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[[File:An early variant of Turning Mill house.jpg|thumb|A 1956 Techbuilt house in the Turning Mill district (2022 photo)]] |
[[File:An early variant of Turning Mill house.jpg|thumb|A 1956 Techbuilt house in the Turning Mill district (2022 photo)]] |
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[[File:1958 Peacock Farm style house.jpg|thumb|A 1958 "Peacock Farm" style house in the Turning Mill district (2022 photo)]] |
[[File:1958 Peacock Farm style house.jpg|thumb|A 1958 "Peacock Farm" style house in the Turning Mill district (2022 photo)]] |
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'''Turning Mill''' is a residential neighborhood of [[mid-century modern]] houses in [[Lexington, Massachusetts]] |
'''Turning Mill''' is a residential neighborhood of [[mid-century modern]] houses in [[Lexington, Massachusetts]], US. |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Turning Mill is a residential neighborhood located in northern [[Lexington, Massachusetts|Lexington]], [[Massachusetts]]. It includes a section originally |
Turning Mill is a residential neighborhood located in northern [[Lexington, Massachusetts|Lexington]], [[Massachusetts]]. It includes a section originally known as "Middle Ridge" and the slightly later "Upper Turning Mill" section; they were named a Neighborhood Conservation District by the Town of Lexington in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Turning Mill Neighborhood Conservation Commission |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/turning-mill-neighborhood-conservation-district-ncd-commission |website=Town or Lexington |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> Almost all of the houses in the neighborhood were built between the years of 1955 and 1967.<ref name="Study Report">{{cite web |title=Study Report for the Turning Mill Neighborhood Conservation District |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/sites/g/files/vyhlif7101/f/uploads/tm_ncd_study_distribution_draft_sept192017_0.pdf |website=Town of Lexington, MA |access-date=8 February 2022 |date=September 19, 2017}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The post-World War II period was a time of significant growth of suburban housing in the United States, most of which employed traditional, American designs. [[Levittown, |
The post-World War II period was a time of significant growth of suburban housing in the United States, most of which employed traditional, American designs. [[Levittown, New York]] was the best-known example, where a new house could be bought for $7000 with just $100 down and drew in many homecoming soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Colin |title=Levittown, the prototypical suburb |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/28/levittown-america-prototypical-suburb-history-cities |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=28 April 2015}}</ref> Lexington was also experiencing growth of housing, but was close to the academic centers where new design ideas were being developed, such as at the [[Harvard Graduate School of Design]] led by [[Bauhaus]] founder [[Walter Gropius]], and the [[MIT School of Architecture and Planning]]. Lexington was home to many professionals and academics whose minds were open to different design ideas. |
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When the Turning Mill / Middle Ridge project began in 1955, there were already three communities designed with modernist principles under development in Lexington: [[Six Moon Hill]]; developed by [[The Architects Collaborative]] (TAC) (1947); [[Five Fields]], also developed by TAC begun in 1951; and [[Peacock Farm]], by [[Walter Pierce (architect)|Walter Pierce]] and Danforth Compton (1951). In different ways, each of these teams was looking for ways to take advantage of new, industrial materials and modernist principles, to produce more affordable housing more quickly.<ref name="Clouette-MM">{{cite book |last1=Clouette |first1=Bruce |title=Mid-century Modern Houses of Lexington, Massachusetts, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form |date=November 2012 |publisher=National Archive Catalog |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/63791376}}</ref> The initial developer for the project was [[Carl Koch (architect)|Carl Koch]], originator of the Techbuilt<ref name="Techbuilt-2018">{{cite web |title=The Techbuilt Idea |url=https://thetechbuilthouse.com/ |publisher=The Techbuilt House |access-date=4 February 2022 |date=June 15, 2018}}</ref> system of modular housing construction. Koch had already experimented with some of his design ideas at the [[Concord, Massachusetts]] community of [[Conantum]].<ref name="Conantum">{{cite web |title=Conantum: A Neighborhood in Concord, Massachusetts |url=https://www.conantum.org/architecture |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> |
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==Architecture== |
==Architecture== |
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The Turning Mill neighborhood was envisioned as a development of Techbuilt prefabricated houses, with 35 houses built using this innovative methodology. Over time, other companies became involved in home construction there |
The Turning Mill neighborhood was envisioned as a development of Techbuilt prefabricated houses, with 35 houses eventually built using this innovative methodology. Over time, other companies became involved in home construction there: specifically, the Architectural Planning Associates of Boston created three housing versions, the raised ranch, the split-level and the chalet; and developer Harmon White licensed the "[[Peacock Farm]] House" from [[Walter Pierce (architect)|Walter Pierce]] for reuse at Turning Mill.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Janovitz |first1=Bill |title=Interview with Walter Pierce |url=http://modernmass.com/interview-with-walter-pierce/ |website=ModernMass |access-date=11 February 2022 |date=7 June 2011}}</ref> Of the 158 houses in the district, all but 12 reflect [[mid-century modern]] design principles.<ref name="Study Report"/> |
