List of amphibians of Northern America: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} |
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This is a checklist of |
This is a checklist of amphibians found in [[Northern America]], based mainly on publications by the [[Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles]].<ref name="SSAR12" /><ref name="SSAR08" /><ref name="SSAR17" /> The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the [[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] site.<ref name="IUCNs" /> It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States<br /><nowiki>*</nowiki> alien species<br /> |
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<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; font-size:90%; text-align:center; padding:2px;"> |
<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; font-size:90%; text-align:center; padding:2px;"> |
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{{IUCN_3.1 navmap/full}} |
{{IUCN_3.1 navmap/full}} |
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:{{ESA status|E(S/A)}}, {{ESA status|T(S/A)}} – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance |
:{{ESA status|E(S/A)}}, {{ESA status|T(S/A)}} – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance |
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:(the data are current as of March 28, 2014<ref name="ESA" />) |
:(the data are current as of March 28, 2014<ref name="ESA" />) |
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<!--__NOTOC__ |
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{|class="toc collapsible" style="margin:0 auto; clear:both;"|- |
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!{{anchor|Contents}}Contents: |
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{| |
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| valign="baseline" | |
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• '''[[#Urodela|Salamanders]]''' |
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:• [[#Cryptobranchoidea|Cryptobranchoidea]] |
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::• [[#Cryptobranchidae|Cryptobranchidae]] |
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:• [[#Salamandroidea|Salamandroidea]] |
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::• [[#Salamandridae|True salamanders and newts]] |
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::• [[#Plethodontidae|Lungless salamanders]] |
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::• [[#Proteidae|Waterdogs and mudpuppies]] |
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::• [[#Ambystomatidae|Mole salamanders]] |
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::• [[#Amphiumidae|Amphiumas]] |
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::• [[#Dicamptodontidae|Pacific giant salamanders]] |
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::• [[#Rhyacotritonidae|Torrent salamanders]] |
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:• [[#Sirenoidea|Sirenoidea]] |
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::• [[#Sirenidae|Sirens]] |
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|| valign="baseline" | |
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• '''[[#Salientia|Frogs and toads]]''' |
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:• [[#Archaeobatrachia|Archaeobatrachia]] |
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::• [[#Ascaphidae|Tailed frogs]] |
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:• [[#Mesobatrachia|Mesobatrachia]] |
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::• [[#Pipidae|Pipidae]] |
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::• [[#Rhinophrynidae|Rhinophrynidae]] |
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::• [[#Scaphiopodidae|American spadefoot toads]] |
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:• [[#Neobatrachia|Neobatrachia]] |
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::• [[#Bufonidae|True toads]] |
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::• [[#Hylidae|"Tree frogs and their allies"]] |
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::• [[#Pelodryadidae|Australian treefrogs]] |
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::• [[#Ranidae|True frogs]] |
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::• [[#Eleutherodactylidae|Eleutherodactylidae]] |
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::• [[#Leptodactylidae|Leptodactylidae]] |
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::• [[#Microhylidae|Microhylidae]] |
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::• [[#Dendrobatidae|Poison dart frogs]] |
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|} |
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|} |
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--> |
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==Order: [[Urodela]]== |
==Order: [[Urodela]]== |
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[[File:SpottedSalamander.jpg|thumb|[[Spotted salamander]] ''Ambystoma maculatum'']] |
[[File:SpottedSalamander.jpg|thumb|[[Spotted salamander]], ''Ambystoma maculatum'']] |
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[[File:Plethodon dorsalis.jpg|thumb|[[Northern zigzag salamander]] ''Plethodon dorsalis'']] |
[[File:Plethodon dorsalis.jpg|thumb|[[Northern zigzag salamander]], ''Plethodon dorsalis'']] |
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===Suborder: [[Cryptobranchoidea]]=== |
===Suborder: [[Cryptobranchoidea]]=== |
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====Family: [[Cryptobranchidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Cryptobranchidae]]==== |
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:::[[Hellbender]] ''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|59077}} <br />(Ozark hellbender ''C. a. bishopi'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
:::[[Hellbender]], ''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|59077}} <br />(Ozark hellbender, ''C. a. bishopi'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
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===Suborder: [[Salamandroidea]]=== |
===Suborder: [[Salamandroidea]]=== |
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| Line 75: | Line 32: | ||
=====Subfamily: [[Pleurodelinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Pleurodelinae]]===== |
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:::'''Eastern newts''' |
:::'''Eastern newts''' |
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:::[[Notophthalmus meridionalis|Black-spotted newt]] ''Notophthalmus meridionalis'' {{IUCN status|EN|59452}} |
:::[[Notophthalmus meridionalis|Black-spotted newt]], ''Notophthalmus meridionalis'' {{IUCN status|EN|59452}} |
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:::[[Notophthalmus perstriatus|Striped newt]] ''Notophthalmus perstriatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|14872}} |
:::[[Notophthalmus perstriatus|Striped newt]], ''Notophthalmus perstriatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|14872}} |
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:::[[Notophthalmus viridescens|Eastern newt]] ''Notophthalmus viridescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|59453}} |
:::[[Notophthalmus viridescens|Eastern newt]], ''Notophthalmus viridescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|59453}} |
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:::'''Pacific newts''' |
:::'''Pacific newts''' |
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:::[[Taricha granulosa|Rough-skinned newt]] ''Taricha granulosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|59469}} |
:::[[Taricha granulosa|Rough-skinned newt]], ''Taricha granulosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|59469}} |
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:::[[Taricha rivularis|Red-bellied newt]] ''Taricha rivularis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59470}} |
:::[[Taricha rivularis|Red-bellied newt]], ''Taricha rivularis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59470}} |
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:::[[Sierra newt]] ''Taricha sierrae'' {{IUCN status|LC|136023}} |
:::[[Sierra newt]], ''Taricha sierrae'' {{IUCN status|LC|136023}} |
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:::[[Taricha torosa|California newt]] ''Taricha torosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|59471}} |
:::[[Taricha torosa|California newt]], ''Taricha torosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|59471}} |
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====Family: [[Plethodontidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Plethodontidae]]==== |
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| Line 88: | Line 45: | ||
=====Subfamily: [[Plethodontinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Plethodontinae]]===== |
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:::'''Web-toed salamanders''' |
:::'''Web-toed salamanders''' |
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:::[[Hydromantes brunus|Limestone salamander]] ''Hydromantes brunus'' {{IUCN status|VU|10304}} |
:::[[Hydromantes brunus|Limestone salamander]], ''Hydromantes brunus'' {{IUCN status|VU|10304}} |
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:::[[Hydromantes platycephalus|Mount Lyell salamander]] ''Hydromantes platycephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59286}} |
:::[[Hydromantes platycephalus|Mount Lyell salamander]], ''Hydromantes platycephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59286}} |
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:::[[Hydromantes samweli|Samwel Shasta salamander]] ''Hydromantes samweli''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b|Species not listed by [[Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles|SSAR]]<ref name="SSAR17" />}} |
:::[[Hydromantes samweli|Samwel Shasta salamander]], ''Hydromantes samweli''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b|Species not listed by [[Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles|SSAR]]<ref name="SSAR17" />}} |
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:::[[Hydromantes shastae|Shasta salamander]] ''Hydromantes shastae'' {{IUCN status|VU|10305}} |
:::[[Hydromantes shastae|Shasta salamander]], ''Hydromantes shastae'' {{IUCN status|VU|10305}} |
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:::[[Hydromantes wintu|Wintu Shasta salamander]] ''Hydromantes wintu''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Hydromantes wintu|Wintu Shasta salamander]], ''Hydromantes wintu''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
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:::'''Climbing salamanders''' |
:::'''Climbing salamanders''' |
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:::[[Aneides aeneus|Green salamander]] ''Aneides aeneus'' {{IUCN status|NT|1282}} |
:::[[Aneides aeneus|Green salamander]], ''Aneides aeneus'' {{IUCN status|NT|1282}} |
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:::[[Aneides caryaensis|Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander]] ''Aneides caryaensis''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Aneides caryaensis|Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander]], ''Aneides caryaensis''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
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:::[[Aneides ferreus|Clouded salamander]] ''Aneides ferreus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59115}} |
:::[[Aneides ferreus|Clouded salamander]], ''Aneides ferreus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59115}} |
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::: |
:::[[Aneides flavipunctatus|Speckled black salamander]], ''Aneides flavipunctatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59116}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
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::::[[Aneides flavipunctatus| |
::::[[Aneides flavipunctatus niger|Santa Cruz black salamander]], ''Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=e|Subspecies<ref name="SSAR17" /> elevated to full species rank}}{{refn|group=n|name=a|Species not recognized by [[Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles|SSAR]]<ref name="SSAR17" />}} |
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::::[[Aneides |
::::[[Aneides iecanus|Shasta salamander]], ''Aneides iecanus''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=e}}{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
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:::[[Aneides hardii|Sacramento Mountains salamander]], ''Aneides hardii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59117}} |
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:::[[Aneides |
:::[[Aneides klamathensis|Klamath black salamander]], ''Aneides klamathensis''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
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:::[[Aneides |
:::[[Aneides lugubris|Arboreal salamander]], ''Aneides lugubris'' {{IUCN status|LC|59118}} |
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:::[[Aneides |
:::[[Aneides vagrans|Wandering salamander]], ''Aneides vagrans'' {{IUCN status|NT|59119}} |
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:::[[Aneides vagrans|Wandering salamander]] ''Aneides vagrans'' {{IUCN status|NT|59119}} |
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:::'''Dusky salamanders''' |
:::'''Dusky salamanders''' |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::[[Desmognathus aeneus|Seepage salamander]], ''Desmognathus aeneus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59243}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::[[Desmognathus auriculatus|Holbrook's southern dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus auriculatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59245}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and|Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
::::[[Desmognathus valtos|Carolina swamp dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus valtos''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
::::[[Desmognathus valentinei|Valentine's southern dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus valentinei'' and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
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::::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus pascagoula|Pascagoula dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus pascagoula''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus brimleyorum|Ouachita dusky salamander]] ''Desmognathus brimleyorum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59246}} |
:::[[Desmognathus brimleyorum|Ouachita dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus brimleyorum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59246}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::[[Desmognathus fuscus|Northern dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus fuscus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59249}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
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::: |
::::[[Desmognathus conanti|Spotted dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus conanti'' |
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::::[[ |
::::[[Flat-headed salamander]], ''Desmognathus planiceps'' |
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:::[[Desmognathus imitator|Imitator salamander]], ''Desmognathus imitator'' {{IUCN status|LC|59250}} |
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:::''Desmognathus marmoratus''/''Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus{{'}}'' complex:<ref name=ASW23 /><ref name="Pyron22_quadramaculatus" /> |
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::::[[Flat-headed salamander]] ''Desmognathus planiceps'' |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
::::[[Desmognathus marmoratus|Shovel-nosed salamander]], ''Desmognathus marmoratus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59251}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus aureatus|Golden shovel-nosed salamander]], ''Desmognathus aureatus''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=f|Subspecies elevated to full species rank<ref name="ASW20" />}}{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
