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|name = Agkistro |
|name = Agkistro |
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|name_local = Άγκιστρο |
|name_local = Άγκιστρο |
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|type = municipal unit |
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|image_map = DE Angistrou.svg |
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|map_caption = Location within the regional unit |
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| periphunit = [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres]] |
| periphunit = [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres]] |
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|municipality = [[Sintiki]] |
|municipality = [[Sintiki]] |
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|population = 350 |
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|population_as_of = 2021 |
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|area = 70.9 |
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|elevation = |
|elevation = |
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|coordinates = {{coord|41|23|N|23|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
|coordinates = {{coord|41|23|N|23|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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'''Agkistro''' or alternatively '''Agistro''' ({{lang-el|Άγκιστρο}}, {{IPA-el|ˈaɟistɾo|pron}}), is a village in the [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres regional unit]], [[Greece]]. The village is part of the municipality of [[Sintiki]]<ref name=Kallikratis> |
'''Agkistro''' or alternatively '''Agistro''' ({{lang-el|Άγκιστρο}}, {{IPA-el|ˈaɟistɾo|pron}}), is a village in the [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres regional unit]], [[Greece]]. The village is part of the municipality of [[Sintiki]]<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.|title=ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities|language=el|publisher=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]]}}</ref> and hosts a population of 350, according to the 2021 census.<ref name="census21" /> The municipal unit has an area of 70.937 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 }}</ref> Agistro lies near the Greek-Bulgarian border and 10 km from the border crossing of [[Promachonas]].<ref name=ekathimerini/> The village main tourist attraction is its steam [[public bathing|bath complex]], which dates from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] period.<ref name=ekathimerini/><ref>{{cite web|title=Unbekanntes Griechenland: Das besondere Erlebnis|url=http://www.minpress.gr/minpress/gr.aktuell.98.pdf|publisher=Griechenland Aktuell|accessdate=3 May 2012|pages=6|date=January 13, 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118065330/http://www.minpress.gr/minpress/gr.aktuell.98.pdf|archivedate=18 November 2011}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The gold and silver mines found in the mountain of Agkistro, south of the modern village, are believed to have provided valuable material to the armies of [[Ancient Macedon]] and especially to the campaign of [[Alexander the Great]], during the 4th century BC,<ref name=municipality/> although in archaeological bibliography the specific location has not been identified as one of the ancient mining sites.<ref>{{cite book|author1= |
The gold and silver mines found in the mountain of Agkistro, south of the modern village, are believed to have provided valuable material to the armies of [[Ancient Macedon]] and especially to the campaign of [[Alexander the Great]], during the 4th century BC,<ref name=municipality/> although in archaeological bibliography the specific location has not been identified as one of the ancient mining sites.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hammond, N.G.L.|author1-link=N. G. L. Hammond|author2=Griffith, G.T. |title=A history of Macedonia Vol.2, 550-336|year=1979|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|isbn=9780198148142|pages=72ff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22the+silver+mine+just+west+or+northwest+of+Lake+Prasias%2C+from+which+Alexander+subsequently%22}}</ref> The steam bath complex and tower in the village center were erected during the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] period, ca. 950 AD.<ref name=municipality>{{cite web|title=Άγκιστρο - Ιστορική Αναδρομή|url=http://www.sidiki.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=199:2011-06-09-17-15-18&catid=41:history1&Itemid=57&lang=el|publisher=Δήμος Σιντικής|accessdate=29 April 2012}}</ref> The latter was later converted into a 20 m high clock tower, possibly during the reign of Emperor [[Andronikos III Palaiologos]] (1328–1341).