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| birth_date = {{birth date|1822|5|28|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1822|5|28|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Leeuwarden]], [[Netherlands]]
| birth_place = [[Leeuwarden]], [[Netherlands]]
| residence = [[Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|]] [[Netherlands]]
| nationality = [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
| nationality = [[Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|]] [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1897|4|4|1822|5|28|mf=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1897|4|4|1822|5|28|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Haarlem]], [[Netherlands]]
| death_place = [[Haarlem]], [[Netherlands]]
| field = [[Medicine]], [[Paleontology]], [[Zoology]]
| field = [[Medicine]], [[Paleontology]], [[Zoology]]
| work_institution = [[Teylers Museum]]
| work_institution = [[Teylers Museum]]
⚫
| known_for = [[Dutch language|Dutch]] translation of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] ''[[Origin of Species]]'' (1860)<br>[[popular science]]
| predecessor = [[Jacob Gijsbertus Samuël van Breda|J.G. van Breda]]
| successor = [[Eugène Dubois]]
⚫
| known_for = [[Dutch language|Dutch]] translation of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] ''[[Origin of Species]]'' (1860)</br>[[popular science]]
}}
}}
'''Tiberius Cornelis Winkler''' (1822-1897) was a Dutch [[anatomist]], [[zoologist]] and [[natural history|natural historian]], and the second curator of [[geology]], [[paleontology]] and [[mineralogy]] at [[Teylers Museum]] in [[Haarlem]].<ref>His successor in this role was [[Eugène Dubois]], who discovered ''[[Homo erectus]]'' (Java Man).</ref> Besides translating the first edition of [[Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin's]] ''[[Origin of Species]]'' (1860), he wrote a great number of works popularising science, particularly the life sciences.
'''Tiberius Cornelis Winkler''' (May 28, 1822 &ndash; April 4, 1897) was a Dutch [[anatomist]], [[zoologist]] and [[natural history|natural historian]], and the second curator of [[geology]], [[paleontology]] and [[mineralogy]] at [[Teylers Museum]] in [[Haarlem]].<ref>His successor in this role was [[Eugène Dubois]], who discovered ''Pithecanthropus'' ([[Java Man]], now considered a subspecies of ''[[Homo erectus]]'').</ref> Besides translating the first edition of [[Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin's]] ''[[Origin of Species]]'' (1860), he wrote a great number of works popularising science, particularly the life sciences.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Winkler was born in 1822, in the [[Friesland|Frisian]] capital of [[Leeuwarden]]. There, he attended primary school until his 12th or 13th year. His father subsequently arranged his apprenticeship to a grain merchant. He used his wages to educate himself in French, then German, then English. This desire for self-education and self-discipline would characterise Winkler throughout his life.
Winkler was born in 1822, in the [[Friesland|Frisian]] capital of [[Leeuwarden]]. There, he attended primary school until his 12th or 13th year. His father subsequently arranged his apprenticeship to a [[grain trade|grain merchant]]. He used his wages to educate himself in French, then German, and then English. This desire for self-education and self-discipline would characterise Winkler throughout his life.


He married in 1844 and began to study medicine in order to become a surgeon. In 1850, Winkler moved to [[Haarlem]] with his wife and four children, to begin his education at the local surgeons' college. He graduated two years later, and set up practice in [[Nieuwediep]]. His first [[patient]], a fisherman, complained of being stung by a [[Weever|weever fish]]. His studies took him to the library of [[Teylers Museum]] in Haarlem, and his subsequent article on the weever in the popular journal ''Album der Natuur'' established him as an expert on fishes.
He married in 1844 and began to study medicine in order to become a surgeon. In 1850, Winkler moved to [[Haarlem]] with his wife and four children, to begin his education at the local surgeons' college. He graduated two years later, and set up practice in [[Nieuwediep (town)|Nieuwediep]]. His first [[patient]], a fisherman, complained of being stung by a [[Weever|weever fish]]. His studies took him to the library of [[Teylers Museum]] in Haarlem, and his subsequent article on the weever in the popular journal ''Album der Natuur'' established him as an expert on fishes.


