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{{Short description|Brazilian ZX Spectrum clone made in 1986 by Microdigital Electrônica}}
{{Infobox computer
{{Infobox computer
|Photo =
| Photo = Microdigital TK95 over view.jpg
| caption = Brazilian clone of ZX Spectrum
|Type = [[Home computer]]
| Type = [[Home computer]]
|Released = {{Start date and age|1986}}
| Released = {{Start date and age|1986}}
|Discontinued =
| Discontinued =
|Processor = [[Zilog Z80]]B @ 3.5 MHz
| Processor = [[Zilog Z80]]B
|Memory = 48 KB RAM)
| Memory = 48 KB RAM
|OS = [[Sinclair BASIC]]
| OS = [[Sinclair BASIC]]
|unitssold =
| unitssold =
| compatibility = [[ZX Spectrum]]
| predecessor = [[TK90X]]
| display = TV RF out (VHF channel 3), [[PAL-M]], 256 x 192, 15 colours
| graphics = Custom IC
| sound = Beeper
| memory card = Cassette tape
| baseprice = Cz$ 4559
| name = TK 95
| CPUspeed = 3.5 MHz
| manufacturer = Microdigital Eletrônica
}}
}}


The '''TK 95''' [[microcomputer]] was a 1986 [[ZX Spectrum]] [[Clone (computing)|clone]] by [[Microdigital Eletronica|Microdigital Eletrônica]], a company located at [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzYbAQAAIAAJ&q=%22TK95%22+microdigital+-wiki |title=Veja |date=1986 |publisher=Editora Abril |pages=82 |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NaswAAAAYAAJ&q=%22TK95%22+microdigital+-wiki |title=Visão |date=1986 |pages=11 |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCZGAAAAYAAJ&q=%22TK+95%22+microdigital+-wiki |title=Exame informática |date=1986 |publisher=Editôra Abril |pages=10 |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 1986 |title=TK 95 chega ao mercado |pages=16 |work=Micro Sistemas |url=https://datassette.s3.us-west-004.backblazeb2.com/revistas/micro_sistemas_062.pdf}}</ref> It was an evolution of the [[TK90X]] introduced the previous year.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=1000 BiT - Computer's description |url=https://www.1000bit.it/scheda.asp?id=1398 |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.1000bit.it}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tk-95 Microdigital |url=https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=916 |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.old-computers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - MicroDigital |url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/microdigital.html |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Old |first=Vintage is The New |title=Collector's Corner: TK-95 – The Brazilian ZX Spectrum, but better |url=https://www.vintageisthenewold.com/collectors-corner-tk-95-the-brazilian-zx-spectrum-but-better |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Vintage is The New Old |language=en-US}}</ref>
The '''TK95''' [[microcomputer]] was the evolution of the [[TK90X]] made in the second half of the 1980s by [[Microdigital Eletronica]], a company located at [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] that manufactured some [[Sinclair ZX81|ZX81]] clones before (TK82, [[TK82C]], [[TK83]] and [[TK85]]) and a [[Sinclair ZX80|ZX80]] clone (TK80). The first version was launched in November 1986.


The case was redesigned (copied from the [[Commodore Plus/4]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silicium.org/divers/tk90x.htm |title=Microdigital TK90x |accessdate=2013-03-14 |language=French |quote=''notre constructeur brésilien va faire un effort et sortira dans la foulée le TK95 à l'allure d'un Commodore Plus/4.'' |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125115700/http://www.silicium.org/divers/tk90x.htm |archivedate=November 25, 2006 }}</ref>) and the [[Alphanumeric keyboard|keyboard]] was said to be "semi-professional" (according to the Brazilian manufacturer), with the some additional commands that did not exist in the [[ZX Spectrum]]s (for characters defined by the user{{snd}} UDG), and more compatibility with the original ZX Spectrum (some games did not run on the TK90X but ran well on the TK95).
The case was redesigned (copied from the [[Commodore Plus/4]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silicium.org/divers/tk90x.htm |title=Microdigital TK90x |accessdate=2013-03-14 |language=French |quote=''notre constructeur brésilien va faire un effort et sortira dans la foulée le TK95 à l'allure d'un Commodore Plus/4.'' |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125115700/http://www.silicium.org/divers/tk90x.htm |archivedate=November 25, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A EVOLUÇÃO DOS COMPUTADORES |url=http://www.ic.uff.br/~aconci/evolucao.html |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.ic.uff.br}}</ref>) and the [[Alphanumeric keyboard|keyboard]] was said to be "semi-professional" (according to the Brazilian manufacturer),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microdigital TK 95 |url=http://anticuario-digital.com.ar/otros/micro_95.html |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=anticuario-digital.com.ar}}</ref> with the addition of some [[Sinclair BASIC]] commands that did not exist in the [[ZX Spectrum]]'s basic set (for user-defined characters{{snd}}UDG), and better compatibility with the original ZX Spectrum (compared to the TK90X).<ref name=":1" />