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::: |
:::::[[Desmognathus melanius|Black shovel-nosed salamander]], ''Desmognathus melanius''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
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::::[[Desmognathus |
::::[[Desmognathus intermedius|Central shovel-nosed dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus intermedius''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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::::[[ |
::::Species split from the former [[Blackbelly salamander|black-bellied salamander]], ''Desmognathus quadramaculatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59256}}<br />(complex of "black-bellied salamanders"):<ref name=ASW23 /> |
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::::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus folkertsi|Dwarf black-bellied salamander]], ''Desmognathus folkertsi'' {{IUCN status|DD|59248}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus amphileucus|Nantahala black-bellied salamander]], ''Desmognathus amphileucus''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli|Cherokee blackbellied salamander]], ''Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus kanawha|Kanawha blackbellied salamander]], ''Desmognathus kanawha''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus mavrokoilius|Pisgah black-bellied salamander]], ''Desmognathus mavrokoilius''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::[[ |
:::[[Desmognathus monticola|Seal salamander]], ''Desmognathus monticola'' {{IUCN status|LC|59252}} |
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:::''Desmognathus ochrophaeus'' complex:<ref name="Anderson03" /><ref name="ASW20" /><ref name="Pyron22_ocoee" /> |
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:::[[Desmognathus quadramaculatus|Black-bellied salamander]] ''Desmognathus quadramaculatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59256}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
::::[[Desmognathus ochrophaeus|Mountain dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus ochrophaeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59253}} and: {{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus abditus|Cumberland dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus abditus'' {{IUCN status|NT|61902}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus |
:::::[[Desmognathus carolinensis|Carolina mountain dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus carolinensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59247}} |
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:::::[[Desmognathus ocoee|Ocoee salamander]], ''Desmognathus ocoee'' {{IUCN status|LC|59254}} and: {{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
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::::::[[Desmognathus adatsihi|Cherokee mountain dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus adatsihi''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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::::::[[Desmognathus balsameus|Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus balsameus''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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::::::[[Desmognathus perlapsus|Tallulah salamander]], ''Desmognathus perlapsus''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
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:::::[[Desmognathus orestes|Blue Ridge dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus orestes'' {{IUCN status|LC|59255}} |
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::::[[Desmognathus apalachicolae|Apalachicola dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus apalachicolae'' {{IUCN status|LC|59244}} |
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:::[[Northern pygmy salamander]], ''Desmognathus organi'' |
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:::[[Desmognathus santeetlah|Santeetlah dusky salamander]], ''Desmognathus santeetlah'' {{IUCN status|LC|59257}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus welteri|Black mountain salamander]], ''Desmognathus welteri'' {{IUCN status|LC|59258}} |
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:::[[Desmognathus wrighti|Pygmy salamander]], ''Desmognathus wrighti'' {{IUCN status|LC|59259}} |
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:::'''Ensatina''' |
:::'''Ensatina''' |
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:::[[Ensatina eschscholtzii|Ensatina]] ''Ensatina eschscholtzii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59260}} |
:::[[Ensatina eschscholtzii|Ensatina]], ''Ensatina eschscholtzii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59260}} |
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:::'''Red Hills salamander''' |
:::'''Red Hills salamander''' |
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:::[[Phaeognathus hubrichti|Red Hills salamander]] ''Phaeognathus hubrichti'' {{IUCN status|EN|16801}} {{ESA status|T}} |
:::[[Phaeognathus hubrichti|Red Hills salamander]], ''Phaeognathus hubrichti'' {{IUCN status|EN|16801}} {{ESA status|T}} |
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:::'''Woodland salamanders''' |
:::'''Woodland salamanders''' |
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:::[[Ainsworth's salamander]] or Bay Springs salamander |
:::[[Ainsworth's salamander]] or Bay Springs salamander, ''Plethodon ainsworthi'' {{IUCN status|EX|29488}} |
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:::[[Western slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon albagula'' {{IUCN status|LC|59329}} |
:::[[Western slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon albagula'' {{IUCN status|LC|59329}} |
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:::[[Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander]] ''Plethodon amplus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59330}} |
:::[[Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander]], ''Plethodon amplus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59330}} |
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:::[[Plethodon angusticlavius|Ozark zigzag salamander]] ''Plethodon angusticlavius'' {{IUCN status|LC|59331}} |
:::[[Plethodon angusticlavius|Ozark zigzag salamander]], ''Plethodon angusticlavius'' {{IUCN status|LC|59331}} |
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:::[[Scott Bar salamander]] ''Plethodon asupak'' {{IUCN status|VU|61904}} |
:::[[Scott Bar salamander]], ''Plethodon asupak'' {{IUCN status|VU|61904}} |
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:::[[Tellico salamander]] ''Plethodon aureolus'' {{IUCN status|DD|59332}} |
:::[[Tellico salamander]], ''Plethodon aureolus'' {{IUCN status|DD|59332}} |
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:::[[Caddo Mountain salamander]] ''Plethodon caddoensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|17630}} |
:::[[Caddo Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon caddoensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|17630}} |
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:::[[Chattahoochee slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon chattahoochee'' |
:::[[Chattahoochee slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon chattahoochee'' |
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:::[[Cheoah Bald salamander]] ''Plethodon cheoah'' {{IUCN status|VU|59333}} |
:::[[Cheoah Bald salamander]], ''Plethodon cheoah'' {{IUCN status|VU|59333}} |
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:::[[Atlantic Coast slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon chlorobryonis'' |
:::[[Atlantic Coast slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon chlorobryonis'' |
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:::[[Red-backed salamander]] or eastern red-backed salamander ''Plethodon cinereus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59334}} |
:::[[Red-backed salamander]] or eastern red-backed salamander, ''Plethodon cinereus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59334}} |
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:::[[White-spotted slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon cylindraceus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59335}} |
:::[[White-spotted slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon cylindraceus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59335}} |
||
:::[[Northern zigzag salamander]] ''Plethodon dorsalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59336}} |
:::[[Northern zigzag salamander]], ''Plethodon dorsalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59336}} |
||
:::[[Dunn's |
:::[[Dunn's salamander]], ''Plethodon dunni'' {{IUCN status|LC|59337}} |
||
:::[[Northern ravine salamander]] ''Plethodon electromorphus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59338}} |
:::[[Northern ravine salamander]], ''Plethodon electromorphus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59338}} |
||
:::[[Del Norte salamander]] ''Plethodon elongatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59339}} |
:::[[Del Norte salamander]], ''Plethodon elongatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59339}} |
||
:::[[Fourche Mountain salamander]] ''Plethodon fourchensis'' {{IUCN status|VU|17631}} |
:::[[Fourche Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon fourchensis'' {{IUCN status|VU|17631}} |
||
:::[[Northern slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon glutinosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59340}} |
:::[[Northern slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon glutinosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59340}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}<ref name="ASW23" /> |
||
:::[[Southeastern slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon grobmani'' |
::::[[Southeastern slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon grobmani'' |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Mississippi slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon mississippi'' |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Valley and ridge salamander]], ''Plethodon hoffmani'' {{IUCN status|LC|59341}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Peaks of Otter salamander]], ''Plethodon hubrichti'' {{IUCN status|VU|17632}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Coeur d'Alene salamander]], ''Plethodon idahoensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59342}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Red-cheeked salamander]], ''Plethodon jordani'' {{IUCN status|NT|59343}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Cumberland Plateau salamander]], ''Plethodon kentucki'' {{IUCN status|LC|59344}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Kiamichi slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon kiamichi'' {{IUCN status|DD|59345}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Louisiana slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon kisatchie'' {{IUCN status|LC|59346}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Larch Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon larselli'' {{IUCN status|NT|17625}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[South Mountain graycheeked salamander]], ''Plethodon meridianus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59347}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Southern gray-cheeked salamander]], ''Plethodon metcalfi'' {{IUCN status|LC|59348}} |
||
:::[[Northern gray-cheeked salamander]] ''Plethodon montanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59349}} |
:::[[Northern gray-cheeked salamander]], ''Plethodon montanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59349}} |
||
:::[[Jemez Mountains salamander]] ''Plethodon neomexicanus'' {{IUCN status|NT|17626}} {{ESA status|E}} |
:::[[Jemez Mountains salamander]], ''Plethodon neomexicanus'' {{IUCN status|NT|17626}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Cheat Mountain salamander]] ''Plethodon nettingi'' {{IUCN status|NT|17627}} {{ESA status|T}} |
:::[[Cheat Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon nettingi'' {{IUCN status|NT|17627}} {{ESA status|T}} |
||
:::[[Ocmulgee slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon ocmulgee'' |
:::[[Ocmulgee slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon ocmulgee'' |
||
:::[[Rich Mountain salamander]] ''Plethodon ouachitae'' {{IUCN status|NT|17633}} |
:::[[Rich Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon ouachitae'' {{IUCN status|NT|17633}} |
||
:::[[Pigeon Mountain salamander]] ''Plethodon petraeus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59350}} |
:::[[Pigeon Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon petraeus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59350}} |
||
:::[[White-spotted salamander]] ''Plethodon punctatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59351}} |
:::[[White-spotted salamander]], ''Plethodon punctatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59351}} |
||
:::[[Ravine salamander]] or southern ravine salamander ''Plethodon richmondi'' {{IUCN status|LC|59352}} |
:::[[Ravine salamander]] or southern ravine salamander, ''Plethodon richmondi'' {{IUCN status|LC|59352}} |
||
:::[[Savannah slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon savannah'' |
:::[[Savannah slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon savannah'' |
||
:::[[Sequoyah slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon sequoyah'' {{IUCN status|DD|59353}} |
:::[[Sequoyah slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon sequoyah'' {{IUCN status|DD|59353}} |
||
:::[[Southern red-backed salamander]] ''Plethodon serratus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59354}} |
:::[[Southern red-backed salamander]], ''Plethodon serratus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59354}} |
||
:::[[Shenandoah salamander]] ''Plethodon shenandoah'' {{IUCN status|VU|17629}} {{ESA status|E}} |
:::[[Shenandoah salamander]], ''Plethodon shenandoah'' {{IUCN status|VU|17629}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Big Levels salamander]] ''Plethodon sherando'' {{IUCN status|VU|61905}} |
:::[[Big Levels salamander]], ''Plethodon sherando'' {{IUCN status|VU|61905}} |
||
:::[[Red-legged salamander]] ''Plethodon shermani'' {{IUCN status|VU|59355}} |
:::[[Red-legged salamander]], ''Plethodon shermani'' {{IUCN status|VU|59355}} |
||
:::[[Siskiyou Mountains salamander]] ''Plethodon stormi'' {{IUCN status|EN|17628}} |
:::[[Siskiyou Mountains salamander]], ''Plethodon stormi'' {{IUCN status|EN|17628}} |
||
:::[[Southern Appalachian salamander]] ''Plethodon teyahalee'' {{IUCN status|LC|59356}} |
:::[[Southern Appalachian salamander]], ''Plethodon teyahalee'' {{IUCN status|LC|59356}} |
||
:::[[Van Dyke's |
:::[[Van Dyke's salamander]], ''Plethodon vandykei'' {{IUCN status|LC|59357}} |
||
:::[[South Carolina slimy salamander]] ''Plethodon variolatus'' |
:::[[South Carolina slimy salamander]], ''Plethodon variolatus'' |
||
:::[[Western redback salamander]] ''Plethodon vehiculum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59358}} |
:::[[Western redback salamander]], ''Plethodon vehiculum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59358}} |
||
:::[[Southern zigzag salamander]] ''Plethodon ventralis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59359}} |
:::[[Southern zigzag salamander]], ''Plethodon ventralis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59359}} |
||
:::[[Shenandoah Mountain salamander]] ''Plethodon virginia'' {{IUCN status|NT|59360}} |
:::[[Shenandoah Mountain salamander]], ''Plethodon virginia'' {{IUCN status|NT|59360}} |
||
:::[[Webster's |
:::[[Webster's salamander]], ''Plethodon websteri'' {{IUCN status|LC|59361}} |
||
::: |
:::[[Wehrle's salamander]], ''Plethodon wehrlei'' {{IUCN status|LC|59362}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[ |
::::[[Dixie Caverns salamander]], ''Plethodon dixi''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
::::[[ |
