Rat Islands: Difference between revisions
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{{Seealso| |
{{Seealso|Rat Island (disambiguation)}} |
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{{short description|Group of islands in Alaska, United States}} |
{{short description|Group of islands in Alaska, United States}} |
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[[File:Western Aleutians.png|thumb|350px|Map of the western [[Aleutian Islands]], showing the ''Rat Islands'' on the right: [[Kiska Island]] (7), [[Little Kiska Island]] (8), [[Segula Island]] (9), [[Khvostof Island]] (10), [[Davidof Island]] (11), [[Little Sitkin Island]] (12), [[Hawadax Island]] (13), [[Amchitka Island]] (14), and [[Semisopochnoi Island]] (15)]] |
[[File:Western Aleutians.png|thumb|350px|Map of the western [[Aleutian Islands]], showing the ''Rat Islands'' on the right: [[Kiska Island]] (7), [[Little Kiska Island]] (8), [[Segula Island]] (9), [[Khvostof Island]] (10), [[Davidof Island]] (11), [[Little Sitkin Island]] (12), [[Hawadax Island]] (13), [[Amchitka Island]] (14), and [[Semisopochnoi Island]] (15)]] |
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The '''Rat Islands''' ({{lang-ale|Qax̂um tanangis}},<ref>{{cite book | first=K. | last=Bergsland | author-link=Knut Bergsland | year=1994 | title=Aleut Dictionary |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |location=Fairbanks }}</ref> |
The '''Rat Islands''' ({{lang-ale|Qax̂um tanangis}},<ref>{{cite book | first=K. | last=Bergsland | author-link=Knut Bergsland | year=1994 | title=Aleut Dictionary |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |location=Fairbanks }}</ref>) are a group of American [[High islands|volcanic islands]] in the [[Aleutian Islands]] in southwestern [[Alaska]], between [[Buldir Island]] and the [[Near Islands]] group to its west, and [[Amchitka Pass]] and the [[Andreanof Islands]] group to its east. The islands in the group are, from west to east, [[Kiska]], [[Little Kiska Island|Little Kiska]], [[Segula Island|Segula]], [[Hawadax Island|Hawadax]] or Kryssei, [[Khvostof Island|Khvostof]], [[Davidof Island|Davidof]], [[Little Sitkin Island|Little Sitkin]], [[Amchitka]], and [[Semisopochnoi Island|Semisopochnoi]]. The total land area of the Rat Islands is 360.849 sq mi (934.594 km<sup>2</sup>). None of the islands are inhabited at present,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Brittanica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rat-Islands|access-date=7 February 2024|date=12 December 2023|title=Rat Islands|author1=((The Editors of Encyclopedia Brittanica))|author2=Amy Tikkanen}}</ref> but at least Amchitka Island was an [[Aleut]] territory until the end of the eighteenth century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-08/AmchitkaFactSheet.pdf|title=Fact Sheet: Amchitka, Alaska, Site, A Nevada Offsite|access-date=7 February 2024|date=August 2021|publisher=U.S. Department of Energy}}</ref> |
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[[File:Rat Island, Aleutian Islands.jpg|thumb|left|Hawadax Island]] |
[[File:Rat Island, Aleutian Islands.jpg|thumb|left|Hawadax Island]] |
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The name ''Rat Islands'' is the English translation of the name given to the islands by Captain [[Fyodor Petrovich Litke]] in 1827 when he visited the Aleutian Islands on a voyage around the world. The islands are named so because rats were accidentally introduced to |
The name ''Rat Islands'' is the English translation of the name given to the islands by Captain [[Fyodor Petrovich Litke]] in 1827 when he visited the Aleutian Islands on a voyage around the world. The islands are named so because rats were accidentally introduced to Hawadax Island (formerly known as Rat Island) in about 1780.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.htm?programID=09-P13-00029&segmentID=5 |title=Living on Earth: Taking the "Rat" out of Rat Island |work=www.loe.org}}</ref> {{As of|2009}}, after a government-funded eradication program, Rat Island is believed to be rat-free;<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alaska-rat-idUSTRE55B66920090612 | work=Reuters | title=Alaska's Rat Island rat-free after 229 years | date=12 June 2009}}</ref> it was renamed Hawadax Island in 2012. However, a post-operation assessment found that many of the island's local bird populations were negatively impacted—there was a far higher-than-expected nontarget mortality.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.seabirdrestoration.org/pdf/RatIslandReview.pdf |title=The Rat Island Rat Eradication Project: A Critical Evaluation of Nontarget Mortality |work=The Ornithological Council |year=2010}}</ref> An internal [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] Office of Law Enforcement investigation revealed that several laws may have been violated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwdOUBgcb_baeXlYTzZ0X05hWFU/view?usp=sharing |title=Report of Investigation: Rat Island Mortality |work=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |year=2010}}</ref> |
