Eritrea Province: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Province of Ethiopia (1962–1993)}} |
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{{about|the former Ethiopian province|the modern country|Eritrea|the Greek town|Eretria}} |
{{about|the former Ethiopian province|the modern country|Eritrea|the Greek town|Eretria}} |
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{{Infobox former subdivision |
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| image_map = Eritrea in Ethiopia (1943-1987).svg |
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| ⚫ | |||
| subdivision = [[Provinces of Ethiopia|Province]] |
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| nation = the [[Ethiopian Empire]], [[Derg]] regime, [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]], and [[Transitional Government of Ethiopia]] |
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| native_name = ኣውራጃ ኤርትራ<br>مقاطعة إريتريا |
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| conventional_long_name = Province of Eritrea |
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| era = [[Cold War]] |
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| life_span = 1962–1993 |
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| event_start = Autonomy withdrawn |
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| date_start = {{nowrap|14 November}} |
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| event1 = {{nowrap|''De facto'' Independence}} |
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| date_event1 = 29 May 1991 |
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| event_end = {{nowrap|''De jure'' Independence}} |
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| date_end = 24 May| |
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| p1 = Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea |
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| flag_p1 = Flag of Eritrea (1952-1961).svg |
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| s1 = Eritrea |
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| flag_s1 = Flag of Eritrea (1993–1995).svg |
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| common_name = Eritrea |
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| demonym = |
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| capital = [[Asmara]] |
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| today = |
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| year_start = 1962 |
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| year_end = 1993 |
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| government_type = Provincial government |
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| title_leader = [[List of colonial governors of Eritrea|Governor-General]] |
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| leader1 = [[Abiye Abebe]] |
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| year_leader1 = 1962–1964 |
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| leader2 = [[Tesfaye Gebre Kidan]] |
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| year_leader2 = 1989–1991 |
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| image_flag = |
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| image_coat = |
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}} |
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The '''Province of Eritrea''' ({{Lang-ti|ኣውራጃ ኤርትራ}}, {{Lang-ar|مقاطعة إريتريا}}) was a [[Provinces of Ethiopia|province]] in the far north part of [[Ethiopia]], with its capital city at [[Asmara]]. [[Eritrea]] gained its independence in 1993 following the [[Eritrean War of Independence]]. |
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==History== |
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'''Eritrea''' ({{lang-gez|ኤርትራ}}) was a historical region and province in the far-north part of [[Ethiopia]], with its capital city at [[Asmara]]. |
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The region was historically called [[Medri Bahri]] (Land of the Sea). Its name was changed to Eritrea following the creation of the [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] [[Italian Eritrea|Colony of Eritrea]] in 1890, following the [[Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889|expansion of Italian occupation]] in the area since in 1882. The borders between Italian Eritrea and the [[Ethiopian Empire]] were defined in the 1889 [[Treaty of Wuchale]]. After Italy conquered Ethiopia in 1936 and established the colony of [[Italian East Africa]], [[Eritrea Governorate|Eritrea became part of it]]. During [[World War II]] it fell under [[Italian Eritrea#British Military Administration and the end of the colony|British military occupation]] and came under [[United Nations]] supervision in 1951. On 15 September 1952, it became the [[Eritrean Autonomous State]], [[Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea|federated]] with the [[Ethiopian Empire]] under the sovereignty of the [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Ethiopian crown]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Metaferia |first=Getachew |date=2001 |title=Review of Eritrea and Ethiopia: The Federal Experience |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45193981 |journal=Journal of Third World Studies |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=287–293 |jstor=45193981 |issn=8755-3449}}</ref> |
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Autonomy was withdrawn on 14 November 1962, following the beginning of the [[Eritrean War of Independence]] in 1961. After the [[Ethiopian Civil War|Ethiopian revolution]] in 1974 the province was put under the reign of the [[Derg]] and later the [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]]. The province achieved de jure independence under the [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front]] in 1991 and was officially abolished by Ethiopia in 1993, becoming the independent state of [[Eritrea]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13349395|title=Eritrea profile - Timeline|date=15 November 2018|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> |