::::[[Blacksburg salamander]], ''Plethodon jacksoni''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
::::[[ |
::::[[Yellow-spotted woodland salamander]], ''Plethodon pauleyi''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[Weller's salamander]], ''Plethodon welleri'' {{IUCN status|EN|59363}} |
|||
:::[[ |
:::[[Yonahlossee salamander]], ''Plethodon yonahlossee'' {{IUCN status|LC|59364}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Patch-nosed salamander]], ''Urspelerpes brucei'' |
||
:::[[Patch-nosed salamander]] ''Urspelerpes brucei'' |
|||
=====Subfamily: [[Spelerpinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Spelerpinae]]===== |
||
:::'''Brook salamanders''' |
:::'''Brook salamanders''' |
||
::: |
:::Two-lined salamander (''Eurycea bislineata'') complex:<ref name="Pierson19" /> |
||
:::[[Northern two-lined salamander]] ''Eurycea bislineata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59261}} |
::::[[Northern two-lined salamander]], ''Eurycea bislineata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59261}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Brownback salamander|Brown-backed salamander]], ''Eurycea aquatica'' |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Junaluska salamander]], ''Eurycea junaluska'' {{IUCN status|VU|59266}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Blue Ridge two-lined salamander]], ''Eurycea wilderae'' {{IUCN status|LC|59279}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Southern two-lined salamander]], ''Eurycea cirrigera'' {{IUCN status|LC|59264}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::::[[Carolina sandhills salamander]], ''Eurycea arenicola'' <ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Salado Springs salamander]], ''Eurycea chisholmensis'' {{IUCN status|VU|59263}} {{ESA status|T}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Three-lined salamander]], ''Eurycea guttolineata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59265}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Cascade Caverns salamander]], ''Eurycea latitans'' {{IUCN status|VU|59267}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}<ref name="ASW23" /> |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Comal blind salamander]], ''Eurycea tridentifera'' {{IUCN status|VU|8393}} |
||
:::[[Eurycea |
:::[[Eurycea longicauda|Long-tailed salamander]], ''Eurycea longicauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|59268}} |
||
:::[[Eurycea |
:::[[Eurycea lucifuga|Cave salamander]], ''Eurycea lucifuga'' {{IUCN status|LC|59269}} |
||
:::''Eurycea multiplicata'' complex:<ref name="Steffen14" /><ref name=ASW23 /> |
|||
:::[[Georgetown salamander]] ''Eurycea naufragia'' {{IUCN status|EN|59271}} {{ESA status|T}} |
|||
:::[[ |
::::[[Many-ribbed salamander]], ''Eurycea multiplicata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59270}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Eurycea spelaea|Grotto salamander]], ''Eurycea spelaea'' {{IUCN status|LC|22707}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::::[[Southern grotto salamander]], ''Eurycea braggi''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::::[[Northern grotto salamander]], ''Eurycea nerea''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[Eurycea |
::::[[Eurycea subfluvicola|Ouachita streambed salamander]], ''Eurycea subfluvicola''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Oklahoma salamander]], ''Eurycea tynerensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|59277}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Eurycea nana|San Marcos salamander]], ''Eurycea nana'' {{IUCN status|VU|8391}} {{ESA status|T}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Georgetown salamander]], ''Eurycea naufragia'' {{IUCN status|EN|59271}} {{ESA status|T}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Texas salamander]], ''Eurycea neotenes'' {{IUCN status|VU|59272}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Blanco River Springs salamander]], ''Eurycea pterophila'' {{IUCN status|DD|59273}} |
||
:::''Eurycea quadridigitata'' complex:<ref name="Wray17" /><ref name=ASW23 /> |
|||
:::[[Oklahoma salamander]] ''Eurycea tynerensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|59277}} |
|||
:::[[ |
::::[[Dwarf salamander|Southeastern dwarf salamander]], ''Eurycea quadridigitata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59274}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Chamberlain's dwarf salamander]], ''Eurycea chamberlaini'' {{IUCN status|DD|59262}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Eurycea hillisi|Hillis's dwarf salamander]], ''Eurycea hillisi''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Eurycea paludicola|Western dwarf salamander]], ''Eurycea paludicola''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
::: |
::::[[Eurycea sphagnicola|Bog dwarf salamander]], ''Eurycea sphagnicola''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
:::[[Barton Springs salamander]], ''Eurycea sosorum'' {{IUCN status|VU|8392}} {{ESA status|E}} |
|||
:::[[Jollyville Plateau salamander]], ''Eurycea tonkawae'' {{IUCN status|EN|59275}} {{ESA status|T}} |
|||
::::''[[Eurycea braggi]]''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
|||
:::[[Valdina Farms salamander]], ''Eurycea troglodytes'' {{IUCN status|DD|59276}} |
|||
:::[[ |
:::[[Austin blind salamander]], ''Eurycea waterlooensis'' {{IUCN status|VU|59278}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Texas blind salamander]], ''Eurycea rathbuni'' {{IUCN status|VU|39262}} {{ESA status|E}} |
|||
:::[[Blanco blind salamander]], ''Eurycea robusta'' {{IUCN status|DD|39263}} |
|||
:::[[Georgia blind salamander]], ''Eurycea wallacei'' {{IUCN status|VU|59284}} |
|||
:::'''Spring salamanders''' |
:::'''Spring salamanders''' |
||
:::[[Berry Cave salamander]] ''Gyrinophilus gulolineatus'' {{IUCN status|EN|59280}} |
:::[[Berry Cave salamander]], ''Gyrinophilus gulolineatus'' {{IUCN status|EN|59280}} |
||
:::[[Tennessee cave salamander]] ''Gyrinophilus palleucus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59281}} |
:::[[Tennessee cave salamander]], ''Gyrinophilus palleucus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59281}} |
||
:::[[Spring salamander]] ''Gyrinophilus porphyriticus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59282}} |
:::[[Spring salamander]], ''Gyrinophilus porphyriticus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59282}} |
||
:::[[West Virginia spring salamander]] ''Gyrinophilus subterraneus'' {{IUCN status|EN|59283}} |
:::[[West Virginia spring salamander]], ''Gyrinophilus subterraneus'' {{IUCN status|EN|59283}} |
||
:::'''Red and mud salamanders''' |
:::'''Red and mud salamanders''' |
||
:::[[Mud salamander]] ''Pseudotriton montanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59403}} and: |
:::[[Mud salamander]], ''Pseudotriton montanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59403}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Midland mud salamander]] ''Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
::::[[Midland mud salamander]], ''Pseudotriton'' (''montanus'') ''diastictus''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[Red salamander]] ''Pseudotriton ruber'' {{IUCN status|LC|59404}} |
:::[[Red salamander]], ''Pseudotriton ruber'' {{IUCN status|LC|59404}} |
||
:::'''Many-lined salamander''' |
:::'''Many-lined salamander''' |
||
:::[[Many-lined salamander]] ''Stereochilus marginatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59406}} |
:::[[Many-lined salamander]], ''Stereochilus marginatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59406}} |
||
=====Subfamily: [[Bolitoglossinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Bolitoglossinae]]===== |
||
:::'''Slender salamanders''' |
:::'''Slender salamanders''' |
||
:::Subgenus: '''''Batrachoseps''''' |
|||
:::[[ |
:::[[California slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps attenuatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59120}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[San Gabriel slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps gabrieli'' {{IUCN status|DD|59122}} |
||
::: |
:::''Batrachoseps diabolicus'' group:<ref name="Jockusch12" /> |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Hell Hollow slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps diabolicus'' {{IUCN status|DD|59121}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps altasierrae'' |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Sequoia slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps kawia'' {{IUCN status|DD|59126}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Kings River slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps regius'' {{IUCN status|VU|59132}} |
||
:::''Batrachoseps nigriventris'' group:<ref name="Jockusch12" /> |
|||
:::[[Gregarious slender salamander]] ''Batrachoseps gregarius'' {{IUCN status|LC|59124}} |
|||
:::[[ |
::::[[Black-bellied slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps nigriventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|59130}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Fairview slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps bramei'' |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Gregarious slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps gregarius'' {{IUCN status|LC|59124}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Relictual slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps relictus'' {{IUCN status|DD|2650}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Kern Canyon slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps simatus'' {{IUCN status|VU|2647}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Batrachoseps stebbinsi|Tehachapi slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps stebbinsi'' {{IUCN status|VU|2648}} |
||
::: |
:::''Batrachoseps pacificus'' group:<ref name="Martínez-Solano12" /> |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Channel Islands slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps pacificus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59131}} |
||
::::[[Arguello slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps wakei''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23|Species not listed in the [[Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles|SSAR]] North American Species Names Database.<ref name="SSARDB23" />}} |
|||
:::[[Relictual slender salamander]] ''Batrachoseps relictus'' {{IUCN status|DD|2650}} |
|||
:::[[ |
::::[[Garden slender salamander|Southern California slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps major'' {{IUCN status|LC|59128}} (desert slender salamander ''B.'' (''m.'') ''aridus'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Lesser slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps minor'' {{IUCN status|DD|59129}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Gabilan Mountains slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps gavilanensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59123}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[San Simeon slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps incognitus'' {{IUCN status|DD|59125}} |
||
::::[[Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps luciae'' {{IUCN status|LC|59127}} |
|||
:::Subgenus: '''''Plethopsis''''' |
|||
:::[[Inyo Mountains salamander]], ''Batrachoseps campi'' {{IUCN status|EN|2649}} |
|||
:::[[Kern Plateau salamander]], ''Batrachoseps robustus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59133}} |
|||
:::[[Oregon slender salamander]], ''Batrachoseps wrighti'' {{IUCN status|VU|59134}} |
|||
=====Subfamily: [[Hemidactyliinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Hemidactyliinae]]===== |
||
:::[[Four-toed salamander|Fourtoed salamander]] ''Hemidactylium scutatum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59285}} |
:::[[Four-toed salamander|Fourtoed salamander]], ''Hemidactylium scutatum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59285}} |
||
====Family: [[Proteidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Proteidae]]==== |
||
:::[[Necturus punctatus|Dwarf waterdog]] ''Necturus punctatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59434}} |
:::[[Necturus punctatus|Dwarf waterdog]], ''Necturus punctatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59434}} |
||
:::[[Alabama waterdog]] ''Necturus alabamensis'' {{IUCN status|EN|59430}} and: |
:::[[Alabama waterdog]], ''Necturus alabamensis'' {{IUCN status|EN|59430}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Necturus lodingi|Mobile waterdog]] ''Necturus lodingi'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (sometimes recognized<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
::::[[Necturus lodingi|Mobile waterdog]], ''Necturus lodingi'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (sometimes recognized,<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
:::[[Gulf Coast waterdog]] ''Necturus beyeri'' {{IUCN status|LC|59431}} |
:::[[Gulf Coast waterdog]], ''Necturus beyeri'' {{IUCN status|LC|59431}} |
||
:::[[Neuse River waterdog]] ''Necturus lewisi'' {{IUCN status|NT|59432}} |
:::[[Neuse River waterdog]], ''Necturus lewisi'' {{IUCN status|NT|59432}} |
||
:::[[Common mudpuppy]] ''Necturus maculosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59433}} and: |
:::[[Common mudpuppy]], ''Necturus maculosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59433}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Necturus louisianensis|Red River mudpuppy]] ''Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis'' <ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=f}} |
::::[[Necturus louisianensis|Red River mudpuppy]], ''Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis'' <ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=f}} |
||
:::[[Apalachicola waterdog]] ''Necturus moleri''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Apalachicola waterdog]], ''Necturus moleri''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
||
:::[[Escambia waterdog]] ''Necturus mounti''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Escambia waterdog]], ''Necturus mounti''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
||
====Family: [[Ambystomatidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Ambystomatidae]]==== |
||
[[Image:Amphiuma means.jpg|thumb|[[Two-toed amphiuma]] ''Amphiuma means'']] |
[[Image:Amphiuma means.jpg|thumb|[[Two-toed amphiuma]], ''Amphiuma means'']] |
||
[[Image:Coastal Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus.jpg|thumb|[[Coastal giant salamander]] ''Dicamptodon tenebrosus'']] |
[[Image:Coastal Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus.jpg|thumb|[[Coastal giant salamander]], ''Dicamptodon tenebrosus'']] |
||
:::[[Ringed salamander]] ''Ambystoma annulatum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59052}} |
:::[[Ringed salamander]], ''Ambystoma annulatum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59052}} |
||
:::[[Streamside salamander]] ''Ambystoma barbouri'' {{IUCN status|NT|59053}} |
:::[[Streamside salamander]], ''Ambystoma barbouri'' {{IUCN status|NT|59053}} |
||
:::[[Ambystoma cingulatum|Frosted flatwoods salamander]] ''Ambystoma cingulatum'' {{IUCN status|VU|1099}} {{ESA status|T}} and: |
:::[[Ambystoma cingulatum|Frosted flatwoods salamander]], ''Ambystoma cingulatum'' {{IUCN status|VU|1099}} {{ESA status|T}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Reticulated flatwoods salamander]] ''Ambystoma bishopi'' {{IUCN status|VU|136128}} {{ESA status|E}} |
::::[[Reticulated flatwoods salamander]], ''Ambystoma bishopi'' {{IUCN status|VU|136128}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[California tiger salamander]] ''Ambystoma californiense'' {{IUCN status|VU|1098}} (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties {{ESA status|E}}, central California {{ESA status|T}}) |
:::[[California tiger salamander]], ''Ambystoma californiense'' {{IUCN status|VU|1098}} (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties {{ESA status|E}}, central California {{ESA status|T}}) |
||
:::[[Northwestern salamander]] ''Ambystoma gracile'' {{IUCN status|LC|59057}} |
:::[[Northwestern salamander]], ''Ambystoma gracile'' {{IUCN status|LC|59057}} |
||