==At Teylers==
==At Teylers==
At the Museum, he also developed an interest in [[paleontology]] and [[geology]]. The curator, professor [[Jacob Gijsbertus Samuël van Breda|Van Breda]], approached him to describe the fossil fishes from his own and Teylers' collections. This set Winkler up at the museum and his work, duly lauded, was published in the ''Verhandelingen'' ('Transactions') of Teylers' Society in 1859.<ref>Veen, Joop C. van, "Tiberius Cornelis Winkler 100 jaar geleden overleden", in: ''Teylers Museum Magazijn'' '''7''' (2007), 9-12.</ref> This was followed up by further work on fishes from the German [[Solnhofen]] [[Solnhofen limestone|limestone]], and completion of the catalogue of the museum's fossil fish collection.
At the Museum, he also developed an interest in [[paleontology]] and [[geology]]. The curator, professor [[Jacob Gijsbertus Samuël van Breda|Van Breda]], approached him to describe the [[fossil fish]]es from his own and Teylers' collections. This set Winkler up at the museum and his work, duly lauded, was published in the ''Verhandelingen'' ('Transactions') of Teylers' Society in 1859.<ref>Veen, Joop C. van, "Tiberius Cornelis Winkler 100 jaar geleden overleden", in: ''Teylers Museum Magazijn'' '''7''' (2007), 9-12.</ref> This was followed up by further work on fishes from the German [[Solnhofen]] [[Solnhofen limestone|limestone]], and completion of the catalogue of the museum's fossil fish collection.


This achievement so impressed the Museum's directors that they approached Winkler to do the same for their other fossil and mineral collections. A year later he finished the catalogue, despite being forced to work in an unheated room and continuing with his general medical practice. In 1864 Winkler was asked to become curator of Teylers' paleontological and [[mineralogical]] cabinet, a post he kept until his death in 1897.
This achievement so impressed the Museum's directors that they approached Winkler to do the same for their other fossil and mineral collections. A year later he finished the catalogue, despite being forced to work in an unheated room and continuing with his general medical practice. In 1864 Winkler was asked to become curator of Teylers' paleontological and [[mineralogical]] cabinet, a post he kept until his death in 1897.


He immediately set to work to catalogue the Museum's entire collection of fossils, which at the time was unnumbered and, frequently, undocumented. On the advice of the prominent [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] [[natural history|natural historian]] [[Pieter Harting]], he applied a numerical system in which the fossils were divided into Periods ([[Paleozoic]], [[Mesozoic]] and [[Caenozoic]]) and sorted from 'high' to 'low'. This system, and the way in which Winkler applied it, already showed the influence of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] theory of [[evolution]].
He immediately set to work to catalogue the Museum's entire collection of fossils, which at the time was unnumbered and, frequently, undocumented. On the advice of the prominent [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] [[natural history|natural historian]] [[Pieter Harting]], he applied a numerical system in which the fossils were divided into Periods ([[Paleozoic]], [[Mesozoic]] and [[Caenozoic]]) and sorted from 'high' to 'low'. This system, and the way in which Winkler applied it, already showed the influence of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] theory of [[evolution]].


Completing this catalogue would take until 1896, by which time six volumes and five supplements had been published, documenting a total of 15,458 fossils.<ref>Veen, Joop C. van, "Tiberius Cornelis Winkler 100 jaar geleden overleden", in: ''Teylers Museum Magazijn'' '''7''' (2007), 11.</ref> Winkler also catalogued the museum's [[mineral]] collection.
Completing this catalogue would take until 1896, by which time six volumes and five supplements had been published, documenting a total of 15,458 fossils.<ref>Veen, Joop C. van, "Tiberius Cornelis Winkler 100 jaar geleden overleden", in: ''Teylers Museum Magazijn'' '''7''' (2007), 11.</ref> Winkler also catalogued the museum's [[mineral]] collection.


