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{{Short description|Spanish film magazine}}
{{Short description|Spanish film magazine (1953–1955)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox magazine
{{Infobox magazine
| image_file =
| image_file =
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| editor_title =
| editor_title =
| frequency =
| frequency =
| founder = [[Luis Garcia Berlanga]] <br> [[Juan Antonio Bardem]]
| founder = {{ubl|[[Luis Garcia Berlanga]]|[[Juan Antonio Bardem]]}}
| category = Film magazine
| category = Film magazine
| company =
| company =
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| founded = 1953
| founded = 1953
| firstdate = July 1953
| firstdate = July 1953
| finaldate = 1956
| finaldate = September–October 1955
| country = [[Spain]]
| country = Spain
| based = [[Madrid]]
| based = [[Madrid]]
| language = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| language = Spanish
| issn = }}
| issn =
}}
'''''Objetivo''''' was a [[Spanish language|Spanish]] film magazine published between 1953 and 1956 in [[Madrid, Spain]]. The magazine was one of the significant publications, which contributed to the struggle for censorship-free cinema in [[Francoist Spain]].<ref name="ntt">{{cite journal|author=Nuria Triana-Toribio|title=Film Cultures in Spain’s Transition: The “Other” Transition in the Film Magazine Nuevo Fotogramas (1968-1978)|journal=Cultural Studies|date=2014|volume=15|issue=4|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14636204.2014.991486|doi=10.1080/14636204.2014.991486}}</ref> Spanish author Marvin D'Lugo argues that the magazine was very influential during its lifetime despite its short existence and lower levels of circulation.<ref name="mad">{{cite book|author=Marvin D'Lugo|title=The Films of Carlos Saura: The Practice of Seeing|url=https://archive.org/details/filmsofcarlossau0000dlug|url-access=registration|year=1991|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-00855-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmsofcarlossau0000dlug/page/20 20]}}</ref>
'''''Objetivo''''' was a film magazine published between 1953 and 1955 in [[Madrid, Spain]]. The magazine was one of the significant publications, which contributed to the struggle for a censorship-free cinema in [[Francoist Spain]].<ref name="ntt">{{cite journal|author=Nuria Triana-Toribio|title=Film Cultures in Spain's Transition: The "Other" Transition in the Film Magazine Nuevo Fotogramas (1968-1978)|issue=4
|year=2014|journal=[[Cultural Studies (journal)|Cultural Studies]]|volume=15|pages=455–474|s2cid=142634911|doi=10.1080/14636204.2014.991486}}</ref> Spanish author Marvin D'Lugo argues that the magazine was very influential during its lifetime despite its short existence and lower levels of circulation.<ref name="mad">{{cite book|author=Marvin D'Lugo|title=The Films of Carlos Saura: The Practice of Seeing|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/filmsofcarlossau0000dlug|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1991|isbn=0-691-00855-8|location=Princeton, NJ|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmsofcarlossau0000dlug/page/20 20]}}</ref>