:::[[Jefferson salamander]] ''Ambystoma jeffersonianum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59059}} |
:::[[Jefferson salamander]], ''Ambystoma jeffersonianum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59059}} |
||
:::[[Blue-spotted salamander]] ''Ambystoma laterale'' {{IUCN status|LC|59060}} |
:::[[Blue-spotted salamander]], ''Ambystoma laterale'' {{IUCN status|LC|59060}} |
||
:::[[Mabee's |
:::[[Mabee's salamander]], ''Ambystoma mabeei'' {{IUCN status|LC|59062}} |
||
:::[[Long-toed salamander]] ''Ambystoma macrodactylum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59063}} (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander ''A. m. croceum'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
:::[[Long-toed salamander]], ''Ambystoma macrodactylum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59063}} (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, ''A. m. croceum'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
||
:::[[Spotted salamander]] ''Ambystoma maculatum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59064}} |
:::[[Spotted salamander]], ''Ambystoma maculatum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59064}} |
||
:::[[Ambystoma mavortium|Western tiger salamander]] ''Ambystoma mavortium'' (Sonoran tiger salamander ''A. m. stebbinsi'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
:::[[Ambystoma mavortium|Western tiger salamander]], ''Ambystoma mavortium'' (Sonoran tiger salamander, ''A. m. stebbinsi'': {{ESA status|E}}) |
||
:::[[Ambystoma opacum|Marbled salamander]] ''Ambystoma opacum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59065}} |
:::[[Ambystoma opacum|Marbled salamander]], ''Ambystoma opacum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59065}} |
||
:::[[Ambystoma talpoideum|Mole salamander]] ''Ambystoma talpoideum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59069}} |
:::[[Ambystoma talpoideum|Mole salamander]], ''Ambystoma talpoideum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59069}} |
||
:::[[Ambystoma texanum|Small-mouthed salamander]] ''Ambystoma texanum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59071}} |
:::[[Ambystoma texanum|Small-mouthed salamander]], ''Ambystoma texanum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59071}} |
||
:::[[Ambystoma tigrinum|Eastern tiger salamander]] ''Ambystoma tigrinum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59072}} |
:::[[Ambystoma tigrinum|Eastern tiger salamander]], ''Ambystoma tigrinum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59072}} |
||
====Family: [[Amphiumidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Amphiumidae]]==== |
||
:::[[Amphiuma means|Two-toed amphiuma]] ''Amphiuma means'' {{IUCN status|LC|59074}} |
:::[[Amphiuma means|Two-toed amphiuma]], ''Amphiuma means'' {{IUCN status|LC|59074}} |
||
:::[[Amphiuma pholeter|One-toed amphiuma]] ''Amphiuma pholeter'' {{IUCN status|NT|59075}} |
:::[[Amphiuma pholeter|One-toed amphiuma]], ''Amphiuma pholeter'' {{IUCN status|NT|59075}} |
||
:::[[Amphiuma tridactylum|Three-toed amphiuma]] ''Amphiuma tridactylum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59076}} |
:::[[Amphiuma tridactylum|Three-toed amphiuma]], ''Amphiuma tridactylum'' {{IUCN status|LC|59076}} |
||
====Family: [[Dicamptodontidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Dicamptodontidae]]==== |
||
:::[[Dicamptodon aterrimus|Idaho giant salamander]] ''Dicamptodon aterrimus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59078}} |
:::[[Dicamptodon aterrimus|Idaho giant salamander]], ''Dicamptodon aterrimus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59078}} |
||
:::[[Dicamptodon copei| |
:::[[Dicamptodon copei|Cope's giant salamander]], ''Dicamptodon copei'' {{IUCN status|LC|59079}} |
||
:::[[Dicamptodon ensatus|California giant salamander]] ''Dicamptodon ensatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59080}} |
:::[[Dicamptodon ensatus|California giant salamander]], ''Dicamptodon ensatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|59080}} |
||
:::[[Dicamptodon tenebrosus|Coastal giant salamander]] ''Dicamptodon tenebrosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59081}} |
:::[[Dicamptodon tenebrosus|Coastal giant salamander]], ''Dicamptodon tenebrosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59081}} |
||
====Family: [[Rhyacotritonidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Rhyacotritonidae]]==== |
||
[[Image:Siren intermedia 1.jpg|thumb|[[Lesser siren]] ''Siren intermedia'']] |
[[Image:Siren intermedia 1.jpg|thumb|[[Lesser siren]], ''Siren intermedia'']] |
||
:::[[Rhyacotriton cascadae|Cascade torrent salamander]] ''Rhyacotriton cascadae'' {{IUCN status|NT|59435}} |
:::[[Rhyacotriton cascadae|Cascade torrent salamander]], ''Rhyacotriton cascadae'' {{IUCN status|NT|59435}} |
||
:::[[Rhyacotriton kezeri|Columbia torrent salamander]] ''Rhyacotriton kezeri'' {{IUCN status|NT|59436}} |
:::[[Rhyacotriton kezeri|Columbia torrent salamander]], ''Rhyacotriton kezeri'' {{IUCN status|NT|59436}} |
||
:::[[Rhyacotriton olympicus|Olympic torrent salamander]] ''Rhyacotriton olympicus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59437}} |
:::[[Rhyacotriton olympicus|Olympic torrent salamander]], ''Rhyacotriton olympicus'' {{IUCN status|VU|59437}} |
||
:::[[Rhyacotriton variegatus|Southern torrent salamander]] ''Rhyacotriton variegatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59438}} |
:::[[Rhyacotriton variegatus|Southern torrent salamander]], ''Rhyacotriton variegatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59438}} |
||
===Suborder: [[Sirenoidea]]=== |
===Suborder: [[Sirenoidea]]=== |
||
| Line 327: | Line 300: | ||
====Family: [[Sirenidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Sirenidae]]==== |
||
:::'''Dwarf sirens''' |
:::'''Dwarf sirens''' |
||
:::[[Pseudobranchus axanthus|Southern dwarf siren]] ''Pseudobranchus axanthus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59489}} |
:::[[Pseudobranchus axanthus|Southern dwarf siren]], ''Pseudobranchus axanthus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59489}} |
||
:::[[Pseudobranchus striatus|Northern dwarf siren]] ''Pseudobranchus striatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59490}} |
:::[[Pseudobranchus striatus|Northern dwarf siren]], ''Pseudobranchus striatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|59490}} |
||
:::'''Sirens''' |
:::'''Sirens''' |
||
:::[[Siren intermedia|Lesser siren]] ''Siren intermedia'' {{IUCN status|LC|59491}} |
:::[[Siren intermedia|Lesser siren]], ''Siren intermedia'' {{IUCN status|LC|59491}} |
||
:::[[Siren lacertina|Greater siren]] ''Siren lacertina'' {{IUCN status|LC|59492}} |
:::[[Siren lacertina|Greater siren]], ''Siren lacertina'' {{IUCN status|LC|59492}} |
||
:::[[Siren reticulata|Reticulated siren]] ''Siren reticulata''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Siren reticulata|Reticulated siren]], ''Siren reticulata''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
||
==Order: [[Frog|Anura]]== |
==Order: [[Frog|Anura]]== |
||
[[File:Bullfrog - Rana catesbeiana.jpg|thumb|[[American bullfrog]]<br />''Lithobates catesbeiana'']] |
[[File:Bullfrog - Rana catesbeiana.jpg|thumb|[[American bullfrog]]<br />''Lithobates catesbeiana'']] |
||
[[File:Ascaphus truei web.jpg|thumb|Coastal [[tailed frog]] ''Ascaphus truei'']] |
[[File:Ascaphus truei web.jpg|thumb|Coastal [[tailed frog]], ''Ascaphus truei'']] |
||
[[File:Bufo americanusPCCA20060417-3354B.jpg|thumb|[[American toad]]<br />''Anaxyrus americanus ''<br />- detail of [[parotoid gland]]s]] |
[[File:Bufo americanusPCCA20060417-3354B.jpg|thumb|[[American toad]]<br />''Anaxyrus americanus ''<br />- detail of [[parotoid gland]]s]] |
||
[[File:Spea hammondii 1.jpg|thumb|[[Spea hammondii|Western spadefoot toad]]<br />''Spea hammondii'']] |
[[File:Spea hammondii 1.jpg|thumb|[[Spea hammondii|Western spadefoot toad]]<br />''Spea hammondii'']] |
||
[[File:Gray tree frog.jpg|right|thumb|[[Gray tree frog]] ''Hyla versicolor'']] |
[[File:Gray tree frog.jpg|right|thumb|[[Gray tree frog]], ''Hyla versicolor'']] |
||
===Suborder: [[Archaeobatrachia]]=== |
===Suborder: [[Archaeobatrachia]]=== |
||
====Family: [[Ascaphidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Ascaphidae]]==== |
||
:::[[Rocky Mountain tailed frog]] ''Ascaphus montanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54413}} |
:::[[Rocky Mountain tailed frog]], ''Ascaphus montanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54413}} |
||
:::[[Coastal tailed frog]] ''Ascaphus truei'' {{IUCN status|LC|54414}} |
:::[[Coastal tailed frog]], ''Ascaphus truei'' {{IUCN status|LC|54414}} |
||
===Suborder: [[Mesobatrachia]]=== |
===Suborder: [[Mesobatrachia]]=== |
||
====Family: [[Pipidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Pipidae]]==== |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[African clawed frog]], ''Xenopus laevis'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|58174}} |
||
:::[[Western clawed frog]], ''Xenopus tropicalis'' <nowiki>*</nowiki><ref name="ASW23" />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} {{IUCN status|LC|89256756/107607050}} |
|||
====Family: [[Rhinophrynidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Rhinophrynidae]]==== |
||
:::[[Rhinophrynus dorsalis|Burrowing toad]] ''Rhinophrynus dorsalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59040}} |
:::[[Rhinophrynus dorsalis|Burrowing toad]], ''Rhinophrynus dorsalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|59040}} |
||
====Family: [[Scaphiopodidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Scaphiopodidae]]==== |
||
:::'''North American spadefoot toads''' |
:::'''North American spadefoot toads''' |
||
:::[[Scaphiopus couchii| |
:::[[Scaphiopus couchii|Couch's spadefoot]], ''Scaphiopus couchii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59041}} |
||
:::[[Scaphiopus holbrookii|Eastern spadefoot]] ''Scaphiopus holbrookii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59042}} |
:::[[Scaphiopus holbrookii|Eastern spadefoot]], ''Scaphiopus holbrookii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59042}} |
||
:::[[Scaphiopus hurterii| |
:::[[Scaphiopus hurterii|Hurter's spadefoot]], ''Scaphiopus hurterii'' {{IUCN status|LC|59043}} |
||
:::'''Western spadefoot toads''' |
:::'''Western spadefoot toads''' |
||
:::[[Spea bombifrons|Plains spadefoot]] ''Spea bombifrons'' {{IUCN status|LC|59044}} |
:::[[Spea bombifrons|Plains spadefoot]], ''Spea bombifrons'' {{IUCN status|LC|59044}} |
||
:::[[Spea hammondii|Western spadefoot]] ''Spea hammondii'' {{IUCN status|NT|59045}} |
:::[[Spea hammondii|Western spadefoot]], ''Spea hammondii'' {{IUCN status|NT|59045}} |
||
:::[[Spea intermontana|Great Basin spadefoot]] ''Spea intermontana'' {{IUCN status|LC|59046}} |
:::[[Spea intermontana|Great Basin spadefoot]], ''Spea intermontana'' {{IUCN status|LC|59046}} |
||
:::[[Spea multiplicata|Mexican spadefoot]] ''Spea multiplicata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59047}} |
:::[[Spea multiplicata|Mexican spadefoot]], ''Spea multiplicata'' {{IUCN status|LC|59047}} |
||
===Suborder: [[Neobatrachia]]=== |
===Suborder: [[Neobatrachia]]=== |
||
====Family: [[Bufonidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Bufonidae]]==== |
||
:::[[American toad]] ''Anaxyrus americanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54570}} |
:::[[American toad]], ''Anaxyrus americanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54570}} |
||
:::[[Wyoming toad]] ''Anaxyrus baxteri'' {{IUCN status|EW|54583}} |
:::[[Wyoming toad]], ''Anaxyrus baxteri'' {{IUCN status|EW|54583}} |
||
:::[[Western toad]] ''Anaxyrus boreas'' {{IUCN status| |
:::[[Western toad]], ''Anaxyrus boreas'' {{IUCN status|LC|3179}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Amargosa toad]] ''Anaxyrus nelsoni'' {{IUCN status|EN|3181}} |
::::[[Amargosa toad]], ''Anaxyrus nelsoni'' {{IUCN status|EN|3181}} |
||
:::[[Arroyo toad]] ''Anaxyrus californicus'' {{IUCN status|EN|54599}} {{ESA status|E}} |
:::[[Arroyo toad]], ''Anaxyrus californicus'' {{IUCN status|EN|54599}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Yosemite toad]] ''Anaxyrus canorus'' {{IUCN status|EN|3180}} |
:::[[Yosemite toad]], ''Anaxyrus canorus'' {{IUCN status|EN|3180}} |
||
:::[[Great Plains toad]] ''Anaxyrus cognatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54612}} |
:::[[Great Plains toad]], ''Anaxyrus cognatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54612}} |
||
:::[[Anaxyrus debilis|Chihuahuan green toad]] ''Anaxyrus debilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|54626}} |
:::[[Anaxyrus debilis|Chihuahuan green toad]], ''Anaxyrus debilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|54626}} |
||
:::[[Black toad]] ''Anaxyrus exsul'' {{IUCN status|VU|3169}} |
:::[[Black toad]], ''Anaxyrus exsul'' {{IUCN status|VU|3169}} |
||
:::[[Fowler's |
:::[[Fowler's toad]], ''Anaxyrus fowleri'' {{IUCN status|LC|54640}} |
||
:::[[Canadian toad]] ''Anaxyrus hemiophrys'' {{IUCN status|LC|54661}} {{ESA status|E}} |
:::[[Canadian toad]], ''Anaxyrus hemiophrys'' {{IUCN status|LC|54661}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Houston toad]] ''Anaxyrus houstonensis'' {{IUCN status|EN|3170}} {{ESA status|E}} |
:::[[Houston toad]], ''Anaxyrus houstonensis'' {{IUCN status|EN|3170}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Arizona toad]] ''Anaxyrus microscaphus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54709}} |
:::[[Arizona toad]], ''Anaxyrus microscaphus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54709}} |
||
:::[[Hot Creek toad]] ''Anaxyrus monfontanus''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Hot Creek toad]], ''Anaxyrus monfontanus''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
||
:::[[Railroad Valley toad]] ''Anaxyrus nevadensis''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
:::[[Railroad Valley toad]], ''Anaxyrus nevadensis''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} |
||
:::[[Red-spotted toad]] ''Anaxyrus punctatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54739}} |
:::[[Red-spotted toad]], ''Anaxyrus punctatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54739}} |
||
:::[[Oak toad]] ''Anaxyrus quercicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54743}} |
:::[[Oak toad]], ''Anaxyrus quercicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54743}} |
||
:::[[Sonoran green toad]] ''Anaxyrus retiformis'' {{IUCN status|LC|3173}} |
:::[[Sonoran green toad]], ''Anaxyrus retiformis'' {{IUCN status|LC|3173}} |
||
:::[[Texas toad]] ''Anaxyrus speciosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54761}} |
:::[[Texas toad]], ''Anaxyrus speciosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|54761}} |
||
:::[[Southern toad]] ''Anaxyrus terrestris'' {{IUCN status|LC|54777}} |
:::[[Southern toad]], ''Anaxyrus terrestris'' {{IUCN status|LC|54777}} |
||
:::[[Woodhouse's |
:::[[Woodhouse's toad]], ''Anaxyrus woodhousii'' {{IUCN status|LC|54798}} |
||
:::[[Anaxyrus williamsi|Dixie Valley toad]] ''Anaxyrus williamsi''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
:::[[Anaxyrus williamsi|Dixie Valley toad]], ''Anaxyrus williamsi''<ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[Colorado River toad]] ''Incilius alvarius'' {{IUCN status|LC|54567}} |
:::[[Colorado River toad]], ''Incilius alvarius'' {{IUCN status|LC|54567}} |
||
:::[[Coastal plains toad]] ''Incilius nebulifer'' {{IUCN status|LC|54714}} (formerly in ''[[Bufo valliceps|Incilius valliceps]]'') |
:::[[Coastal plains toad]], ''Incilius nebulifer'' {{IUCN status|LC|54714}} (formerly in ''[[Bufo valliceps|Incilius valliceps]]'') |
||
:::[[Cane toad|South American cane toad]] ''Rhinella marina'' {{IUCN status|LC|41065}} |
:::[[Cane toad|South American cane toad]], ''Rhinella marina'' {{IUCN status|LC|41065}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Rhinella horribilis|Mesoamerican Cane toad]] ''Rhinella horribilis''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
::::[[Rhinella horribilis|Mesoamerican Cane toad]], ''Rhinella horribilis''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
====Family: [[Hylidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Hylidae]]==== |
||
| Line 400: | Line 374: | ||
=====Subfamily: [[Hylinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Hylinae]]===== |
||