<ref name=naserron>{{cite web|script-title=el:Τουριστικές διαδρομές |url=http://www.naserron.gr/pdf/diadromi_1.pdf |publisher=Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Σερρών |accessdate=2 May 2012 |language=Greek }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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During [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] times the village was known as ''Tsigkeli'' ({{lang-tr|Çengel}}), while the baths were modified for use by the local Ottoman [[List of Ottoman titles and appellations|lord]] and his [[harem]].<ref name=municipality/> Additionally the clock tower was used as a jail and place of executions.<ref name=naserron/> In a survey of 1877 by the French professor A. Synvet,<ref>Archaeology, anthropology, and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F.W. Hasluck, 1878-1920, Volume 2; David Shankland; 2004; [https://books.google.com/books? |
During [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] times the village was known as ''Tsigkeli'' ({{lang-tr|Çengel}}), while the baths were modified for use by the local Ottoman [[List of Ottoman titles and appellations|lord]] and his [[harem]].<ref name=municipality/> Additionally the clock tower was used as a jail and place of executions.<ref name=naserron/> In a survey of 1877 by the French professor A. Synvet,<ref>Archaeology, anthropology, and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F.W. Hasluck, 1878-1920, Volume 2; David Shankland; 2004; [https://books.google.com/books?id=B4MOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Synvet%27s+figures+were+largely+based+on+the+results+of+a+two-year+old+survey+done+by+order+of+the+Patriarchate%22 p.281]</ref> the village was home to 200 Greeks;<ref>{{cite book|last=Synvet|first=A.|title=Les Greks de l'Empire Ottoman|year=1877|location=Constantinople|pages=48|url=http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/php/pdf_pager.php?filename=%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fanemi-portal%2Fmetadata%2F8%2Fe%2Fb%2Fattached-metadata-388-0000002%2F121610.pdf&rec=%2Fmetadata%2F8%2Fe%2Fb%2Fmetadata-388-0000002.tkl&do=121610.pdf&width=841&height=595&pagestart=1&maxpage=42&lang=el&pageno=24&pagenotop=24&pagenobottom=1}}</ref> while in a survey of 1905, by the Secretary General of the [[Bulgarian Exarchate]] ({{lang-bg|Сенгелово}}, ''Sengelovo''), who expressed the Bulgarian point of view,<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Zartman|editor-first=I. William|title=Understanding life in the borderlands boundaries in depth and in motion|year=2010|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens, Ga.|isbn=9780820334073|pages=168|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mnc6pguW220C&dq=%22brancoff%22+macedonia+statistics&pg=PA168|edition=[Online-Ausg.].}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Dakin|first=Douglas|author-link=Douglas Dakin|title=The Greek struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913|year=1966|publisher=Institute for Balkan Studies|pages=[https://archive.org/details/greekstruggleinm0000daki/page/20 20]|url=https://archive.org/details/greekstruggleinm0000daki|url-access=registration|quote=Further pro-Bulgarian statistics are elaborately set out in DM Brancoff.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bowman|first=Isaiah|title=The new world: problems in political geography|year=1922|publisher=World book company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newworld00unkngoog/page/n603 591]|url=https://archive.org/details/newworld00unkngoog|quote=a statistical study from the Bulgarian point of view.}}</ref> |
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the village was inhabited by 1,536 Bulgarians and had a Bulgarian school,<ref>D.M. Brancoff. La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne, 1905, [http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/php/pdf_pager.php?filename=/var/www/anemi-portal//metadata/6/9/5/attached-metadata-5d3c137498cf87397083652dec9dfdac_1242889374/154547_w.pdf&pageno=98&width=1031&height=728&maxpage=141&lang=en p.188] (marked as ''Senguelovo'') {{ |