==Publications==
==Publications==
Winkler was very active as a populariser of science. He wrote more than a hundred articles, many of them aimed at educating the general public, much as he had educated himself. Many of these works appeared in ''Album der Natuur'' ('Album of Nature').
Winkler was very active as a populariser of science. He wrote more than a hundred articles, many of them aimed at educating the general public, much as he had educated himself. Many of these works appeared in ''Album der Natuur'' ('Album of Nature') and the proceedings of the Dutch Literature society.<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_vad003186501_01/_vad003186501_01_0039.php Palaeontological contribution] by Dr. T.C. Winkler on the fossils of the earth, 1865</ref>


Just as importantly, Winkler translated numerous scientific works into [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. Most famous among these was [[Charles Darwin]]'s seminal ''[[Origin of Species]]'', which appeared in Dutch one year after its English release in 1859.<ref>[http://api.ning.com/files/aT0Fpi7QEAJXZty6RRr0*ayjT5aN-CLIR1HAnom7DRBt*Z64Ko2B*I88LPx*h2otwLvz5Vp*IKVqHQunTD*sItKN3P7MUMve/TeylerWinklerDarwin.doc Teyler, Winkler, Darwin] Lecture by Marijn van Hoorn MA at the Congress of the European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group, Prague, April 23, 2009</ref> Winkler also proved himself to be a vocal defender of the theory of evolution, to the extent that he did not wish to question - unlike, at the time, Darwin himself - man's place in evolution.<ref>Besselink, Marijke. "Winkler? Nooit van Gehoord", in: ''Teylers Museum Magazijn'' '''7''' (2007), 7-8.</ref>
Just as importantly, Winkler translated numerous scientific works into [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. Most famous among these was [[Charles Darwin]]'s seminal ''[[Origin of Species]]'', which appeared in Dutch one year after its English release in 1859.<ref>[http://api.ning.com/files/aT0Fpi7QEAJXZty6RRr0*ayjT5aN-CLIR1HAnom7DRBt*Z64Ko2B*I88LPx*h2otwLvz5Vp*IKVqHQunTD*sItKN3P7MUMve/TeylerWinklerDarwin.doc Teyler, Winkler, Darwin] Lecture by Marijn van Hoorn MA at the Congress of the European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group, Prague, April 23, 2009</ref> Winkler also proved himself to be a vocal defender of the theory of evolution, to the extent that he did not wish to question - unlike, at the time, Darwin himself - man's place in evolution.<ref>Besselink, Marijke. "Winkler? Nooit van Gehoord", in: ''Teylers Museum Magazijn'' '''7''' (2007), 7-8.</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


⚫
{{wikisourcelang|nl|Auteur:Tiberius Cornelis Winkler|T.C. Winkler}}
⚫
==External sources==

*[[:vo:T. C. Winkler|Winkler in the Volapük Wikipedia]]
⚫
==External links==
⚫
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Tiberius Cornelis Winkler}}
* {{Librivox author |id=6915}}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = Winkler, Tiberius Cornelis
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Dutch paleontologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = May 28, 1822
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Leeuwarden]], [[Netherlands]]
| DATE OF DEATH = April 4, 1897
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Haarlem]], [[Netherlands]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winkler, Tiberius Cornelis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winkler, Tiberius Cornelis}}
[[Category:Dutch anatomists]]
[[Category:1822 births]]
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[[Category:1897 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Dutch anatomists]]
[[Category:Dutch ichthyologists]]
[[Category:Dutch ichthyologists]]
[[Category:Dutch paleontologists]]
[[Category:Dutch paleontologists]]
[[Category:Dutch zoologists]]
[[Category:Dutch zoologists]]
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Haarlem]]
⚫
[[Category:1897 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Haarlem]]
[[Category:Teylers Museum]]
[[Category:Teylers Museum]]

⚫
[[ca:Tiberius Cornelis Winkler]]
[[es:Tiberius Cornelis Winkler]]
[[fy:Tiberius Cornelis Winkler]]
[[hu:Tiberius Cornelis Winkler]]
⚫
[[nl:Tiberius Cornelis Winkler]]
[[vo:T. C. Winkler]]

Latest revision as of 00:06, 28 February 2024

Tiberius Cornelis Winkler
Born(1822-05-28)May 28, 1822
Leeuwarden, Netherlands
DiedApril 4, 1897(1897-04-04) (aged 74)
Haarlem, Netherlands
NationalityDutch
Known forDutch translation of Darwin's Origin of Species (1860)
popular science
Scientific career
FieldsMedicine, Paleontology, Zoology
InstitutionsTeylers Museum

Tiberius Cornelis Winkler (May 28, 1822 – April 4, 1897) was a Dutch anatomist, zoologist and natural historian, and the second curator of geology, paleontology and mineralogy at Teylers Museum in Haarlem.[1] Besides translating the first edition of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species (1860), he wrote a great number of works popularising science, particularly the life sciences.