==History and profile==
==History and profile==
''Objetivo'' was founded in 1953.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Fernando Ramos Arenas|title=Film Clubs and Film Cultural Policies in Spain and the GDR around 1960|journal=Communication and Society|date=2017|volume=30|issue=1|url=https://doi.org/10.15581/003.30.1.1-15|doi=10.15581/003.30.1.1-15|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="sma">{{cite book|author=S. Marsh|title=Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBSFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|date=15 December 2005|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-0-230-51187-3|page=207}}</ref> Based in Madrid, the first issue of the magazine appeared in July 1953.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jo Labanyi|title=A Companion to Spanish Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oxXCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA456|accessdate=4 February 2017|date=21 December 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-17013-6|page=456}}</ref> ''Objetivo'' was modeled on Italian film magazine ''[[Cinema Nuovo]]''.<ref name="mad"/> The founders were [[Luis Garcia Berlanga]] and [[Juan Antonio Bardem]].<ref name=sma/> They were both influenced from [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name=sma/> The financier of the magazine was José Ángel Ezcurra, who owned a cultural and political magazine entitled ''[[Triunfo (Spain)|Triunfo]]''.<ref name="ntt"/>
''Objetivo'' was founded in 1953.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Fernando Ramos Arenas|title=Film Clubs and Film Cultural Policies in Spain and the GDR around 1960|journal=Communication & Society|year=2017|volume=30|issue=1|doi-access=free|doi=10.15581/003.30.1.1-15}}</ref><ref name="sma">{{cite book|author=Steven Marsh|title=Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBSFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|year=2005|isbn=978-0-230-51187-3|page=207|location=Hampshire}}</ref> Based in Madrid, the first issue of the magazine appeared in July 1953.<ref name=fer/> ''Objetivo'' was modeled on Italian film magazine ''[[Cinema Nuovo]]''.<ref name="mad"/><ref name=barjor/> The founders were [[Luis Garcia Berlanga]] and [[Juan Antonio Bardem]].<ref name=sma/> They were both influenced from [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name=sma/> The financier of the magazine which was linked to the illegal Communist Party<ref name=fer>{{cite book|author1=Ferran Alberich|author2=Román Gubern|author3=Vicente Sánchez-Biosca|editor1=Jo Labanyi|editor2=Tatjana Pavlović
|isbn=9781405194389|title=A Companion to Spanish Cinema|year=2013|publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location=Chichester, West Sussex
|pages=441,456|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118322765.ch15|doi=10.1002/9781118322765|chapter=Film Clubs, Festivals, Archives, and Magazines}}</ref> was José Ángel Ezcurra, who owned a cultural and political magazine entitled ''[[Triunfo (Spain)|Triunfo]]''.<ref name="ntt"/>


''Objetivo'' did not conform to [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s [[cultural politics]].<ref name="vir"/> The magazine adopted a [[Social realism|social realist]] approach, which was concerned with the highest ideal of cinema.<ref name="mad"/> It mostly featured articles about [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name="vir">{{cite book|author=Virginia Higginbotham|title=Spanish Film Under Franco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4K2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|date=27 January 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-76147-6|page=25}}</ref><ref name="ros">{{cite book|author=Rosanna Maule|title=Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbC8vKJgbRYC&pg=PA37|year=2008|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-204-5|page=37}}</ref> It did not covered [[Hollywood films]], but contained articles on independent American films.<ref name="mad"/> Eduardo Ducay published [[film critics]] in ''Objetivo''.<ref name="mdl">{{cite book|author=Marvin D'Lugo|title=Guide to the Cinema of Spain|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug|url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29474-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug/page/147 147]}}</ref> The other significant contributors included [[Ricardo Muñoz Suay]] and Paulino Garagorri.<ref name="mad"/> The magazine folded in 1956<ref name=ros/> after publishing just nine issues<ref name=vir/> due to the crackdown of the Francoist State.<ref name=mad/><ref name=mdl/>
''Objetivo'' did not conform to [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s [[cultural politics]].<ref name="vir"/> The magazine adopted a [[Social realism|social realist]] approach, which was concerned with the highest ideal of cinema.<ref name="mad"/> It mostly featured articles about the Italian neorealism.<ref name="vir">{{cite book|author=Virginia Higginbotham|title=Spanish Film Under Franco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4K2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|year=2014|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]|isbn=978-0-292-76147-6|page=25|location=Austin, TX}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Rosanna Maule|title=Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbC8vKJgbRYC&pg=PA37|year=2008|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-204-5|page=37|location=Bristol; Chicago}}</ref> It did not covered [[Hollywood films]], but contained articles on independent American films.<ref name="mad"/> Eduardo Ducay published [[film critics]] in ''Objetivo''.<ref name="mdl">{{cite book|author=Marvin D'Lugo|title=Guide to the Cinema of Spain|location=Westport, CT; London|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug|url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group
|isbn=978-0-313-29474-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug/page/147 147]}}</ref> The other significant contributors included [[Ricardo Muñoz Suay]] and Paulino Garagorri.<ref name="mad"/> The magazine folded after the publication of the September-October 1955 issue<ref name=barjor>{{cite journal|author=Barry Jordan|title=Culture and Opposition in Franco's Spain: The Reception of Italian Neo-Realist Cinema in the 1950s|journal=[[European History Quarterly]]|date=April 1991|volume=21|issue=2|pages=231–234|doi=10.1177/026569149102100203}}</ref> due to the crackdown of the Francoist State.<ref name=mad/><ref name=mdl/> Most of its contributors were arrested following the closure of the magazine.<ref name=barjor/> During its lifetime ''Objetivo'' produced just nine issues.<ref name=vir/>