the village was inhabited by 1,536 Bulgarians and had a Bulgarian school,<ref>D.M. Brancoff. La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne, 1905, [http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/php/pdf_pager.php?filename=/var/www/anemi-portal//metadata/6/9/5/attached-metadata-5d3c137498cf87397083652dec9dfdac_1242889374/154547_w.pdf&pageno=98&width=1031&height=728&maxpage=141&lang=en p.188] (marked as ''Senguelovo'') {{in lang|fr}}</ref> which is also confirmed by a map by the Italian Institute Geografico de Agostini of the Christian schools in Macedonia.<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Christian_Schools_in_Macedonia_early_20th.jpg Map of the Italian Instituto Geografico de Agostini, showing the distribution of schools, churches, monasteries in the Ottoman vilayet of Saloniki.]</ref> When the [[Balkan Wars]] ended in 1913, the Greek-Bulgarian border was drawn a few metres north of the village. In the years that followed, due to tensions in [[Greek-Bulgarian relations]], the village was to be found within a military zone.<ref name=municipality/> |
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In 1920 the local population was 965. In 1923 a number of refugees arrived from the [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]] region, as part of the [[population exchange between Greece and Turkey]], resulting in a population increase (1,240 in 1928).<ref name=municipality/> South of the village lies [[Rupel Fort]], which was part of the Greek [[Metaxas Line|line of defense]] that withstood the [[Battle of Greece|German invasion]] in the spring of 1941, during [[World War II]].<ref name=ekathimerini>ekathimerini.gr [http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite8_1_25/01/2011_375076 Pamper yourself in Serres: Village of Agistro offers steam baths and more] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131134412/http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite8_1_25/01/2011_375076 |date=January 31, 2011 }}.</ref> |
In 1920 the local population was 965. In 1923 a number of refugees arrived from the [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]] region, as part of the [[population exchange between Greece and Turkey]], resulting in a population increase (1,240 in 1928).<ref name=municipality/> South of the village lies [[Rupel Fort]], which was part of the Greek [[Metaxas Line|line of defense]] that withstood the [[Battle of Greece|German invasion]] in the spring of 1941, during [[World War II]].<ref name=ekathimerini>ekathimerini.gr [http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite8_1_25/01/2011_375076 Pamper yourself in Serres: Village of Agistro offers steam baths and more] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131134412/http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite8_1_25/01/2011_375076 |date=January 31, 2011 }}.</ref> |
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==Tourist Attractions== |
==Tourist Attractions== |
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[[File:Agkistro Byzantine bath.jpg|thumb|Agkistro Byzantine bath.]] |
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Despite its distance from main cities (or because of its location on the borderline), around 100,000 tourists visit Agkistro on an annual basis.<ref>tanea.gr [http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4546372 Ποια κρίση; Εδώ δεν υπάρχει άνεργος.]</ref> Despite the general [[Greek government-debt crisis|financial crisis in Greece]], there is no local unemployment, with over thirty businesses catering to the [[Tourism in Greece|tourist industry]]. The main attraction is the Byzantine spa complex which has been recently [[Architectural conservation|renovated]].<ref>Management Authority of Lake Kerkini. [http://www.kerkini.gr/ENGLISH/xoroi%20politistikoy%20endiaferontos.html Places of Ecological and Cultural Interest.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816160632/http://www.kerkini.gr/ENGLISH/xoroi%20politistikoy%20endiaferontos.html |date=August 16, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4635969 20 ΕΡΩΤΉΣΕΙΣ Οι επενδύσεις στα ιαματικά νερά μηδένισαν την ανεργία στο Άγκιστρο.]</ref> The complex has seven bath tubs, of which the oldest one dates to 950 A.D. It is open all year round, 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. The accessibility is one of the main positive factors, as people can enjoy an entire weekend on the premises. The temperature of the water is between 35 and 39° |
Despite its distance from main cities (or because of its location on the borderline), around 100,000 tourists visit Agkistro on an annual basis.<ref>tanea.gr [http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4546372 Ποια κρίση; Εδώ δεν υπάρχει άνεργος.]</ref> Despite the general [[Greek government-debt crisis|financial crisis in Greece]], there is no local unemployment, with over thirty businesses catering to the [[Tourism in Greece|tourist industry]]. The main attraction is the Byzantine spa complex which has been recently [[Architectural conservation|renovated]].<ref>Management Authority of Lake Kerkini. [http://www.kerkini.gr/ENGLISH/xoroi%20politistikoy%20endiaferontos.html Places of Ecological and Cultural Interest.