:::'''Tree frogs''' |
:::'''Tree frogs''' |
||
:::[[Pine Barrens tree frog]] ''Hyla andersonii'' (''Dryophytes andersonii''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|NT|10350}} |
:::[[Pine Barrens tree frog]], ''Hyla andersonii'' (''Dryophytes andersonii''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|NT|10350}} |
||
:::[[Canyon tree frog]] ''Hyla arenicolor'' (''Dryophytes arenicolor''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55396}} |
:::[[Canyon tree frog]], ''Hyla arenicolor'' (''Dryophytes arenicolor''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55396}} |
||
:::[[Hyla avivoca|Bird-voiced tree frog]] ''Hyla avivoca'' (''Dryophytes avivoca''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55403}} |
:::[[Hyla avivoca|Bird-voiced tree frog]], ''Hyla avivoca'' (''Dryophytes avivoca''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55403}} |
||
:::[[Cope's |
:::[[Cope's gray treefrog]], ''Hyla chrysoscelis'' (''Dryophytes chrysoscelis''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55448}} |
||
:::[[American green tree frog]] ''Hyla cinerea'' (''Dryophytes cinereus''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55449}} |
:::[[American green tree frog]], ''Hyla cinerea'' (''Dryophytes cinereus''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55449}} |
||
:::[[Pine woods tree frog |
:::[[Pine woods tree frog]], ''Hyla femoralis'' (''Dryophytes femoralis''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55481}} |
||
:::[[Hyla gratiosa|Barking tree frog]] ''Hyla gratiosa'' (''Dryophytes gratiosus''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55495}} |
:::[[Hyla gratiosa|Barking tree frog]], ''Hyla gratiosa'' (''Dryophytes gratiosus''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55495}} |
||
:::[[Squirrel tree frog]] ''Hyla squirella'' (''Dryophytes squirellus''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55662}} |
:::[[Squirrel tree frog]], ''Hyla squirella'' (''Dryophytes squirellus''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55662}} |
||
:::[[Gray tree frog]] ''Hyla versicolor'' (''Dryophytes versicolor''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55687}} |
:::[[Gray tree frog]], ''Hyla versicolor'' (''Dryophytes versicolor''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55687}} |
||
:::[[Hyla wrightorum|Arizona tree frog]] ''Hyla wrightorum'' (''Dryophytes wrightorum''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55696}} (formerly in ''[[Hyla eximia]]'') |
:::[[Hyla wrightorum|Arizona tree frog]], ''Hyla wrightorum'' (''Dryophytes wrightorum''<ref name="Duellman16" />) {{IUCN status|LC|55696}} (formerly in ''[[Hyla eximia]]'') |
||
:::'''Chorus frogs''' |
:::'''Chorus frogs''' |
||
:::[[Mountain chorus frog]] ''Pseudacris brachyphona'' {{IUCN status|LC|55888}} |
:::[[Mountain chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris brachyphona'' {{IUCN status|LC|55888}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
:::[[ |
::::[[Collinses' mountain chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris collinsorum''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Brimley's chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris brimleyi'' {{IUCN status|LC|55889}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[California tree frog]], ''Pseudacris cadaverina'' {{IUCN status|LC|55890}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Spotted chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris clarkii'' {{IUCN status|LC|55891}} |
||
::: |
:::[[Spring peeper]], ''Pseudacris crucifer'' {{IUCN status|LC|55892}} |
||
:::[[Western chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris triseriata'' {{IUCN status|LC|55899}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
|||
::::[[Pseudacris feriarum|Upland chorus frog]] ''Pseudacris feriarum'' {{IUCN status|LC|55893}} and: |
::::[[Pseudacris feriarum|Upland chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris feriarum'' {{IUCN status|LC|55893}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
:::::[[Pseudacris fouquettei|Cajun chorus frog]] ''Pseudacris fouquettei'' {{IUCN status|LC|135819}} |
:::::[[Pseudacris fouquettei|Cajun chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris fouquettei'' {{IUCN status|LC|135819}} |
||
::::[[Pseudacris kalmi|New Jersey chorus frog]] ''Pseudacris kalmi'' {{IUCN status|LC|136134}} |
::::[[Pseudacris kalmi|New Jersey chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris kalmi'' {{IUCN status|LC|136134}} |
||
::: |
:::[[Pacific tree frog]], ''Pseudacris regilla'' {{IUCN status|LC|55897}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[ |
::::[[Pseudacris hypochondriaca|Baja California tree frog]], ''Pseudacris hypochondriaca'' |
||
::::[[Pseudacris |
::::[[Pseudacris sierra|Sierran tree frog]], ''Pseudacris sierra'' |
||
:::[[Illinois chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris illinoensis'' or ''Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis'' |
|||
:::[[ |
:::[[Boreal chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris maculata'' {{IUCN status|LC|136004}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Southern chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris nigrita'' {{IUCN status|LC|55894}} |
||
:::[[ |
:::[[Pseudacris ocularis|Little grass frog]], ''Pseudacris ocularis'' {{IUCN status|LC|55895}} |
||
:::[[Pseudacris |
:::[[Pseudacris ornata|Ornate chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris ornata'' {{IUCN status|LC|55896}} |
||
:::[[Pseudacris |
:::[[Pseudacris streckeri|Strecker's chorus frog]], ''Pseudacris streckeri'' {{IUCN status|LC|55898}} |
||
:::[[Pseudacris streckeri|Strecker’s chorus frog]] ''Pseudacris streckeri'' {{IUCN status|LC|55898}} |
|||
:::'''Cricket frogs''' |
:::'''Cricket frogs''' |
||
:::[[Acris crepitans|Cricket frog]] ''Acris crepitans'' {{IUCN status|LC|55286}} and: |
:::[[Acris crepitans|Cricket frog]], ''Acris crepitans'' {{IUCN status|LC|55286}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Blanchard's |
::::[[Blanchard's cricket frog]], ''Acris (crepitans) blanchardi''{{refn|group=n|name=d|Subspecies elevated to full species rank<ref name="SSAR17" />}} |
||
:::[[Acris gryllus|Southern cricket frog]] ''Acris gryllus'' {{IUCN status|LC|55287}} |
:::[[Acris gryllus|Southern cricket frog]], ''Acris gryllus'' {{IUCN status|LC|55287}} |
||
:::'''Other tree frogs''' |
:::'''Other tree frogs''' |
||
:::[[Osteopilus septentrionalis|Cuban tree frog]] ''Osteopilus septentrionalis'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|55811}} |
:::[[Osteopilus septentrionalis|Cuban tree frog]], ''Osteopilus septentrionalis'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|55811}} |
||
:::[[Smilisca baudinii|Mexican tree frog]] ''Smilisca baudinii'' {{IUCN status|LC|56006}} |
:::[[Smilisca baudinii|Mexican tree frog]], ''Smilisca baudinii'' {{IUCN status|LC|56006}} |
||
:::[[Smilisca fodiens|Lowland burrowing tree frog]] ''Smilisca fodiens'' {{IUCN status|LC|55907}} |
:::[[Smilisca fodiens|Lowland burrowing tree frog]], ''Smilisca fodiens'' {{IUCN status|LC|55907}} |
||
====Family: [[Pelodryadinae|Pelodryadidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Pelodryadinae|Pelodryadidae]]==== |
||
:::'''(Australian treefrogs)''' |
:::'''(Australian treefrogs)''' |
||
:::[[Litoria caerulea|Australian |
:::[[Litoria caerulea|Australian green tree frog]], ''Ranoidea caerulea'' <nowiki>*</nowiki><ref name="ASW20" />{{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41082}} |
||
====Family: [[Ranidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Ranidae]]==== |
||
:::'''Typical frogs''' |
:::'''Typical frogs''' |
||
:::[[Rana aurora|Northern red-legged frog]] ''Rana aurora'' {{IUCN status|LC|58553}} and: |
:::[[Rana aurora|Northern red-legged frog]], ''Rana aurora'' {{IUCN status|LC|58553}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Rana draytonii|California red-legged frog]] ''Rana draytonii'' {{IUCN status|VU|136113}} {{ESA status|T}} |
::::[[Rana draytonii|California red-legged frog]], ''Rana draytonii'' {{IUCN status|VU|136113}} {{ESA status|T}} |
||
:::[[Rana boylii|Foothill yellow-legged frog]] ''Rana boylii'' {{IUCN status|NT|19175}} |
:::[[Rana boylii|Foothill yellow-legged frog]], ''Rana boylii'' {{IUCN status|NT|19175}} |
||
:::[[Rana cascadae|Cascades frog]] ''Rana cascadae'' {{IUCN status|NT|19176}} |
:::[[Rana cascadae|Cascades frog]], ''Rana cascadae'' {{IUCN status|NT|19176}} |
||
:::[[Rana luteiventris|Columbia spotted frog]] ''Rana luteiventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|58649}} |
:::[[Rana luteiventris|Columbia spotted frog]], ''Rana luteiventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|58649}} |
||
:::[[Rana muscosa|Southern mountain yellow-legged frog]] ''Rana muscosa'' {{IUCN status|EN|19177}} {{ESA status|E}} and: |
:::[[Rana muscosa|Southern mountain yellow-legged frog]], ''Rana muscosa'' {{IUCN status|EN|19177}} {{ESA status|E}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Rana sierrae|Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog]] ''Rana sierrae'' {{IUCN status|EN|136114}} |
::::[[Rana sierrae|Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog]], ''Rana sierrae'' {{IUCN status|EN|136114}} |
||
:::[[Rana pretiosa|Oregon spotted frog]] ''Rana pretiosa'' {{IUCN status|VU|19179}} |
:::[[Rana pretiosa|Oregon spotted frog]], ''Rana pretiosa'' {{IUCN status|VU|19179}} |
||
:::'''Water frogs''' |
:::'''Water frogs''' |
||
:::[[American bullfrog]] ''Lithobates catesbeianus'' {{IUCN status|LC|58565}} |
:::[[American bullfrog]], ''Lithobates catesbeianus'' {{IUCN status|LC|58565}} |
||
:::[[Gopher frog]] ''Lithobates capito'' {{IUCN status|NT|58564}} |
:::[[Gopher frog]], ''Lithobates capito'' {{IUCN status|NT|58564}} |
||
:::[[Crawfish frog]] ''Lithobates areolatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|58546}} |
:::[[Crawfish frog]], ''Lithobates areolatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|58546}} |
||
:::[[Mississippi gopher frog]] or dusky gopher frog ''Lithobates sevosus'' {{IUCN status|CR|58714}} {{ESA status|E}} |
:::[[Mississippi gopher frog]] or dusky gopher frog, ''Lithobates sevosus'' {{IUCN status|CR|58714}} {{ESA status|E}} |
||
:::[[Rio Grande leopard frog]] ''Lithobates berlandieri'' {{IUCN status|LC|58561}} |
:::[[Rio Grande leopard frog]], ''Lithobates berlandieri'' {{IUCN status|LC|58561}} |
||
:::[[Plains leopard frog]] ''Lithobates blairi'' {{IUCN status|LC|58562}} |
:::[[Plains leopard frog]], ''Lithobates blairi'' {{IUCN status|LC|58562}} |
||
:::[[Chiricahua leopard frog]] ''Lithobates chiricahuensis'' {{IUCN status|VU|58575}} {{ESA status|T}} and: |
:::[[Chiricahua leopard frog]], ''Lithobates chiricahuensis'' {{IUCN status|VU|58575}} {{ESA status|T}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Ramsey Canyon leopard frog]] ''Lithobates subaquavocalis'' {{IUCN status|CR|19180}},<ref name="IUCN_19180" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
::::[[Ramsey Canyon leopard frog]], ''Lithobates subaquavocalis'' {{IUCN status|CR|19180}},<ref name="IUCN_19180" />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[Rana clamitans|Green frog]] ''Lithobates clamitans'' or ''Rana clamitans'' {{IUCN status|LC|58578}} |
:::[[Rana clamitans|Green frog]], ''Lithobates clamitans'' or ''Rana clamitans'' {{IUCN status|LC|58578}} |
||
:::[[Vegas Valley leopard frog]] |
:::[[Vegas Valley leopard frog]], ''Lithobates fisheri'' {{IUCN status|EX|19148}} |
||
:::[[Pig frog]] ''Lithobates grylio'' {{IUCN status|LC|58611}} |
:::[[Pig frog]], ''Lithobates grylio'' {{IUCN status|LC|58611}} |
||
:::[[River frog]] ''Lithobates heckscheri'' {{IUCN status|LC|58614}} |
:::[[River frog]], ''Lithobates heckscheri'' {{IUCN status|LC|58614}} |
||
:::[[Florida bog frog]] ''Lithobates okaloosae'' or ''Rana okaloosae'' {{IUCN status|VU|58684}} |
:::[[Florida bog frog]], ''Lithobates okaloosae'' or ''Rana okaloosae'' {{IUCN status|VU|58684}} |
||
:::[[Relict leopard frog]] ''Lithobates onca'' or ''Rana onca'' {{IUCN status|EN|19178}} |
:::[[Relict leopard frog]], ''Lithobates onca'' or ''Rana onca'' {{IUCN status|EN|19178}} |
||
:::[[Pickerel frog]] ''Lithobates palustris'' {{IUCN status|LC|58690}} |
:::[[Pickerel frog]], ''Lithobates palustris'' {{IUCN status|LC|58690}} |
||
:::[[Lithobates pipiens|Northern leopard frog]] ''Lithobates pipiens'' or ''Rana pipiens'' {{IUCN status|LC|58695}} and: |
:::[[Lithobates pipiens|Northern leopard frog]], ''Lithobates pipiens'' or ''Rana pipiens'' {{IUCN status|LC|58695}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Lithobates kauffeldi|Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog]] ''Lithobates kauffeldi''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
::::[[Lithobates kauffeldi|Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog]], ''Lithobates kauffeldi''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
:::[[Mink frog]] ''Lithobates septentrionalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|58713}} |
:::[[Mink frog]], ''Lithobates septentrionalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|58713}} |
||
:::[[Southern leopard frog]] ''Lithobates sphenocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|58723}} |
:::[[Southern leopard frog]], ''Lithobates sphenocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|58723}} |
||
:::[[Wood frog]] ''Lithobates sylvaticus'' {{IUCN status|LC|58728}} |
:::[[Wood frog]], ''Lithobates sylvaticus'' {{IUCN status|LC|58728}} |
||
:::[[Tarahumara frog]] ''Lithobates tarahumarae'' or ''Rana tarahumarae'' {{IUCN status|VU|58731}} |
:::[[Tarahumara frog]], ''Lithobates tarahumarae'' or ''Rana tarahumarae'' {{IUCN status|VU|58731}} |
||
:::[[Carpenter frog]] ''Lithobates virgatipes'' {{IUCN status|LC|58747}} |
:::[[Carpenter frog]], ''Lithobates virgatipes'' {{IUCN status|LC|58747}} |
||
:::[[Lowland leopard frog]] ''Lithobates yavapaiensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|19181}} |
:::[[Lowland leopard frog]], ''Lithobates yavapaiensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|19181}} |
||
:::[[Glandirana rugosa|Japanese wrinkled frog]] ''Glandirana rugosa'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|58706}} ([[Hawaii]] only) |
:::[[Glandirana rugosa|Japanese wrinkled frog]], ''Glandirana rugosa'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|58706}} ([[Hawaii]] only) |
||
====Family: [[Craugastoridae]]==== |
====Family: [[Craugastoridae]]==== |
||
:::[[Craugastor augusti|Barking frog]] ''Craugastor augusti'' {{IUCN status|LC|56438}} |
:::[[Craugastor augusti|Barking frog]], ''Craugastor augusti'' {{IUCN status|LC|56438}} |
||
====Family: [[Eleutherodactylidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Eleutherodactylidae]]==== |
||
=====Subfamily: [[Eleutherodactylinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Eleutherodactylinae]]===== |
||
:::[[Eleutherodactylus coqui|Coquí]] ''Eleutherodactylus coqui'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|56522}} ([[Puerto Rico]] only) |
:::[[Eleutherodactylus coqui|Coquí]], ''Eleutherodactylus coqui'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|56522}} ([[Puerto Rico]] only) |
||
:::[[Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides|Rio Grande chirping frog]] ''Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides'' {{IUCN status|LC|56547}}, only: |
:::[[Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides|Rio Grande chirping frog]], ''Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides'' {{IUCN status|LC|56547}}, only: |
||
::::[[Eleutherodactylus campi|Rio Grande chirping frog]] ''Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
::::[[Eleutherodactylus campi|Rio Grande chirping frog]], ''Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi''<ref name=ASW20 /><ref name=AMWEB20 />{{refn|group=n|name=a}} |
||
:::[[Eleutherodactylus guttilatus|Spotted chirping frog]] ''Eleutherodactylus guttilatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|56643}} |
:::[[Eleutherodactylus guttilatus|Spotted chirping frog]], ''Eleutherodactylus guttilatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|56643}} |
||
:::[[Eleutherodactylus marnockii|Cliff chirping frog]] ''Eleutherodactylus marnockii'' {{IUCN status|LC|56744}} |
|||
:::[[ |