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==Neighborhood Conservation District== |
==Neighborhood Conservation District== |
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As homes in the area aged and market conditions began to favor "tear-downs" over repair, neighbors became concerned about preserving the unique characteristics of their neighborhood. Because the houses were already listed in Lexington's Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey,<ref>{{cite web |title=A Guide to The Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey of Lexington |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/sites/g/files/vyhlif7101/f/uploads/guide_to_the_comprehensive_cultural_resources_survey_final_3-14-13.pdf |website=Town of Lexington, Massachusetts |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> there was year-long delay before a listed house could be demolished,<ref>{{cite web |title=Demolition Delay |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/demolition-delay |website=Town of Lexington, Massachusetts |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> and a required public hearing before the Lexington Historic Commission. In one publicized case<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=Samantha |title=Neighbors oppose demolition of Lexington modernist home |url=https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/lexington-minuteman/2011/07/26/neighbors-oppose-demolition-lexington-modernist/27267699007/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |agency=Wicked Local Lexington |publisher=Lexington Minuteman |date=26 July 2011}}</ref> the homeowners reconsidered their plan to tear down their 1958 home, surprised by the intensity of local feeling. After needed renovations, the house in question |
As homes in the area aged and market conditions began to favor "[[Teardown (real estate)|tear-downs]]" over repair, neighbors became concerned about preserving the unique characteristics of their neighborhood. Because the houses were already listed in Lexington's Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey,<ref>{{cite web |title=A Guide to The Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey of Lexington |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/sites/g/files/vyhlif7101/f/uploads/guide_to_the_comprehensive_cultural_resources_survey_final_3-14-13.pdf |website=Town of Lexington, Massachusetts |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> there was year-long delay before a listed house could be demolished,<ref>{{cite web |title=Demolition Delay |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/demolition-delay |website=Town of Lexington, Massachusetts |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> and a required public hearing before the Lexington Historic Commission. In one publicized case,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=Samantha |title=Neighbors oppose demolition of Lexington modernist home |url=https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/lexington-minuteman/2011/07/26/neighbors-oppose-demolition-lexington-modernist/27267699007/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |agency=Wicked Local Lexington |publisher=Lexington Minuteman |date=26 July 2011}}</ref> the homeowners reconsidered their plan to tear down their 1958 home, surprised by the intensity of local feeling. After much-needed renovations, the house in question still stands, more than 10 years after that hearing. |
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But realization that there was an ongoing threat caused the neighbors to look for new means of preservation. There was an interest in finding a means of protecting architectural resources that was less stringent than the state-governed Local Historic District status. To that end, an article was brought before Lexington's Town Meeting to create a Neighborhood Conservation District (NCD) status which was approved in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions: Proposed Neighborhood Conservation District Enabling Bylaw |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/sites/g/files/vyhlif7101/f/pages/ncd_faqs_draft_12-10-15.pdf |website=Town of Lexington |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=10 December 2015}}</ref> Even before the new bylaw was approved, proponents of a Turning Mill NCD began to document the characteristics of the area that would make it worthy of protection.<ref name="Study Report"/> Following completion of the necessary documentation, the request received a positive vote in Lexington's Town Meeting in April 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Turning Mill NCD Guidelines |url=https://www.lexingtonma.gov/turning-mill-neighborhood-conservation-district-ncd-commission/pages/turning-mill-ncd-guidelines |website=Town of Lexington |access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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[[Category:Lexington, Massachusetts]] |
[[Category:Lexington, Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lexington, Massachusetts]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lexington, Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Houses in Middlesex County, Massachusetts]] |
[[Category:Houses in Middlesex County, Massachusetts]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Turning Mill Middle Ridge}} |
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Latest revision as of 19:59, 2 March 2024
42°28′49″N 71°13′57″W / 42.48028°N 71.23250°W
Turning Mill is a residential neighborhood of mid-century modern houses in Lexington, Massachusetts, US.