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816160632/http://www.kerkini.gr/ENGLISH/xoroi%20politistikoy%20endiaferontos.html |date=August 16, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4635969 20 ΕΡΩΤΉΣΕΙΣ Οι επενδύσεις στα ιαματικά νερά μηδένισαν την ανεργία στο Άγκιστρο.]</ref> The complex has seven bath tubs, of which the oldest one dates to 950 A.D. It is open all year round, 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. The accessibility is one of the main positive factors, as people can enjoy an entire weekend on the premises. The temperature of the water is between 35 and 39 °C and its quality is hypotonic, slightly radioactive, suitable for curing rheumatism and arthritis.<ref>[http://www.thermalsprings.gr/index.php/en/component/content/article/74-thermal-springs-presentation/central-macedonia/113-agkistro-en Agkistro], Thermal Springs</ref> |
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In [[Fort Roupel]], which is today a war museum, memorial celebrations are held each year on the 6th of April.<ref>[http://www.army.gr/default.php?pname=Roupel&la=1 Μουσείο Ρούπελ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523140615/http://www.army.gr/default.php?pname=Roupel&la=1 |date=May 23, 2012 }} [Museum Rupel. Hellenic Army General Staff.</ref><ref>Ruralita Mediterranea. [http://www.ruralitamediterranea.com/site/multimedia/cataloghi/pdf/Grecia_eng.pdf Art, flavours and traditions of the Land of Greece.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919151029/http://www.ruralitamediterranea.com/site/multimedia/cataloghi/pdf/Grecia_eng.pdf |date=September 19, 2015 }} p. 13</ref> |
In [[Fort Roupel]], which is today a war museum, memorial celebrations are held each year on the 6th of April.<ref>[http://www.army.gr/default.php?pname=Roupel&la=1 Μουσείο Ρούπελ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523140615/http://www.army.gr/default.php?pname=Roupel&la=1 |date=May 23, 2012 }} [Museum Rupel. Hellenic Army General Staff.</ref><ref>Ruralita Mediterranea. [http://www.ruralitamediterranea.com/site/multimedia/cataloghi/pdf/Grecia_eng.pdf Art, flavours and traditions of the Land of Greece.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919151029/http://www.ruralitamediterranea.com/site/multimedia/cataloghi/pdf/Grecia_eng.pdf |date=September 19, 2015 }} p. 13</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Sintiki div}} |
{{Sintiki div}} |
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[[Category:Populated places in Serres (regional unit)]] |
[[Category:Populated places in Serres (regional unit)]] |
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[[Category:Sintiki]] |
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[[Category:Spa towns in Greece]] |
[[Category:Spa towns in Greece]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:44, 8 March 2024
Agkistro
Άγκιστρο | |
|---|---|
  Agkistro Location within the regional unit  | |
| Coordinates: 41°23′N 23°45′E / 41.383°N 23.750°E | |
| Land | Griechenland |
| Administrative region | Central Macedonia |
| Regional unit | Serres |
| Municipality | Sintiki |
| Area | |
| • Municipal unit | 70.9 km2 (27.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
| • Municipal unit | 350 |
| • Municipal unit density | 4.9/km2 (13/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Vehicle registration | ΕΡ |
Agkistro or alternatively Agistro (Greek: Άγκιστρο, pronounced [ˈaɟistɾo]), is a village in the Serres regional unit, Griechenland. The village is part of the municipality of Sintiki[2] and hosts a population of 350, according to the 2021 census.[1] The municipal unit has an area of 70.937 km2.[3] Agistro lies near the Greek-Bulgarian border and 10 km from the border crossing of Promachonas.[4] The village main tourist attraction is its steam bath complex, which dates from the Byzantine period.[4][5]
History
[edit]The gold and silver mines found in the mountain of Agkistro, south of the modern village, are believed to have provided valuable material to the armies of Ancient Macedon and especially to the campaign of Alexander the Great, during the 4th century BC,[6] although in archaeological bibliography the specific location has not been identified as one of the ancient mining sites.[7] The steam bath complex and tower in the village center were erected during the Byzantine period, ca. 950 AD.[6] The latter was later converted into a 20 m high clock tower, possibly during the reign of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos (1328–1341).[8]