:::[[Antilles coqui]], ''Eleutherodactylus johnstonei'' <ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} {{IUCN status|LC|56684/3047195}} ([[Bermuda]], introduced), and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Eleutherodactylus montserratae|Montserrat whistling frog]], ''Eleutherodactylus montserratae''<ref name=ASW23 />{{refn|group=n|name=not_SSAR_db_23}} (Bermuda) |
|||
:::[[Eleutherodactylus marnockii|Cliff chirping frog]], ''Eleutherodactylus marnockii'' {{IUCN status|LC|56744}} |
|||
:::[[Eleutherodactylus planirostris|Greenhouse frog]], ''Eleutherodactylus planirostris'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|56864}} |
|||
====Family: [[Leptodactylidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Leptodactylidae]]==== |
||
=====Subfamily: [[Leptodactylinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Leptodactylinae]]===== |
||
:::[[Leptodactylus fragilis|Mexican white-lipped frog]] ''Leptodactylus fragilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|57127}} |
:::[[Leptodactylus fragilis|Mexican white-lipped frog]], ''Leptodactylus fragilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|57127}} |
||
====Family: [[Microhylidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Microhylidae]]==== |
||
=====Subfamily: [[Gastrophryninae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Gastrophryninae]]===== |
||
:::[[Hypopachus variolosus|Sheep frog]] ''Hypopachus variolosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|57832}} |
:::[[Hypopachus variolosus|Sheep frog]], ''Hypopachus variolosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|57832}} |
||
=====Subfamily: [[Microhylinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Microhylinae]]===== |
||
:::'''North American narrow-mouthed frogs''' |
:::'''North American narrow-mouthed frogs''' |
||
:::[[Gastrophryne carolinensis|Eastern narrow-mouthed toad]] ''Gastrophryne carolinensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|57813}} |
:::[[Gastrophryne carolinensis|Eastern narrow-mouthed toad]], ''Gastrophryne carolinensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|57813}} |
||
:::[[Gastrophryne olivacea|Western narrow-mouthed toad]] ''Gastrophryne olivacea'' {{IUCN status|LC|57815}} and: |
:::[[Gastrophryne olivacea|Western narrow-mouthed toad]], ''Gastrophryne olivacea'' {{IUCN status|LC|57815}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}} |
||
::::[[Gastrophryne mazatlanensis|Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad]] ''Gastrophryne mazatlanensis''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
::::[[Gastrophryne mazatlanensis|Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad]], ''Gastrophryne mazatlanensis''<ref name="SSAR17" /> |
||
====Family: [[Dendrobatidae]]==== |
====Family: [[Dendrobatidae]]==== |
||
=====Subfamily: [[Dendrobatinae]]===== |
=====Subfamily: [[Dendrobatinae]]===== |
||
:::[[Dendrobates auratus|Green-and-black poison dart frog]] ''Dendrobates auratus'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|55174}} ([[Hawaii]] only) |
:::[[Dendrobates auratus|Green-and-black poison dart frog]], ''Dendrobates auratus'' <nowiki>*</nowiki> {{IUCN status|LC|55174}} ([[Hawaii]] only) |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
{{Portal|Amphibians and Reptiles}} |
{{Portal|Amphibians and Reptiles}} |
||
* [[List of reptiles of North America north of Mexico]] |
|||
* [[List of U.S. state reptiles]] |
|||
* [[List of U.S. state amphibians]] |
|||
* [[List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States]] |
* [[List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States]] |
||
* [[List of U.S. state birds]] |
|||
* [[List of birds of North America]] |
* [[List of birds of North America]] |
||
* [[List of mammals of North America]] |
|||
* [[List of North American reptiles]] |
|||
* [[List of U.S. state mammals]] |
* [[List of U.S. state mammals]] |
||
* [[List of |
* [[List of mammals of North America]] |
||
* [[U.S. state reptiles]] |
|||
* [[List of U.S. state amphibians]] |
|||
* [[Lists of reptiles by region]] |
* [[Lists of reptiles by region]] |
||
* [[Lists of amphibians by region]] |
* [[Lists of amphibians by region]] |
||
| Line 533: | Line 510: | ||
{{Reflist|refs= |
{{Reflist|refs= |
||
<ref name="SSAR08">{{cite book | |
<ref name="SSAR08">{{cite book |collaboration=Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names |author=Brian I. Crother | title = Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 |date=September 2008 | publisher = Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR) | url = http://ssarherps.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/HC_37_6thEd.pdf | location = Shoreview, MN | isbn = 0-916984-74-5<!--978-0-916874-74-8--> | pages = 1–84 |access-date = December 13, 2014}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="SSAR12">{{cite book | |
<ref name="SSAR12">{{cite book |collaboration=Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names |author=Brian I. Crother | title = Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 |date=August 2012 | publisher = Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR) | url = http://ssarherps.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/HC_39_7thEd.pdf | location = Shoreview, MN | isbn = 978-0-916984-85-4 |pages=1–92 |access-date = December 13, 2014 }}</ref> |
||
<ref name="SSAR17">{{cite book | |
<ref name="SSAR17">{{cite book |collaboration=Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names |author=Brian I. Crother |title=Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 43 |date=September 2017 |publisher=Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR) |url=http://www.asih.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/scientific_and_standard_english_names_na_herps_2017.pdf |location=Shoreview, MN |isbn=978-1-946681-00-3 |pages=1–102 |access-date=October 11, 2017 }}</ref> |
||
<ref name= |
<ref name="SSARDB23">{{cite web |url=https://ssarherps.org/cndb/ |title=SSAR North American Species Names Database |publisher=Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR) |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> |
||
<ref name= |
<ref name=ASW20>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php |title=Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference |last=Frost |first=Darrel |year=2020 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=ASW23>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php |title=Frost, Darrel R. 2023. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database. |last=Frost |first=Darrel |year=2020 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |location=New York, USA |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="IUCNs">{{cite web |url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/link/548bebdc-112f6f15 |title = Search Results: Amhibia North America 2014-12-13 | website = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 <nowiki><</nowiki>www.iucnredlist.org<nowiki>></nowiki>|publisher = IUCN |year = 2014 |accessdate= 12 December 2014 | quote = Search terms Search by taxonomy: AMPHIBIA, Search by location: Canada, United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 12 December 2014 }}</ref> |
|||
<ref name= |
<ref name=AMWEB20>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiaweb.org |title=AmphibiaWeb. |year=2020 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="IUCNs">{{cite iucn |author=Aguilera, M. |date=2016 |title=''Aepeomys lugens'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T548A22353573 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T548A22353573.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="ESA">{{cite web |url = http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?rgn=div8&node=50:2.0.1.1.1.2.1.1 |title = Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife. |publisher = US Government Printing Office |accessdate = March 28, 2014}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web |url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |title = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |access-date = 5 March 2014}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="ESA">{{cite web |url = http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?rgn=div8&node=50:2.0.1.1.1.2.1.1 |title = Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife. |publisher = US Government Printing Office |access-date = March 28, 2014}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="IUCN_19180">{{Cite iucn | author = Geoffrey Hammerson | author2 = Michael Sredl | title = ''Lithobates subaquavocalis'' | volume = 2004 | page = e.T19180A8848570 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T19180A8848570.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}</ref> |
<ref name="IUCN_19180">{{Cite iucn | author = Geoffrey Hammerson | author2 = Michael Sredl | title = ''Lithobates subaquavocalis'' | volume = 2004 | page = e.T19180A8848570 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T19180A8848570.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Duellman16">{{cite journal |last1=Duellman |first1=W.E. |last2=Marion |first2=A.B. |last3=Hedges |first3=S.B. |date=2016 |title=Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae) |url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf/88524.pdf |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4104 |pages=1–109 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |pmid=27394762 }}</ref> |
<ref name="Duellman16">{{cite journal |last1=Duellman |first1=W.E. |last2=Marion |first2=A.B. |last3=Hedges |first3=S.B. |date=2016 |title=Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae) |url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf/88524.pdf |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4104 |issue=1 |pages=1–109 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |pmid=27394762 }}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Martínez-Solano12">{{cite journal |last1=Martínez-Solano |first1=Íñigo |last2=Peralta-García |first2=Anny |last3=Jockusch |first3=Elizabeth L. |last4=Wake |first4=David B. |last5=Parra-Olea |first5=Gabriela |date=April 2012 |title=Molecular systematics of Batrachoseps (Caudata, Plethodontidae) in southern California and Baja California: Mitochondrial-nuclear DNA discordance and the evolutionary history of B. major |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=131–149 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.026 |pmid=22285301 |hdl=10261/143456 |s2cid=99513 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="Jockusch12">{{cite journal |last1=Jockusch |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Martínez-Solano |first2=Ínigo |last3=Hansen |first3=Robert W. |last4=Wake |first4=David B. |date=2012 |title=Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3190 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3190.1.1 |s2cid=46995147 |issn=1175-5334 }}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="Wray17">{{cite journal |last1=Wray |first1=Kenneth P. |last2=Means |first2=D. Bruce |first3=Scott J. | last3=Steppan |date=1 December 2017 |title=Revision of the Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook 1842) Complex of Dwarf Salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliinae) with a Description of Two New Species |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-16-00011 |journal=Herpetological Monographs |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=18–46 |doi=10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-16-00011 |s2cid=90138747 |access-date=2023-01-29}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="Pierson19">{{cite journal |last1=Pierson |first1=Todd W. |last2=Miele |first2=Alexander |date=30 April 2019 |title=Reproduction and life history of two-lined salamanders (Eurycea cf. aquatica) from tHe upper Tennessee river valley, USA |url=https://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_14/Issue_1/Pierson_Miele_2019.pdf |journal=Herpetological Conservation and Biology |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=111–118 |doi=10.1655/0018-0831-76.4.423 |s2cid=228096916 |issn=1931-7603 |access-date=2023-01-29 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Steffen14">{{cite journal |last1=Steffen |first1=Michael A. |last2=Irwin |first2=Kelly J. |last3=Blair |first3=Andrea L. |last4=Bonett |first4=Ronald M. |date=11 Apr 2014 |title=Larval masquerade: a new species of paedomorphic salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Eurycea) from the Ouachita Mountains of North America |url=http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4C254D2A-E497-4344-8B02-5AD96FF505B4 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3786 |issue=4 |pages=423–442 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3786.4.2 |pmid=24869544 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Anderson03">{{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=Jennifer A. |last2=Tilley |first2=Stephen G. |date=1 August 2003 |title=Systematics of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus Complex in the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee |journal=Herpetological Monographs |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=75–110 |doi=10.1655/0733-1347(2003)017[0075:SOTDOC]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=1467013 |s2cid=83847367 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Pyron22_ocoee">{{cite journal |last1=Pyron |first1=R. Alexander |last2=Beamer |first2=David A. |date=September 2022 |title=Systematics of the Ocoee Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus ocoee), with description of two new species from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5190.2.3 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=5190 |issue=2 |pages=207–240 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5190.2.3 |pmid=37045172 |s2cid=252573552 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Pyron22_quadramaculatus">{{cite journal |last1=Pyron |first1=R. Alexander |last2=Beamer |first2=David A. |date=2022-07-19 |title=Nomenclatural solutions for diagnosing 'cryptic' species using molecular and morphological data facilitate a taxonomic revision of the Black-bellied Salamanders (Urodela, Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus') from the southern Appalachian Mountains |url=https://www.mapress.com/bn/article/view/bionomina.27.1.1 |journal=Bionomina |volume=27 |pages=1–43 |doi=10.11646/bionomina.27.1.1 |s2cid=250720529 }}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
||
* {{cite book |last1=Fouquette |first1=M. J. |last2=Dubois |first2=Alain |date=2014 |title=A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles: The United States and Canada |volume= |
* {{cite book |last1=Fouquette |first1=M. J. |last2=Dubois |first2=Alain |date=2014 |title=A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles: The United States and Canada |volume=1 - Amphibians |publisher=Xlibris Corporation LLC |isbn=978-1-4931-7035-7 }}{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} |
||
* {{cite book |last=Cope |first=Edward D. |date=1875 |title=Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum | series=Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution |issue=1 |publisher=Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum |location=Washington: Government Printing Office |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44443#page/7/mode/1up }} |
* {{cite book |last=Cope |first=Edward D. |date=1875 |title=Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum | series=Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum |location=Washington: Government Printing Office |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44443#page/7/mode/1up }} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Stejneger |first1=Leonhard |last2=Barbour |first2=Thomas |date=1917 |title=A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. |url=http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Articles/Stejneger_and_Barbour_1917.pdf }} |
* {{cite book |last1=Stejneger |first1=Leonhard |last2=Barbour |first2=Thomas |date=1917 |title=A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. |url=http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Articles/Stejneger_and_Barbour_1917.pdf }} |