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Objetivo}}
[[Category:1953 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in Spain]]
[[Category:1955 disestablishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Anti-Francoism]]
[[Category:Anti-Francoism]]
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[[Category:Banned magazines]]
[[Category:Censorship in Spain]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in Spain]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in Spain]]
[[Category:Film magazines published in Spain]]
[[Category:Film magazines published in Spain]]
⚫
[[Category:Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1953]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1953]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1956]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1955]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Madrid]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Madrid]]
[[Category:Spanish-language magazines]]
[[Category:Spanish-language magazines]]

Latest revision as of 03:45, 27 February 2024

Objetivo
KategorienFilm magazine
Gründer
Gegründet1953
First issueJuly 1953
Final issueSeptember–October 1955
LandSpanien
Based inMadrid
SpracheSpanish

Objetivo was a film magazine published between 1953 and 1955 in Madrid, Spain. The magazine was one of the significant publications, which contributed to the struggle for a censorship-free cinema in Francoist Spain.[1] Spanish author Marvin D'Lugo argues that the magazine was very influential during its lifetime despite its short existence and lower levels of circulation.[2]

History and profile

[edit]

Objetivo was founded in 1953.[3][4] Based in Madrid, the first issue of the magazine appeared in July 1953.[5] Objetivo was modeled on Italian film magazine Cinema Nuovo.[2][6] The founders were Luis Garcia Berlanga and Juan Antonio Bardem.[4] They were both influenced from Italian neorealism.[4] The financier of the magazine which was linked to the illegal Communist Party[5] was José Ángel Ezcurra, who owned a cultural and political magazine entitled Triunfo.[1]

Objetivo did not conform to Franco's cultural politics.[7] The magazine adopted a social realist approach, which was concerned with the highest ideal of cinema.[2] It mostly featured articles about the Italian neorealism.[7][8] It did not covered Hollywood films, but contained articles on independent American films.[2] Eduardo Ducay published film critics in Objetivo.[9] The other significant contributors included Ricardo Muñoz Suay and Paulino Garagorri.[2] The magazine folded after the publication of the September-October 1955 issue[6] due to the crackdown of the Francoist State.[2][9] Most of its contributors were arrested following the closure of the magazine.[6] During its lifetime Objetivo produced just nine issues.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Nuria Triana-Toribio (2014). "Film Cultures in Spain's Transition: The "Other" Transition in the Film Magazine Nuevo Fotogramas (1968-1978)". Cultural Studies. 15 (4): 455–474. doi:10.1080/14636204.2014.991486. S2CID 142634911.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Marvin D'Lugo (1991). The Films of Carlos Saura: The Practice of Seeing. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-691-00855-8.
  3. ^ Fernando Ramos Arenas (2017). "Film Clubs and Film Cultural Policies in Spain and the GDR around 1960". Communication & Society. 30 (1). doi:10.15581/003.30.1.1-15.
  4. ^ a b c Steven Marsh (2005). Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-230-51187-3.
  5. ^ a b Ferran Alberich; Román Gubern; Vicente Sánchez-Biosca (2013). "Film Clubs, Festivals, Archives, and Magazines". In Jo Labanyi; Tatjana Pavlović (eds.). A Companion to Spanish Cinema. Chichester, West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 441, 456. doi:10.1002/9781118322765. ISBN 9781405194389.
  6. ^ a b c Barry Jordan (April 1991). "Culture and Opposition in Franco's Spain: The Reception of Italian Neo-Realist Cinema in the 1950s". European History Quarterly. 21 (2): 231–234. doi:10.1177/026569149102100203.
  7. ^ a b c Virginia Higginbotham (2014). Spanish Film Under Franco. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-292-76147-6.
  8. ^ Rosanna Maule (2008). Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s. Bristol; Chicago: Intellect Books. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-84150-204-5.
  9. ^ a b Marvin D'Lugo (1997). Guide to the Cinema of Spain. Westport, CT; London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-313-29474-7.
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