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The Rat Islands are earthquake-prone as they are located on the boundary of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.{{citation needed|date= March 2018}} The [[1965 Rat Islands earthquake]] was one of the largest in [[recorded history]] with a magnitude of 8.7.<ref> |
The Rat Islands are earthquake-prone as they are located on the boundary of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.{{citation needed|date= March 2018}} The [[1965 Rat Islands earthquake]] was one of the largest in [[recorded history]] with a magnitude of 8.7.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/science/20-largest-earthquakes-world |title=20 Largest Earthquakes in the World |work=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 20:18, 6 March 2024
51°47′17″N 178°18′10″E / 51.78806°N 178.30278°E
The Rat Islands (Aleut: Qax̂um tanangis,[1]) are a group of American volcanic islands in the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska, between Buldir Island and the Near Islands group to its west, and Amchitka Pass and the Andreanof Islands group to its east. The islands in the group are, from west to east, Kiska, Little Kiska, Segula, Hawadax or Kryssei, Khvostof, Davidof, Little Sitkin, Amchitka, and Semisopochnoi. The total land area of the Rat Islands is 360.849 sq mi (934.594 km2). None of the islands are inhabited at present,[2] but at least Amchitka Island was an Aleut territory until the end of the eighteenth century.[3]
The name Rat Islands is the English translation of the name given to the islands by Captain Fyodor Petrovich Litke in 1827 when he visited the Aleutian Islands on a voyage around the world. The islands are named so because rats were accidentally introduced to Hawadax Island (formerly known as Rat Island) in about 1780.[4] As of 2009[update], after a government-funded eradication program, Rat Island is believed to be rat-free;[5] it was renamed Hawadax Island in 2012. However, a post-operation assessment found that many of the island's local bird populations were negatively impacted—there was a far higher-than-expected nontarget mortality.[6] An internal U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement investigation revealed that several laws may have been violated.[7]
The Rat Islands are earthquake-prone as they are located on the boundary of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.[citation needed] The 1965 Rat Islands earthquake was one of the largest in recorded history with a magnitude of 8.7.[8]
References
- ^ Bergsland, K. (1994). Aleut Dictionary. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
- ^ The Editors of Encyclopedia Brittanica; Amy Tikkanen (12 December 2023). "Rat Islands". Encyclopedia Brittanica. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ "Fact Sheet: Amchitka, Alaska, Site, A Nevada Offsite" (PDF). U.S. Department of Energy. August 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ^ "Living on Earth: Taking the "Rat" out of Rat Island". www.loe.org.
- ^ "Alaska's Rat Island rat-free after 229 years". Reuters. 12 June 2009.
- ^ "The Rat Island Rat Eradication Project: A Critical Evaluation of Nontarget Mortality" (PDF). The Ornithological Council. 2010.
- ^ "Report of Investigation: Rat Island Mortality". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010.
- ^ "20 Largest Earthquakes in the World". United States Geological Survey.
Further reading
- Stolzenburg, William (2012). Rat Island: Predators in Paradise and the World's Greatest Wildlife Rescue. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781408825174.
External links
- Rat Islands: Blocks 1138 thru 1145, Census Tract 1, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska United States Census Bureau
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