter=Maybole|chapter-url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/09/10/maybole-pp-337-342/|pages=337–342|url=https://randomscottishhistory.com/2020/03/29/gazetteer-of-scotland-1847/|publisher=A Fullarton & Co.}}
⚫
* {{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=James T. |title=Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks |date=1972 |publisher=Alloway Publishing |location=Ayr|url=https://www.maybole.org/history/books/carricks%20capital/carrickscapital.htm}}
⚫
*{{cite book|title=The baronial and ecclesiastical antiquities of Scotland illustrated|author1=Robert William Billings|author2=John Hill Burton|date=1845|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_baronial_and_ecclesiastical_antiquit/xfIHAAAAQAAJ}}
*{{cite book |last1=Love |first1=Dane |title=Ayrshire: Discovering a county |chapter=Maybole and Kirkoswald |date=2003 |publisher=Fort |location=Ayr |isbn=0954446119 |pages=290–312}}
* {{cite book |last1=Love |first1=Dane |title=Ayrshire: Discovering a county |chapter=Maybole and Kirkoswald |date=2003 |publisher=Fort |location=Ayr |isbn=978-0-9544461-1-6 |pages=290–312}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
*{{official|https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/}}
*{{official|https://www.maybole.org/places/maybolecastle/}}
*[https://canmore.org.uk/site/41650/maybole-2-4-high-street-the-castle Maybole, The Castle] [[CANMORE]] entry
*{{Cite web|url=https://ayrshireandarran.com/maybole-castle/|title=Maybole Castle|website=Ayrshire and Arran}}
*[https://canmore.org.uk/site/41650/maybole-2-4-high-street-the-castle Maybole, The Castle] [[Canmore (database)|Canmore]] entry


{{Carrick|state=collapsed}}
{{Carrick|state=collapsed}}
{{Castles in South Ayrshire}}
{{Castles in South Ayrshire}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maybole Castle}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maybole Castle}}
[[Category:Castles in South Ayrshire]]
[[Category:Castles in South Ayrshire]]

Revision as of 20:15, 25 February 2024

Maybole Castle
View of Maybole Castle
StandortMaybole
Coordinates55°21′17″N 4°40′52″W / 55.3548°N 4.6810°W / 55.3548; -4.6810
OS grid referenceNS 30130 10029
Built16th century
Listed Building – Category A
Official nameHigh Street, Maybole Castle, Garden Walls and Gatepiers
Designated14 April 1971
Reference no.LB37709
Maybole Castle is located in South Ayrshire
Maybole Castle
Location of Maybole Castle in South Ayrshire

Maybole Castle is a 16th-century castle located on High Street in Maybole, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Originally built for the Earls of Cassillis, it is an L-shaped construction with Victorian two-storey extensions. It is associated with a legend of John Faa, in which an earl killed Faa and imprisoned his wife, the Countess of Cassilis, in the castle.

The castle became a Category A listed building in 1971. It was added to the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland in 2009, before receiving funding in the early 21st century for renovations.

Description

The castle is located on High Street, which links the castle to the Maybole Town Hall.[1]

It is a 16th-century L-plan castle, spanning four floors, and harled. Two corners feature circular corbelled bartizans with conical roofs on the north-east side.[2][3] The walls are up to 7 feet (2.1 m) thick, although there is a lot of decorative stonework, including faces around one the oriel window on the south-west side. A recessed area on the exterior of the tower originally displayed the coat of arms of the Cassillis family.[4] The original entrance was located at the bottom of the stair-tower, with the main hall, maids room and pantry on the first floor and the upper levels divided into multiple chambers.[5] The lower floor consists of vaulted cellars, as well as the kitchen and scullery.[6] Early 19th century additions include the two-storey wings on the west and south sides.[7]

History

Early use

The oriel window

The castle was originally a house of the Earls of Cassillis, sometimes known as the "Kings of Carrick".[4][8][9][10] It was built around 1560, and thought to have been originally for Gilbert Kennedy, 4th Earl of Cassilis or John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis. Margaret Kennedy, Countess of Cassilis wrote from the castle in 1578 about wishing to order some luxury items. The items included velvet for a cloak, and a locket, along with various other items.[11]