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{{Infobox former subdivision|common_name=Eritriea|native_name=|conventional_long_name=Province of Eritriea|government_type=[[Autonomous Government]]|era=[[Cold War]]|year_start=1962|year_end=1993|p1=British Military Administration (Eritrea)|s1=Eritrea|life_span=1962-1993}}==History== |
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The province formerly and historically was called [[Medri Bahri]] (Land of the Sea). Its name was changed to Eritrea following the creation of the colony of [[Italian Eritrea]] in 1890, following the first Italian settlements in the area, established in 1882 around Assab. The [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]] of the mid 1890s led to a minor expansion of the colony, but confirmed the independence of the [[Ethiopian Empire]], although the Italians conquered it in the 1930s. |
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After colonial rule, Eritrea was an autonomous state in [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]] and in the later [[Democratic People's Republic of Ethiopia]]. However, autonomy was abolished between 1962 and the reign of [[Derg]] until 1987. |
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As a semi-independent province within Ethiopia, Eritrea had its own democratically elected regional parliament, its own constitution, its own regional government, and [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]] and [[Arabic]] as its official languages - as opposed to [[Amharic]] in the rest of Ethiopia. The capital of the province was Asmara.<ref>{{cite book|last=Habteselassie| first=Bereket|title=Eritrea and the United Nations and Other Essays|isbn= 0932415121|publisher=Red Sea Press| year=1989}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last =Haile|first = Semere|title =The Origins and Demise of the Ethiopia-Eritrea Federation|journal =Issue|volume =15|doi =10.2307/1166919|year =1987|pages =9–17|publisher =Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 15|jstor = 1166919}}</ref> |
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The most influential foreign political parties in the regional Eritrean National Assembly were the Pro-Italian New Eritrea Party, the Nationalist Independent Muslim League, and the Muslim League of the Western Province. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{coord missing|Ethiopia}} |
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[[Category:1962 establishments in Ethiopia]] |
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[[Category:1990s disestablishments in Ethiopia]] |
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[[Category:Political history of Eritrea]] |
[[Category:Political history of Eritrea]] |
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[[Category:Political history of Ethiopia]] |
[[Category:Political history of Ethiopia]] |
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[[Category:Asmara]] |
[[Category:Asmara]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Former subdivisions of Ethiopia]] |
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[[Category:Provinces of Ethiopia]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:13, 6 March 2024
| Province of Eritrea ኣውራጃ ኤርትራ مقاطعة إريتريا | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province of the Ethiopian Empire, Derg regime, People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and Transitional Government of Ethiopia | |||||||||
| 1962–1993 | |||||||||
.svg) Location of Eritrea within the Ethiopian Empire | |||||||||
| Capital | Asmara | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| • Type | Provincial government | ||||||||
| Governor-General | |||||||||
• 1962–1964 | Abiye Abebe | ||||||||
• 1989–1991 | Tesfaye Gebre Kidan | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
• Autonomy withdrawn | 14 November 1962 | ||||||||
• De facto Independence | 29 May 1991 | ||||||||
• De jure Independence | 24 May 1993 | ||||||||
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The Province of Eritrea (Tigrinya: ኣውራጃ ኤርትራ, Arabic: مقاطعة إريتريا) was a province in the far north part of Ethiopia, with its capital city at Asmara. Eritrea gained its independence in 1993 following the Eritrean War of Independence.
History
[edit]The region was historically called Medri Bahri (Land of the Sea). Its name was changed to Eritrea following the creation of the Italian Colony of Eritrea in 1890, following the expansion of Italian occupation in the area since in 1882. The borders between Italian Eritrea and the Ethiopian Empire were defined in the 1889 Treaty of Wuchale. After Italy conquered Ethiopia in 1936 and established the colony of Italian East Africa, Eritrea became part of it. During World War II it fell under British military occupation and came under United Nations supervision in 1951. On 15 September 1952, it became the Eritrean Autonomous State, federated with the Ethiopian Empire under the sovereignty of the Ethiopian crown.[1]
Autonomy was withdrawn on 14 November 1962, following the beginning of the Eritrean War of Independence in 1961. After the Ethiopian revolution in 1974 the province was put under the reign of the Derg and later the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The province achieved de jure independence under the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in 1991 and was officially abolished by Ethiopia in 1993, becoming the independent state of Eritrea.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ Metaferia, Getachew (2001). "Review of Eritrea and Ethiopia: The Federal Experience". Journal of Third World Studies. 18 (2): 287–293. ISSN 8755-3449. JSTOR 45193981.
- ^ "Eritrea profile - Timeline". 15 November 2018 – via www.bbc.com.