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* [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/ Endangered Species Act – National Marine Fisheries Service – NOAA] |
* [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/ Endangered Species Act – National Marine Fisheries Service – NOAA] |
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{{Americas topic|List of amphibians of}} |
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{{North America topic|List of amphibians of}} |
{{North America topic|List of amphibians of}} |
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[[Category:Amphibians of North America| ]] |
[[Category:Amphibians of North America| ]] |
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[[Category:Lists of amphibians of North America| ]] |
[[Category:Lists of amphibians of North America| ]] |
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[[Category:Lists of amphibians by location|*]] |
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[[Category:Lists of amphibians of the United States|*]] |
[[Category:Lists of amphibians of the United States|*]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians of Canada|.]] |
[[Category:Amphibians of Canada|.]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:05, 6 March 2024
This is a checklist of amphibians found in Northern America, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[1][2][3] The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[4] It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States
* alien species
Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
- EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
- CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
- NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
- DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
- (v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[5])
- E – endangered, T – threatened
- XN, XE – experimental nonessential or essential population
- E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
- (the data are current as of March 28, 2014[6])
Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea
[edit]Family: Cryptobranchidae
[edit]- Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
(Ozark hellbender, C. a. bishopi: E)
- Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
Suborder: Salamandroidea
[edit]Family: Salamandridae
[edit]Subfamily: Pleurodelinae
[edit]- Eastern newts
- Black-spotted newt, Notophthalmus meridionalis EN
- Striped newt, Notophthalmus perstriatus NT
- Eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens LC
- Pacific newts
- Rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa LC
- Red-bellied newt, Taricha rivularis LC
- Sierra newt, Taricha sierrae LC
- California newt, Taricha torosa LC
Family: Plethodontidae
[edit]Subfamily: Plethodontinae
[edit]- Web-toed salamanders
- Limestone salamander, Hydromantes brunus VU
- Mount Lyell salamander, Hydromantes platycephalus LC
- Samwel Shasta salamander, Hydromantes samweli[7][8][n 1]
- Shasta salamander, Hydromantes shastae VU
- Wintu Shasta salamander, Hydromantes wintu[7][8][n 1]
- Climbing salamanders
- Green salamander, Aneides aeneus NT
- Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander, Aneides caryaensis[7][8][n 1]
- Clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus NT
- Speckled black salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus NT and:[n 2]
- Santa Cruz black salamander, Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger[7][n 3][n 4]
- Shasta salamander, Aneides iecanus[7][n 3][n 4]
- Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii LC
- Klamath black salamander, Aneides klamathensis[7][8][n 1]
- Arboreal salamander, Aneides lugubris LC
- Wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans NT
- Dusky salamanders
- Seepage salamander, Desmognathus aeneus NT
- Holbrook's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus auriculatus LC and:[n 2]
- Carolina swamp dusky salamander, Desmognathus valtos[9][n 5]
- Valentine's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus valentinei and:[n 2]
- Pascagoula dusky salamander, Desmognathus pascagoula[9][n 5]
- Ouachita dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum LC
- Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus LC and:[n 2]
- Spotted dusky salamander, Desmognathus conanti
- Flat-headed salamander, Desmognathus planiceps
- Imitator salamander, Desmognathus imitator LC
- Desmognathus marmoratus/Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' complex:[9][10]
- Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus LC and:[n 2]
- Golden shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus aureatus[7][n 6][n 4]
- Black shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus melanius[7][n 6][n 4]
- Central shovel-nosed dusky salamander, Desmognathus intermedius[9][n 5]
- Species split from the former black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC
(complex of "black-bellied salamanders"):[9]- Dwarf black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi DD
- Nantahala black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus amphileucus[9][n 5]
- Cherokee blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli[9][n 5]
- Kanawha blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus kanawha[9][n 5]
- Pisgah black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus mavrokoilius[9][n 5]
- Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus LC and:[n 2]
- Seal salamander, Desmognathus monticola LC
- Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex:[11][7][12]
- Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC and: [n 2]
- Cumberland dusky salamander, Desmognathus abditus NT
- Carolina mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus carolinensis LC
- Ocoee salamander, Desmognathus ocoee LC and: [n 2]
- Cherokee mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus adatsihi[9][n 5]
- Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus balsameus[9][n 5]
- Tallulah salamander, Desmognathus perlapsus[9][n 5]
- Blue Ridge dusky salamander, Desmognathus orestes LC
- Apalachicola dusky salamander, Desmognathus apalachicolae LC
- Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC and: [n 2]
- Northern pygmy salamander, Desmognathus organi
- Santeetlah dusky salamander, Desmognathus santeetlah LC
- Black mountain salamander, Desmognathus welteri LC
- Pygmy salamander, Desmognathus wrighti LC
- Ensatina
- Ensatina, Ensatina eschscholtzii LC
- Red Hills salamander
- Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti EN T
- Woodland salamanders
- Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander, Plethodon ainsworthi EX
- Western slimy salamander, Plethodon albagula LC
- Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon amplus VU
- Ozark zigzag salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius LC
- Scott Bar salamander, Plethodon asupak VU
- Tellico salamander, Plethodon aureolus DD
- Caddo Mountain salamander, Plethodon caddoensis NT
- Chattahoochee slimy salamander, Plethodon chattahoochee
- Cheoah Bald salamander, Plethodon cheoah VU
- Atlantic Coast slimy salamander, Plethodon chlorobryonis
- Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus LC
- White-spotted slimy salamander, Plethodon cylindraceus LC
- Northern zigzag salamander, Plethodon dorsalis LC
- Dunn's salamander, Plethodon dunni LC
- Northern ravine salamander, Plethodon electromorphus LC
- Del Norte salamander, Plethodon elongatus NT
- Fourche Mountain salamander, Plethodon fourchensis VU
- Northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus LC and:[n 2][9]
- Southeastern slimy salamander, Plethodon grobmani
- Mississippi slimy salamander, Plethodon mississippi
- Valley and ridge salamander, Plethodon hoffmani LC
- Peaks of Otter salamander, Plethodon hubrichti VU
- Coeur d'Alene salamander, Plethodon idahoensis LC
- Red-cheeked salamander, Plethodon jordani NT
- Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki LC
- Kiamichi slimy salamander, Plethodon kiamichi DD
- Louisiana slimy salamander, Plethodon kisatchie LC
- Larch Mountain salamander, Plethodon larselli NT
- South Mountain graycheeked salamander, Plethodon meridianus VU
- Southern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon metcalfi LC
- Northern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon montanus LC
- Jemez Mountains salamander, Plethodon neomexicanus NT E
- Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi NT T
- Ocmulgee slimy salamander, Plethodon ocmulgee
- Rich Mountain salamander, Plethodon ouachitae NT
- Pigeon Mountain salamander, Plethodon petraeus VU
- White-spotted salamander, Plethodon punctatus NT
- Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander, Plethodon richmondi LC
- Savannah slimy salamander, Plethodon savannah
- Sequoyah slimy salamander, Plethodon sequoyah DD
- Southern red-backed salamander, Plethodon serratus LC
- Shenandoah salamander, Plethodon shenandoah VU E
- Big Levels salamander, Plethodon sherando VU
- Red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani VU
- Siskiyou Mountains salamander, Plethodon stormi EN
- Southern Appalachian salamander, Plethodon teyahalee LC
- Van Dyke's salamander, Plethodon vandykei LC
- South Carolina slimy salamander, Plethodon variolatus
- Western redback salamander, Plethodon vehiculum LC
- Southern zigzag salamander, Plethodon ventralis LC
- Shenandoah Mountain salamander, Plethodon virginia NT
- Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri LC
- Wehrle's salamander, Plethodon wehrlei LC and:[n 2]
- Dixie Caverns salamander, Plethodon dixi[7][8][n 6][n 4]
- Blacksburg salamander, Plethodon jacksoni[7][8][n 6][n 4]
- Yellow-spotted woodland salamander, Plethodon pauleyi[7][8][n 6][n 4]
- Weller's salamander, Plethodon welleri EN
- Yonahlossee salamander, Plethodon yonahlossee LC
- Patch-nosed salamander, Urspelerpes brucei
Subfamily: Spelerpinae
[edit]- Brook salamanders
- Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) complex:[13]
- Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata LC
- Brown-backed salamander, Eurycea aquatica
- Junaluska salamander, Eurycea junaluska VU
- Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, Eurycea wilderae LC
- Southern two-lined salamander, Eurycea cirrigera LC and:[n 2]
- Carolina sandhills salamander, Eurycea arenicola [9][n 5]
- Salado Springs salamander, Eurycea chisholmensis VU T
- Three-lined salamander, Eurycea guttolineata LC
- Cascade Caverns salamander, Eurycea latitans VU and:[n 2][9]
- Comal blind salamander, Eurycea tridentifera VU
- Long-tailed salamander, Eurycea longicauda LC
- Cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga LC
- Eurycea multiplicata complex:[14][9]
- Many-ribbed salamander, Eurycea multiplicata LC
- Grotto salamander, Eurycea spelaea LC and:[n 2]
- Southern grotto salamander, Eurycea braggi[7][n 4]
- Northern grotto salamander, Eurycea nerea[7][n 4]
- Ouachita streambed salamander, Eurycea subfluvicola[3]
- Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis NT
- San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana VU T
- Georgetown salamander, Eurycea naufragia EN T
- Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes VU
- Blanco River Springs salamander, Eurycea pterophila DD
- Eurycea quadridigitata complex:[15][9]
- Southeastern dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata LC
- Chamberlain's dwarf salamander, Eurycea chamberlaini DD
- Hillis's dwarf salamander, Eurycea hillisi[3]
- Western dwarf salamander, Eurycea paludicola[3]
- Bog dwarf salamander, Eurycea sphagnicola[3]
- Barton Springs salamander, Eurycea sosorum VU E
- Jollyville Plateau salamander, Eurycea tonkawae EN T
- Valdina Farms salamander, Eurycea troglodytes DD
- Austin blind salamander, Eurycea waterlooensis VU E
- Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni VU E
- Blanco blind salamander, Eurycea robusta DD
- Georgia blind salamander, Eurycea wallacei VU
- Spring salamanders
- Berry Cave salamander, Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN
- Tennessee cave salamander, Gyrinophilus palleucus VU
- Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC
- West Virginia spring salamander, Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN
- Red and mud salamanders
- Mud salamander, Pseudotriton montanus LC and:[n 2]
- Midland mud salamander, Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus[7][8][n 4]
- Red salamander, Pseudotriton ruber LC
- Many-lined salamander
- Many-lined salamander, Stereochilus marginatus LC
Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae
[edit]- Slender salamanders
- Subgenus: Batrachoseps
- California slender salamander, Batrachoseps attenuatus LC
- San Gabriel slender salamander, Batrachoseps gabrieli DD
- Batrachoseps diabolicus group:[16]
- Hell Hollow slender salamander, Batrachoseps diabolicus DD
- Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps altasierrae
- Sequoia slender salamander, Batrachoseps kawia DD
- Kings River slender salamander, Batrachoseps regius VU
- Batrachoseps nigriventris group:[16]
- Black-bellied slender salamander, Batrachoseps nigriventris LC
- Fairview slender salamander, Batrachoseps bramei
- Gregarious slender salamander, Batrachoseps gregarius LC
- Relictual slender salamander, Batrachoseps relictus DD
- Kern Canyon slender salamander, Batrachoseps simatus VU
- Tehachapi slender salamander, Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU
- Batrachoseps pacificus group:[17]
- Channel Islands slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus LC
- Arguello slender salamander, Batrachoseps wakei[9][n 5]
- Southern California slender salamander, Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. (m.) aridus: E)
- Lesser slender salamander, Batrachoseps minor DD
- Gabilan Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC
- San Simeon slender salamander, Batrachoseps incognitus DD
- Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps luciae LC
- Subgenus: Plethopsis
- Inyo Mountains salamander, Batrachoseps campi EN
- Kern Plateau salamander, Batrachoseps robustus NT
- Oregon slender salamander, Batrachoseps wrighti VU
Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae
[edit]- Fourtoed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum LC
- Dwarf waterdog, Necturus punctatus LC
- Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis EN and:[n 2]
- Mobile waterdog, Necturus lodingi [n 4] (sometimes recognized,[3]
- Gulf Coast waterdog, Necturus beyeri LC
- Neuse River waterdog, Necturus lewisi NT
- Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus LC and:[n 2]
- Red River mudpuppy, Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis [7][n 6]
- Apalachicola waterdog, Necturus moleri[7][8][n 1]
- Escambia waterdog, Necturus mounti[7][8][n 1]
Family: Ambystomatidae
[edit]
- Ringed salamander, Ambystoma annulatum LC
- Streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri NT
- Frosted flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum VU T and:[n 2]
- Reticulated flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma bishopi VU E
- California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties E, central California T)
- Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile LC
- Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC
- Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale LC
- Mabee's salamander, Ambystoma mabeei LC
- Long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, A. m. croceum: E)
- Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum LC
- Western tiger salamander, Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander, A. m. stebbinsi: E)
- Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum LC
- Mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum LC
- Small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum LC
- Eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum LC
Family: Amphiumidae
[edit]- Two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means LC
- One-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma pholeter NT
- Three-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma tridactylum LC
Family: Dicamptodontidae
[edit]- Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus LC
- Cope's giant salamander, Dicamptodon copei LC
- California giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus NT