Towards the end of the 16th century, a feud arose between the Earls of Cassilis and the Lairds of Bargany, following the actions of Thomas Kennedy regarding lands of an abbey in which the Earl had tortured the owner, Allan Stewart, to sign a lease. In 1601 this resulted in John Kennedy, 5th Earl of Cassilis, and 200 armed followers setting off from Maybole Castle and resulting in the death of Gilbert Kennedy of Bargany and Ardstinchar and some of his followers whilst on a ride from Ayr.[12][13] However the party were found not guilty of murder, and was instead noted as an act of service to the King[14]

It is one of a number of castles in and around Maybole, including Blairquhan Castle, Culzean Castle, Turnberry Castle. A 1686 census indicated Maybole included 28 lords and landowners who had estates in Carrick and the surrounding area.[15][1]

By the start of the 19th century, it had fallen into disrepair and in 1805 part of the original castle was demolished and the main entrance was modified.[8][9] Maybole became more accessible in the 19th century thanks to the efforts of Niven of Kirkbride who opened up roads through moats and outer fortified walls.[12][16] The castle was renovated and expanded with the addition of rubble-built two-storey gabled wings on the west and south sides, sometime before 1856.[7]

Around 1837, Robert Brandard produced an engraving of the castle,[17] based on original works by William Henry Bartlett.[18] Later, in the 1890s, architect and artist Charles Rennie Mackintosh examined the castle as part of this own "perpetual interest in recording the decorative details of the buildings of the 'old national style'". His drawings showed the location of damage to the harling which revealed the masonry underneath. It also recorded details of the decorative stonework.[19]

Legend of John Faa

The castle is featured in the legend of John Faa (sometimes referred to as "King of the Gypsies"), The Countess and the Gypsy, which is a version of the ballad The Raggle Taggle Gypsy. The legend says that Faa ran away with a Countess of Cassilis, and her husband, the Earl, hung Faa from a dule tree. He then imprisoned his wife in the castle for the rest of her life, before eventually remarrying. The Earl is also have said to have incorporated an oriel window into the castle for her to look out of, surrounded by carvings of the faces of Faa and his accomplices.[20][21] The Earl in question is usually thought by historians to be John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis; however, the oriel window was already in place before this time and the story is thought to be a work of fiction. Nonetheless, the window with the oriel window is still referred to as "The Countess's Room".[5] Some versions suggest the lady was Margaret Kennedy, setting the story at an earlier date.[20]

20th century

In 1919, a fire broke out at the castle. Although only basic equipment was available at the time, the damage to the castle was limited to the roof and has since been repaired.[9] Writing in 2001, local historian Davie Hunter said that charred timbers could still be seen in the roofspace.[16] It become a category A listed building in April 1974, along with its rubble-built garden walls, in recognition of its national importance as the town mansion of the Earls of Cassillis.[22]

The Victorian extension to Maybole Castle

21st century

The castle is still thought to be the oldest inhabited dwelling in Maybole,[2] and is part of the Maybole Outstanding Conservation Area, which includes a number of other listed buildings and green spaces.[23] It was added to the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland in 2009,[7] and the Maybole Castle Community Trust was registered as a charity the same year to help restore it.[24] At the time the first two floors were in use but the upper floors were vacant, and a number of maintenance issues were identified, especially regarding the roofs and water ingress issues.[7]

In 2010, options were reviewed regarding the path forward for the castle, which included a presentation of present floor plans and a review of the physical condition of the building. A mix of both commercial and community usage was proposed for the castle, which is still owned by the Kennedy family. Strathclyde Building Preservation Trust was the project co-ordinator.[6][25][26] Following this in 2011, a grant of £110k was announced to aid repairs of the castle through the Maybole Castle Community Trust,[27][28][29] along with a smaller £10k grant to cover surveying and reporting fees.[30]