Description
[edit]Turning Mill is a residential neighborhood located in northern Lexington, Massachusetts. It includes a section originally known as "Middle Ridge" and the slightly later "Upper Turning Mill" section; they were named a Neighborhood Conservation District by the Town of Lexington in 2018.[1] Almost all of the houses in the neighborhood were built between the years of 1955 and 1967.[2]
Background
[edit]The post-World War II period was a time of significant growth of suburban housing in the United States, most of which employed traditional, American designs. Levittown, New York was the best-known example, where a new house could be bought for $7000 with just $100 down and drew in many homecoming soldiers.[3] Lexington was also experiencing growth of housing, but was close to the academic centers where new design ideas were being developed, such as at the Harvard Graduate School of Design led by Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius, and the MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Lexington was home to many professionals and academics whose minds were open to different design ideas.
When the Turning Mill / Middle Ridge project began in 1955, there were already three communities designed with modernist principles under development in Lexington: Six Moon Hill; developed by The Architects Collaborative (TAC) (1947); Five Fields, also developed by TAC begun in 1951; and Peacock Farm, by Walter Pierce and Danforth Compton (1951). In different ways, each of these teams was looking for ways to take advantage of new, industrial materials and modernist principles, to produce more affordable housing more quickly.[4] The initial developer for the project was Carl Koch, originator of the Techbuilt[5] system of modular housing construction. Koch had already experimented with some of his design ideas at the Concord, Massachusetts community of Conantum.[6]
Architecture
[edit]The Turning Mill neighborhood was envisioned as a development of Techbuilt prefabricated houses, with 35 houses eventually built using this innovative methodology. Over time, other companies became involved in home construction there: specifically, the Architectural Planning Associates of Boston created three housing versions, the raised ranch, the split-level and the chalet; and developer Harmon White licensed the "Peacock Farm House" from Walter Pierce for reuse at Turning Mill.[7] Of the 158 houses in the district, all but 12 reflect mid-century modern design principles.[2]
Neighborhood Conservation District
[edit]As homes in the area aged and market conditions began to favor "tear-downs" over repair, neighbors became concerned about preserving the unique characteristics of their neighborhood. Because the houses were already listed in Lexington's Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey,[8] there was year-long delay before a listed house could be demolished,[9] and a required public hearing before the Lexington Historic Commission. In one publicized case,[10] the homeowners reconsidered their plan to tear down their 1958 home, surprised by the intensity of local feeling. After much-needed renovations, the house in question still stands, more than 10 years after that hearing.
But realization that there was an ongoing threat caused the neighbors to look for new means of preservation. There was an interest in finding a means of protecting architectural resources that was less stringent than the state-governed Local Historic District status. To that end, an article was brought before Lexington's Town Meeting to create a Neighborhood Conservation District (NCD) status which was approved in 2016.[11] Even before the new bylaw was approved, proponents of a Turning Mill NCD began to document the characteristics of the area that would make it worthy of protection.[2] Following completion of the necessary documentation, the request received a positive vote in Lexington's Town Meeting in April 2018.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ "Turning Mill Neighborhood Conservation Commission". Town or Lexington. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ a b c "Study Report for the Turning Mill Neighborhood Conservation District" (PDF). Town of Lexington, MA. September 19, 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Marshall, Colin (28 April 2015). "Levittown, the prototypical suburb". Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ Clouette, Bruce (November 2012). Mid-century Modern Houses of Lexington, Massachusetts, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form. National Archive Catalog.
- ^ "The Techbuilt Idea". The Techbuilt House. June 15, 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ "Conantum: A Neighborhood in Concord, Massachusetts". Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ Janovitz, Bill (7 June 2011). "Interview with Walter Pierce". ModernMass. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ "A Guide to The Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey of Lexington" (PDF). Town of Lexington, Massachusetts. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "Demolition Delay". Town of Lexington, Massachusetts. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ Allen, Samantha (26 July 2011). "Neighbors oppose demolition of Lexington modernist home". Lexington Minuteman. Wicked Local Lexington. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions: Proposed Neighborhood Conservation District Enabling Bylaw" (PDF). Town of Lexington. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "Turning Mill NCD Guidelines". Town of Lexington. Retrieved 9 February 2022.