Early life

[edit]

Winkler was born in 1822, in the Frisian capital of Leeuwarden. There, he attended primary school until his 12th or 13th year. His father subsequently arranged his apprenticeship to a grain merchant. He used his wages to educate himself in French, then German, and then English. This desire for self-education and self-discipline would characterise Winkler throughout his life.

He married in 1844 and began to study medicine in order to become a surgeon. In 1850, Winkler moved to Haarlem with his wife and four children, to begin his education at the local surgeons' college. He graduated two years later, and set up practice in Nieuwediep. His first patient, a fisherman, complained of being stung by a weever fish. His studies took him to the library of Teylers Museum in Haarlem, and his subsequent article on the weever in the popular journal Album der Natuur established him as an expert on fishes.

At Teylers

[edit]

At the Museum, he also developed an interest in paleontology and geology. The curator, professor Van Breda, approached him to describe the fossil fishes from his own and Teylers' collections. This set Winkler up at the museum and his work, duly lauded, was published in the Verhandelingen ('Transactions') of Teylers' Society in 1859.[2] This was followed up by further work on fishes from the German Solnhofen limestone, and completion of the catalogue of the museum's fossil fish collection.

This achievement so impressed the Museum's directors that they approached Winkler to do the same for their other fossil and mineral collections. A year later he finished the catalogue, despite being forced to work in an unheated room and continuing with his general medical practice. In 1864 Winkler was asked to become curator of Teylers' paleontological and mineralogical cabinet, a post he kept until his death in 1897.

He immediately set to work to catalogue the Museum's entire collection of fossils, which at the time was unnumbered and, frequently, undocumented. On the advice of the prominent Utrecht natural historian Pieter Harting, he applied a numerical system in which the fossils were divided into Periods (Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Caenozoic) and sorted from 'high' to 'low'. This system, and the way in which Winkler applied it, already showed the influence of Darwin's theory of evolution.

Completing this catalogue would take until 1896, by which time six volumes and five supplements had been published, documenting a total of 15,458 fossils.[3] Winkler also catalogued the museum's mineral collection.

Publications

[edit]

Winkler was very active as a populariser of science. He wrote more than a hundred articles, many of them aimed at educating the general public, much as he had educated himself. Many of these works appeared in Album der Natuur ('Album of Nature') and the proceedings of the Dutch Literature society.[4]

Just as importantly, Winkler translated numerous scientific works into Dutch. Most famous among these was Charles Darwin's seminal Origin of Species, which appeared in Dutch one year after its English release in 1859.[5] Winkler also proved himself to be a vocal defender of the theory of evolution, to the extent that he did not wish to question - unlike, at the time, Darwin himself - man's place in evolution.[6]

Winkler was an active supporter of Volapük, a constructed language invented by the Catholic priest Johann Martin Schleyer.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ His successor in this role was Eugène Dubois, who discovered Pithecanthropus (Java Man, now considered a subspecies of Homo erectus).
  2. ^ Veen, Joop C. van, "Tiberius Cornelis Winkler 100 jaar geleden overleden", in: Teylers Museum Magazijn 7 (2007), 9-12.
  3. ^ Veen, Joop C. van, "Tiberius Cornelis Winkler 100 jaar geleden overleden", in: Teylers Museum Magazijn 7 (2007), 11.
  4. ^ Palaeontological contribution by Dr. T.C. Winkler on the fossils of the earth, 1865
  5. ^ Teyler, Winkler, Darwin Lecture by Marijn van Hoorn MA at the Congress of the European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group, Prague, April 23, 2009
  6. ^ Besselink, Marijke. "Winkler? Nooit van Gehoord", in: Teylers Museum Magazijn 7 (2007), 7-8.
Dutch Wikisource has original text related to this article:
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