- Coastal giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC
Family: Rhyacotritonidae
[edit]
- Cascade torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton cascadae NT
- Columbia torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton kezeri NT
- Olympic torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus VU
- Southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus LC
Suborder: Sirenoidea
[edit]- Dwarf sirens
- Southern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus axanthus LC
- Northern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus striatus LC
- Sirens
- Lesser siren, Siren intermedia LC
- Greater siren, Siren lacertina LC
- Reticulated siren, Siren reticulata[7][8][n 1]
Lithobates catesbeiana
Anaxyrus americanus
- detail of parotoid glands
Spea hammondii
Suborder: Archaeobatrachia
[edit]Family: Ascaphidae
[edit]- Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus LC
- Coastal tailed frog, Ascaphus truei LC
Suborder: Mesobatrachia
[edit]- African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis * LC
- Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis *[9][n 5] LC
Family: Rhinophrynidae
[edit]- Burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC
Family: Scaphiopodidae
[edit]- North American spadefoot toads
- Couch's spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii LC
- Eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrookii LC
- Hurter's spadefoot, Scaphiopus hurterii LC
- Western spadefoot toads
- Plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons LC
- Western spadefoot, Spea hammondii NT
- Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana LC
- Mexican spadefoot, Spea multiplicata LC
Suborder: Neobatrachia
[edit]- American toad, Anaxyrus americanus LC
- Wyoming toad, Anaxyrus baxteri EW
- Western toad, Anaxyrus boreas LC and:[n 2]
- Amargosa toad, Anaxyrus nelsoni EN
- Arroyo toad, Anaxyrus californicus EN E
- Yosemite toad, Anaxyrus canorus EN
- Great Plains toad, Anaxyrus cognatus LC
- Chihuahuan green toad, Anaxyrus debilis LC
- Black toad, Anaxyrus exsul VU
- Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri LC
- Canadian toad, Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC E
- Houston toad, Anaxyrus houstonensis EN E
- Arizona toad, Anaxyrus microscaphus LC
- Hot Creek toad, Anaxyrus monfontanus[7][8][n 1]
- Railroad Valley toad, Anaxyrus nevadensis[7][8][n 1]
- Red-spotted toad, Anaxyrus punctatus LC
- Oak toad, Anaxyrus quercicus LC
- Sonoran green toad, Anaxyrus retiformis LC
- Texas toad, Anaxyrus speciosus LC
- Southern toad, Anaxyrus terrestris LC
- Woodhouse's toad, Anaxyrus woodhousii LC
- Dixie Valley toad, Anaxyrus williamsi[7][n 4]
- Colorado River toad, Incilius alvarius LC
- Coastal plains toad, Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
- South American cane toad, Rhinella marina LC and:[n 2]
- Mesoamerican Cane toad, Rhinella horribilis[3]
- Tree frogs
- Pine Barrens tree frog, Hyla andersonii (Dryophytes andersonii[19]) NT
- Canyon tree frog, Hyla arenicolor (Dryophytes arenicolor[19]) LC
- Bird-voiced tree frog, Hyla avivoca (Dryophytes avivoca[19]) LC
- Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis (Dryophytes chrysoscelis[19]) LC
- American green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Dryophytes cinereus[19]) LC
- Pine woods tree frog, Hyla femoralis (Dryophytes femoralis[19]) LC
- Barking tree frog, Hyla gratiosa (Dryophytes gratiosus[19]) LC
- Squirrel tree frog, Hyla squirella (Dryophytes squirellus[19]) LC
- Gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor (Dryophytes versicolor[19]) LC
- Arizona tree frog, Hyla wrightorum (Dryophytes wrightorum[19]) LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)
- Chorus frogs
- Mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris brachyphona LC and:[n 2]
- Collinses' mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris collinsorum[9][n 5]
- Brimley's chorus frog, Pseudacris brimleyi LC
- California tree frog, Pseudacris cadaverina LC
- Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkii LC
- Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer LC
- Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata LC and:[n 2]
- Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum LC and:[n 2]
- Cajun chorus frog, Pseudacris fouquettei LC
- New Jersey chorus frog, Pseudacris kalmi LC
- Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum LC and:[n 2]
- Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla LC and:[n 2]
- Baja California tree frog, Pseudacris hypochondriaca
- Sierran tree frog, Pseudacris sierra
- Illinois chorus frog, Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
- Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata LC
- Southern chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita LC
- Little grass frog, Pseudacris ocularis LC
- Ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata LC
- Strecker's chorus frog, Pseudacris streckeri LC
- Cricket frogs
- Cricket frog, Acris crepitans LC and:[n 2]
- Blanchard's cricket frog, Acris (crepitans) blanchardi[n 7]
- Southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus LC
- Other tree frogs
- Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC
- Mexican tree frog, Smilisca baudinii LC
- Lowland burrowing tree frog, Smilisca fodiens LC
Family: Pelodryadidae
[edit]- (Australian treefrogs)
- Australian green tree frog, Ranoidea caerulea *[7][n 1] LC
- Typical frogs
- Northern red-legged frog, Rana aurora LC and:[n 2]
- California red-legged frog, Rana draytonii VU T
- Foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii NT
- Cascades frog, Rana cascadae NT
- Columbia spotted frog, Rana luteiventris LC
- Southern mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa EN E and:[n 2]
- Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, Rana sierrae EN
- Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa VU
- Water frogs
- American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus LC
- Gopher frog, Lithobates capito NT
- Crawfish frog, Lithobates areolatus NT
- Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog, Lithobates sevosus CR E
- Rio Grande leopard frog, Lithobates berlandieri LC
- Plains leopard frog, Lithobates blairi LC
- Chiricahua leopard frog, Lithobates chiricahuensis VU T and:[n 2]
- Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, Lithobates subaquavocalis CR,[20][n 4]
- Green frog, Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC
- Vegas Valley leopard frog, Lithobates fisheri EX
- Pig frog, Lithobates grylio LC
- River frog, Lithobates heckscheri LC
- Florida bog frog, Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU
- Relict leopard frog, Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN
- Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris LC
- Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC and:[n 2]
- Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog, Lithobates kauffeldi[3]
- Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis LC
- Southern leopard frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus LC
- Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus LC
- Tarahumara frog, Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU
- Carpenter frog, Lithobates virgatipes LC
- Lowland leopard frog, Lithobates yavapaiensis LC
- Japanese wrinkled frog, Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)
Family: Craugastoridae
[edit]- Barking frog, Craugastor augusti LC
Family: Eleutherodactylidae
[edit]Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae
[edit]- Coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)
- Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC, only:
- Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi[7][8][n 4]
- Spotted chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC
- Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei [9][n 5] LC (Bermuda, introduced), and:[n 2]
- Montserrat whistling frog, Eleutherodactylus montserratae[9][n 5] (Bermuda)
- Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei [9][n 5] LC (Bermuda, introduced), and:[n 2]
- Cliff chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC
- Greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC
Family: Leptodactylidae
[edit]Subfamily: Leptodactylinae
[edit]- Mexican white-lipped frog, Leptodactylus fragilis LC
Family: Microhylidae
[edit]Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
[edit]- Sheep frog, Hypopachus variolosus LC
Subfamily: Microhylinae
[edit]- North American narrow-mouthed frogs
- Eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis LC
- Western narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne olivacea LC and:[n 2]
- Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne mazatlanensis[3]
Family: Dendrobatidae
[edit]Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
[edit]- Green-and-black poison dart frog, Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)
See also
[edit]
- List of reptiles of North America north of Mexico
- List of U.S. state reptiles
- List of U.S. state amphibians
- List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States
- List of U.S. state birds
- List of birds of North America
- List of U.S. state mammals
- List of mammals of North America
- Lists of reptiles by region
- Lists of amphibians by region
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Species not listed by SSAR[3]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.
- ^ a b Subspecies[3] elevated to full species rank
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Species not recognized by SSAR[3]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Species not listed in the SSAR North American Species Names Database.[18]
- ^ a b c d e f Subspecies elevated to full species rank[7]
- ^ Subspecies elevated to full species rank[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Brian I. Crother; et al. (Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names) (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ^ Brian I. Crother; et al. (Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names) (September 2008). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–84. ISBN 0-916984-74-5. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Brian I. Crother; et al. (Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names) (September 2017). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 43 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–102. ISBN 978-1-946681-00-3. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
- ^ Aguilera, M. (2016). "Aepeomys lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T548A22353573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T548A22353573.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Frost, Darrel (2020). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "AmphibiaWeb". University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Frost, Darrel (2020). "Frost, Darrel R. 2023. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database". New York, USA: American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ Pyron, R. Alexander; Beamer, David A. (2022-07-19). "Nomenclatural solutions for diagnosing 'cryptic' species using molecular and morphological data facilitate a taxonomic revision of the Black-bellied Salamanders (Urodela, Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus') from the southern Appalachian Mountains". Bionomina. 27: 1–43. doi:10.11646/bionomina.27.1.1. S2CID 250720529.
- ^ Anderson, Jennifer A.; Tilley, Stephen G. (1 August 2003). "Systematics of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus Complex in the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee". Herpetological Monographs. 17 (1): 75–110. doi:10.1655/0733-1347(2003)017[0075:SOTDOC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 1467013. S2CID 83847367.
- ^ Pyron, R. Alexander; Beamer, David A. (September 2022). "Systematics of the Ocoee Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus ocoee), with description of two new species from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains". Zootaxa. 5190 (2): 207–240. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5190.2.3. PMID 37045172. S2CID 252573552.
- ^ Pierson, Todd W.; Miele, Alexander (30 April 2019). "Reproduction and life history of two-lined salamanders (Eurycea cf. aquatica) from tHe upper Tennessee river valley, USA" (PDF). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 14 (1): 111–118. doi:10.1655/0018-0831-76.4.423. ISSN 1931-7603. S2CID 228096916. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ Steffen, Michael A.; Irwin, Kelly J.; Blair, Andrea L.; Bonett, Ronald M. (11 Apr 2014). "Larval masquerade: a new species of paedomorphic salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Eurycea) from the Ouachita Mountains of North America". Zootaxa. 3786 (4): 423–442. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3786.4.2. PMID 24869544.
- ^ Wray, Kenneth P.; Means, D. Bruce; Steppan, Scott J. (1 December 2017). "Revision of the Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook 1842) Complex of Dwarf Salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliinae) with a Description of Two New Species". Herpetological Monographs. 31 (1): 18–46. doi:10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-16-00011. S2CID 90138747. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ a b Jockusch, Elizabeth; Martínez-Solano, Ínigo; Hansen, Robert W.; Wake, David B. (2012). "Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species". Zootaxa. 3190: 1–30. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3190.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 46995147.
- ^ Martínez-Solano, Íñigo; Peralta-García, Anny; Jockusch, Elizabeth L.; Wake, David B.; Parra-Olea, Gabriela (April 2012). "Molecular systematics of Batrachoseps (Caudata, Plethodontidae) in southern California and Baja California: Mitochondrial-nuclear DNA discordance and the evolutionary history of B. major". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (1): 131–149. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.026. hdl:10261/143456. PMID 22285301. S2CID 99513.
- ^ "SSAR North American Species Names Database". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). Retrieved January 29, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Duellman, W.E.; Marion, A.B.; Hedges, S.B. (2016). "Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4104 (1): 1–109. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1. PMID 27394762. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ^ Geoffrey Hammerson; Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates subaquavocalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T19180A8848570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T19180A8848570.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Further reading
[edit]- Fouquette, M. J.; Dubois, Alain (2014). A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles: The United States and Canada. Vol. 1 - Amphibians. Xlibris Corporation LLC. ISBN 978-1-4931-7035-7.[self-published source]
- Cope, Edward D. (1875). Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution. Vol. 13. Washington: Government Printing Office: Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum.
- Stejneger, Leonhard; Barbour, Thomas (1917). A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.: Harvard University Press.
External links
[edit]- 8th Edition of Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico published by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR), available on the website of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
- "SSAR North American Species Names Database". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR).
- Frost, Darrel (2017). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History.
- AmphibiaWeb Database. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Checklist of Amphibian Species and an Online Identification Guide for the Identification of Amphibians in North America north of Mexico
- Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Endangered Species Program – US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Species Search – US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Endangered Species Act – National Marine Fisheries Service – NOAA