During Ottoman times the village was known as Tsigkeli (Turkish: Çengel), while the baths were modified for use by the local Ottoman lord and his harem.[6] Additionally the clock tower was used as a jail and place of executions.[8] In a survey of 1877 by the French professor A. Synvet,[9] the village was home to 200 Greeks;[10] while in a survey of 1905, by the Secretary General of the Bulgarian Exarchate (Bulgarian: Сенгелово, Sengelovo), who expressed the Bulgarian point of view,[11][12][13] the village was inhabited by 1,536 Bulgarians and had a Bulgarian school,[14] which is also confirmed by a map by the Italian Institute Geografico de Agostini of the Christian schools in Macedonia.[15] When the Balkan Wars ended in 1913, the Greek-Bulgarian border was drawn a few metres north of the village. In the years that followed, due to tensions in Greek-Bulgarian relations, the village was to be found within a military zone.[6]
In 1920 the local population was 965. In 1923 a number of refugees arrived from the Pontus region, as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, resulting in a population increase (1,240 in 1928).[6] South of the village lies Rupel Fort, which was part of the Greek line of defense that withstood the German invasion in the spring of 1941, during World War II.[4]
Agkistro formed a separate community, but during the local government reforms of 2011 it was incorporated within the Sintiki municipality, of which it is a municipal unit.[2]
Tourist Attractions
[edit]
Despite its distance from main cities (or because of its location on the borderline), around 100,000 tourists visit Agkistro on an annual basis.[16] Despite the general financial crisis in Greece, there is no local unemployment, with over thirty businesses catering to the tourist industry. The main attraction is the Byzantine spa complex which has been recently renovated.[17][18] The complex has seven bath tubs, of which the oldest one dates to 950 A.D. It is open all year round, 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. The accessibility is one of the main positive factors, as people can enjoy an entire weekend on the premises. The temperature of the water is between 35 and 39 °C and its quality is hypotonic, slightly radioactive, suitable for curing rheumatism and arthritis.[19]
In Fort Roupel, which is today a war museum, memorial celebrations are held each year on the 6th of April.[20][21]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
- ^ a b "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
- ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
- ^ a b c ekathimerini.gr Pamper yourself in Serres: Village of Agistro offers steam baths and more Archived January 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Unbekanntes Griechenland: Das besondere Erlebnis" (PDF). Griechenland Aktuell. January 13, 2011. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "Άγκιστρο - Ιστορική Αναδρομή". Δήμος Σιντικής. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ Hammond, N.G.L.; Griffith, G.T. (1979). A history of Macedonia Vol.2, 550-336. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 72ff. ISBN 9780198148142.
- ^ a b Τουριστικές διαδρομές (PDF) (in Greek). Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Σερρών. Retrieved 2 May 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Archaeology, anthropology, and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F.W. Hasluck, 1878-1920, Volume 2; David Shankland; 2004; p.281
- ^ Synvet, A. (1877). Les Greks de l'Empire Ottoman. Constantinople. p. 48.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Zartman, I. William, ed. (2010). Understanding life in the borderlands boundaries in depth and in motion ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780820334073.
- ^ Dakin, Douglas (1966). The Greek struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 20.
Further pro-Bulgarian statistics are elaborately set out in DM Brancoff.
- ^ Bowman, Isaiah (1922). The new world: problems in political geography. World book company. pp. 591.
a statistical study from the Bulgarian point of view.
- ^ D.M. Brancoff. La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne, 1905, p.188 (marked as Senguelovo) (in French)
- ^ Map of the Italian Instituto Geografico de Agostini, showing the distribution of schools, churches, monasteries in the Ottoman vilayet of Saloniki.
- ^ tanea.gr Ποια κρίση; Εδώ δεν υπάρχει άνεργος.
- ^ Management Authority of Lake Kerkini. Places of Ecological and Cultural Interest. Archived August 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 20 ΕΡΩΤΉΣΕΙΣ Οι επενδύσεις στα ιαματικά νερά μηδένισαν την ανεργία στο Άγκιστρο.
- ^ Agkistro, Thermal Springs
- ^ Μουσείο Ρούπελ Archived May 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine [Museum Rupel. Hellenic Army General Staff.
- ^ Ruralita Mediterranea. Art, flavours and traditions of the Land of Greece. Archived September 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine p. 13