By 2021, Collective Architecture was contracted as a conservation accredited adviser[31] and further £729k of funding from the Scottish Government Regeneration Capital Grant Fund was announced for renovations, as part of a wider Maybole regeneration scheme.[32][33][34] Mark Fletcher, Chair of Maybole Community Council, was quoted as saying "This generous grant from Scottish Government secures a sustainable future for the castle. It's an iconic building in the town and we can now look forward to a fully revitalised high street that will make Maybole an even better town to live, work and visit."[35] Work is expected to start late 2022 and take up to 14 months.[36][37]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Maybole Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk.
  2. ^ a b Somerset Fry, Plantagenet (2008). Castles : England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland : the definitive guide to the most impressive buildings and intriguing sites. Newton Abbot [England]: David & Charles. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-7153-2692-3.
  3. ^ Coventry, Martin (1997). The Castles of Scotland (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Goblinshead. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-899874-10-1.
  4. ^ a b "Maybole Castle". www.maybole.org.
  5. ^ a b "Maybole Castle | The Castles of Scotland, Coventry | Goblinshead". www.thecastlesofscotland.co.uk.
  6. ^ a b "Maybole Castle Community Project – Options Appraisal Workshop". www.maybole.org.
  7. ^ a b c d "Maybole Castle, High Street, Maybole | Buildings at Risk Register". www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk.
  8. ^ a b "Scottish Castles Photo Library – Maybole Castle, Ayrshire". www.rampantscotland.com.
  9. ^ a b c "Maybole Castle, Ayrshire in Scotland". www.scotland.org.uk.
  10. ^ Gray, James T. (1972). "Chapter 12: Buildings Past and Present". Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks. Ayr: Alloway Publishing.
  11. ^ Robert Vans-Agnew (1887). Correspondence of Sir Patrick Waus of Barnbarroch. Vol. 1. Edinburgh. pp. 192–3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ a b "Maybole". Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland. A Fullarton & Co. 1847. pp. 337–342.
  13. ^ George Way; Romily Squire (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. HarperCollins. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-0-00-470547-7.
  14. ^ Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 347-350.
  15. ^ "Maybole Visitor Guide – Accommodation, Things To Do & More". www.visitscotland.com.
  16. ^ a b "Maybole News Archives: July 2001". www.maybole.org.
  17. ^ "Antique Prints & Drawings | Maybole Castle – South Ayrshire (Scotland) | Intaglio print | 1837". www.oldantiqueprints.com.
  18. ^ Scotland. Illustrated in a Series of Views Taken Expressly for This Work by Messrs., T. Allom, W.H. Bartlett and H. M'Culloch. London: George Virtue. 1838.
  19. ^ Andrew PK Wright (July 2012). The Hill House, Helensburgh: Evaluation of condition and significance (PDF). National Trust for Scotland. p. 12.
  20. ^ a b Gray, James T. (1972). "Chapter 26: The Countess and the Gypsy". Maybole, Carrick's Capital: Facts, Fiction & Folks. Ayr: Alloway Publishing.
  21. ^ Robertson, William (1889). "Johnny Faa and the Earl of Cassillis' Lady". Historical tales and legends of Ayrshire. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co; Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison. p. 201.
  22. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "HIGH STREET, MAYBOLE CASTLE, GARDEN WALLS AND GATEPIERS (Category A Listed Building) (LB37709)".
  23. ^ "Maybole Town Centre Regeneration: Maintaining & Repairing Maybole's Traditional Buildings" (PDF). www.regeneratingmaybole.scot. p. 4.
  24. ^ "OSCR | Charity Details: Maybole Castle Community Trust, SC040827". www.oscr.org.uk.
  25. ^ "Maybole Castle Community Project". www.maybole.org.
  26. ^ Lawrence, Edwin (8 January 2010). "New future for Maybole Castle". Daily Record.
  27. ^ Lawrence, Edwin (13 October 2011). "Cash to keep for Maybole Castle". Daily Record.
  28. ^ "Maybole Castle | Scottish Castles Association". www.scottishcastlesassociation.com. 9 February 2012.
  29. ^ "Maybole Castle wins repair grant". Glasgow Times. 11 October 2011.
  30. ^ "Maybole Castle Community Trust – Project". The National Lottery Community Fund.
  31. ^ "Maybole Castle: Conservation Accredited Adviser (Award)". 7 July 2021.
  32. ^ "Historic Maybole Castle set for transformation thanks to funding boost". InYourArea.co.uk. 22 February 2021.
  33. ^ "Maybole castle will be a visitor attraction thanks to £729k grant". Ayr Advertiser. 4 March 2021.
  34. ^ "Exciting transformation planned for historic Maybole Castle" (PDF). North Carrick Community News. Spring 2021. p. 3.
  35. ^ "Exciting transformation planned for historic Maybole Castle". South Ayrshire Council. 22 February 2021.
  36. ^ Cameron, Angela (8 August 2022). "Priority Projects for 2022 : Maybole Towncente Regeneration".
  37. ^ ""Maybole Castle construction works to begin!". 21 February 2023.

Further reading

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