There was a version with 48 [[kilobyte]]s of RAM. Inside, the same processor: [[Zilog Z80|Z80A]] running at 3.58&nbsp;MHz, a ROM chip and some RAM chips (old dynamic rams 4116 and 4416). Microdigital did some reverse engineering to develop a chip with the functions of the original ULA from [[Sinclair Research Ltd.|Sinclair]]/[[Ferranti]]. The modulator was tuned to VHF channel 3 and the TV system was PAL-M (60 Hz). The cassette interface ran at a faster speed than the Spectrum. Only two peripherals were released by Microdigital{{snd}} a [[light pen]] interface and a parallel printer interface. Some other small companies in Brazil released clone versions of Interface 1 joysticks ([[Atari 2600]]-compatibles) and interfaces for 5¼" [[IBM PC|PC]] [[disk drive|drives]] (360&nbsp;[[kilobyte|KB]]). The games had questionable legality being close to copies of the originals and the fans of the ZX Spectrum computer in Brazil were counted in tens of thousands.
Like the Spectrum, the machine had 48 [[kilobyte]]s of RAM. Inside, the same processor: [[Zilog Z80|Z80A]] running at 3.58&nbsp;MHz,<ref name=":0" /> a 16 KB ROM chip and some RAM chips (old dynamic rams 4116 and 4416).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Microdigital did some reverse engineering to develop a chip with the functions of the original ULA from [[Sinclair Research Ltd.|Sinclair]]/[[Ferranti]]. The modulator was tuned to [[Very high frequency|VHF]] channel 3 and the TV system was [[PAL-M]] (60&nbsp;Hz). The [[Cassette tape|cassette interface]] ran at a faster speed than the Spectrum.
Only two peripherals were released by Microdigital{{snd}} a [[light pen]] interface and a [[Parallel port|parallel printer]] interface. Other companies in Brazil released clone versions of Interface 1 joysticks ([[Atari 2600]]-compatibles) and interfaces for 5¼" [[IBM PC|PC]] [[disk drive|drives]] (360 [[kilobyte|KB]]). The games had questionable legality being close to copies of the originals and the fans of the ZX Spectrum computer in Brazil were counted in tens of thousands.


== References ==
== References ==
Line 20: Line 34:


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons cat|Microdigital TK95}}
*{{pt icon}} – [http://www.tk90x.com.br/ Clube do TK90X]
*{{in lang|pt}} – [http://www.tk90x.com.br/ Clube do TK90X]
* [https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=916 TK95 in Old-Computers]
* [https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=916 TK95 in Old-Computers]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zesarux/ ZEsarUX – ZX Second-Emulator And Released for UniX] (GPL)
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zesarux/ ZEsarUX – ZX Second-Emulator And Released for UniX] (GPL)
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{{Sinclair computers and clones}}
{{Sinclair computers and clones}}


[[Category:Microdigital Eletrônica]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1986]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1986]]
[[Category:Goods manufactured in Brazil]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1986]]
[[Category:ZX Spectrum clones]]
[[Category:ZX Spectrum clones]]

{{computer-stub}}
{{Compu-hardware-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:51, 7 March 2024

TK 95
Brazilian clone of ZX Spectrum
ManufacturerMicrodigital Eletrônica
TypHome computer
Release date1986; 38 years ago (1986)
Introductory priceCz$ 4559
Operating systemSinclair BASIC
CPUZilog Z80B @ 3.5 MHz
Memory48 KB RAM
Removable storageCassette tape
DisplayTV RF out (VHF channel 3), PAL-M, 256 x 192, 15 colours
GraphicsCustom IC
SoundBeeper
Backward
compatibility		ZX Spectrum
PredecessorTK90X

The TK 95 microcomputer was a 1986 ZX Spectrum clone by Microdigital Eletrônica, a company located at São Paulo, Brazil.[1][2][3][4] It was an evolution of the TK90X introduced the previous year.[5][6][7][8]

The case was redesigned (copied from the Commodore Plus/4[9][10]) and the keyboard was said to be "semi-professional" (according to the Brazilian manufacturer),[11] with the addition of some Sinclair BASIC commands that did not exist in the ZX Spectrum's basic set (for user-defined characters – UDG), and better compatibility with the original ZX Spectrum (compared to the TK90X).[6]

Like the Spectrum, the machine had 48 kilobytes of RAM. Inside, the same processor: Z80A running at 3.58 MHz,[5] a 16 KB ROM chip and some RAM chips (old dynamic rams 4116 and 4416).[5][6] Microdigital did some reverse engineering to develop a chip with the functions of the original ULA from Sinclair/Ferranti. The modulator was tuned to VHF channel 3 and the TV system was PAL-M (60 Hz). The cassette interface ran at a faster speed than the Spectrum.

Only two peripherals were released by Microdigital – a light pen interface and a parallel printer interface. Other companies in Brazil released clone versions of Interface 1 joysticks (Atari 2600-compatibles) and interfaces for 5¼" PC drives (360 KB). The games had questionable legality being close to copies of the originals and the fans of the ZX Spectrum computer in Brazil were counted in tens of thousands.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Veja (in Brazilian Portuguese). Editora Abril. 1986. p. 82.
  2. ^ Visão (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1986. p. 11.
  3. ^ Exame informática (in Brazilian Portuguese). Editôra Abril. 1986. p. 10.
  4. ^ "TK 95 chega ao mercado" (PDF). Micro Sistemas. November 1986. p. 16.
  5. ^ a b c "1000 BiT - Computer's description". www.1000bit.it. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  6. ^ a b c "Tk-95 Microdigital". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  7. ^ "Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - MicroDigital". www.interface1.net. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  8. ^ Old, Vintage is The New. "Collector's Corner: TK-95 – The Brazilian ZX Spectrum, but better". Vintage is The New Old. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  9. ^ "Microdigital TK90x" (in French). Archived from the original on November 25, 2006. Retrieved 2013-03-14. notre constructeur brésilien va faire un effort et sortira dans la foulée le TK95 à l'allure d'un Commodore Plus/4.
  10. ^ "A EVOLUÇÃO DOS COMPUTADORES". www.ic.uff.br. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  11. ^ "Microdigital TK 95". anticuario-digital.com.ar. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
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