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{{Short description|Civil disobedience event in Germany}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}
[[File:Ende Gelände Protest auf der Nord-Süd Bahn vor dem Kraftwerk Neurath.jpg|thumb|About a thousand Ende Gelände 2019 activists blocking the {{ill|North-South industrial spur{{!}}North–South industrial spur|de|Nord-Süd-Bahn (Garzweiler)}}, thereby cutting the [[Neurath power station]] (in background) off from its supply of lignite from {{nowrap|{{date|2019-06-21|dmy}}}} to {{nowrap|{{date|2019-06-23|dmy}}}}.]]
[[File:Ende Gelände Protest auf der Nord-Süd Bahn vor dem Kraftwerk Neurath.jpg|thumb|About a thousand Ende Gelände 2019 activists blocking the {{ill|North-South industrial spur{{!}}North–South industrial spur|de|Nord-Süd-Bahn (Garzweiler)}}, thereby cutting the [[Neurath power station]] (in background) off from its supply of lignite from {{nowrap|21 June 2019}} to {{nowrap|23 June 2019}}.]]
'''Ende Gelände 2019''' was a series of large-scale events of a movement for [[climate justice]] in Germany.
'''Ende Gelände 2019''' was a series of large-scale events of a movement for [[climate justice]] in Germany.


As a continuation of the [[Ende Gelände 2018|previous year]]'s actions, the [[non-violent direct action]] [[civil disobedience]] events targeted the [[coal-fired power plant]]s of [[RWE Power AG]] and demanded the "immediate [[fossil fuel phase-out]]" based on climate justice and [[climate change mitigation]].<ref name="aufruf_2019"/>
As a continuation of the [[Ende Gelände 2018|previous year]]'s actions, the [[non-violent direct action]] [[civil disobedience]] events targeted the [[coal-fired power plant]]s of [[RWE Power AG]] and demanded the "immediate [[fossil fuel phase-out]]" based on climate justice and [[climate change mitigation]].<ref name="aufruf_2019" />


Between June 21 and June 23, 2019, protests centered on the [[Garzweiler open pit mine]] of the {{ill|Rhenish lignite mining area|de|Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier}}.<ref name="Gerich_2019"/><ref name="Leipziger_2019_1"/><ref name="Leipziger_2019_2"/>
Between 21 and 23 June 2019, protests centered on the [[Garzweiler open pit mine]] of the {{ill|Rhenish lignite mining area|de|Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier}}.<ref name="Gerich_2019" /><ref name="Leipziger_2019_1" /><ref name="Leipziger_2019_2" />


Protests also took place in the {{ill|Lusatian lignite mining area|de|Lausitzer Braunkohlerevier}} between November 29 and December 1, 2019.<ref name="PR20190923"/>
Protests also took place in the {{ill|Lusatian lignite mining area|de|Lausitzer Braunkohlerevier}} between 29 November and 1 December 2019.<ref name="PR20190923" />


== In the Rhenish lignite mining area ==
== In the Rhenish lignite mining area ==
=== Background ===
=== Background ===
In January 2019, the German [[Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment]] recommended in its final report that coal should be completely phased out as a power source in Germany by 2038, which was criticized by both scientists, such as Commissioner [[Hans Joachim Schellnhuber]], and environmental organizations as inadequate to prevent [[global warming]] from reaching an irreversible [[tipping points in the climate system|tipping point]].<ref name="spiegel-2019-01-26"/> In February 2019, the climate protection report 2018 was published, according to which Germany was forecast to miss the self-imposed climate protection targets for 2020.<ref name="zeit-2019-02-06"/>
In January 2019, the German [[Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment]] recommended in its final report that coal should be completely phased out as a power source in Germany by 2038, which was criticized by both scientists, such as Commissioner [[Hans Joachim Schellnhuber]], and environmental organizations as inadequate to prevent [[global warming]] from reaching an irreversible [[tipping points in the climate system|tipping point]].<ref name="spiegel-2019-01-26" /> In February 2019, the climate protection report 2018 was published, according to which Germany was forecast to miss the self-imposed climate protection targets for 2020.<ref name="zeit-2019-02-06" />


On June 20, 2019, the then-heads of state and government of the [[EU]] could not agree on {{CO2}} neutrality by 2050, because [[Poland]], [[Hungary]] and the [[Czech Republic]] objected to it.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20a"/>
On 20 June 2019, the then-heads of state and government of the [[EU]] could not agree on {{CO2}} neutrality by 2050, because [[Poland]], [[Hungary]] and the [[Czech Republic]] objected to it.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20a" />


The youth climate movement [[Fridays for Future Deutschland]] (FFFD) called for an [[AC2106|international protest event]] for climate protection in [[Aachen]] on the {{date|2019-06-21|dmy}}, which drew a total of {{val|40000}} people from 17 countries.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-21a"/> It was assumed that participants in the Fridays for Future demonstration would also participate in actions of Ende Gelände.<ref name="taz-2019-06-21"/> In advance, the police had warned of an instrumentalization of Fridays for Future by Ende Gelände 2019, which was seen by many as a "deliberate attempt to divide the movement," but instead it led to public statements of [[solidarization]] of Fridays for Future with Ende Gelände,<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20b"/><ref name="Burger_2019"/> stating that [[civil disobedience]] was a [[legitimacy (criminal law)|legitimate]] form of protest to save the future, but, in the demonstration on June 22, 2019 in [[Hochneukirch]]/[[Jüchen]] in the direct neighbourhood of the open-pit mine,<ref name="Barknanger_2019"/> that Fridays for Future would remain on the [[legal]] side.<ref name="faz-16247808"/><ref name="tagessch-103"/><ref name="Burger_2019"/>
The youth climate movement [[Fridays for Future Deutschland]] (FFFD) called for an [[AC2106|international protest event]] for climate protection in [[Aachen]] on the 21 June 2019, which drew {{val|40000}} people from 17 countries.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-21a" /> It was assumed that participants in the Fridays for Future demonstration would also participate in actions of Ende Gelände.<ref name="taz-2019-06-21" /> In advance, the police had warned of an instrumentalization of Fridays for Future by Ende Gelände 2019, which was seen by many as a "deliberate attempt to divide the movement," but instead it led to public statements of [[solidarization]] of Fridays for Future with Ende Gelände,<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20b" /><ref name="Burger_2019" /> stating that [[civil disobedience]] was a [[legitimacy (criminal law)|legitimate]] form of protest to save the future, but, in the demonstration on 22 June 2019 in [[Hochneukirch]]/[[Jüchen]] in the direct neighbourhood of the open-pit mine,<ref name="Barknanger_2019" /> that Fridays for Future would remain on the [[legal]] side.<ref name="faz-16247808" /><ref name="tagessch-103" /><ref name="Burger_2019" />


=== Activities ===
=== Activities ===
[[File:EndeGelaendeGarzweiler2019.jpg|thumb|Activists entering the [[Garzweiler II]] open pit mine near {{ill|Keyenberg|de}} on {{nowrap|{{date|2019-06-22|dmy}}}}.]]
[[File:EndeGelaendeGarzweiler2019.jpg|thumb|Activists entering the [[Garzweiler II]] open pit mine near {{ill|Keyenberg|de}} on {{nowrap|22 June 2019}}.]]
[[File:Ende Gelände part of the Red Finger at the brim 22-06-2019 28.jpg|thumb|Ende Gelände 2019 activists of the "red finger" near the [[Skywalk (Jackerath)|Skywalk]] at the edge of the [[Garzweiler open-pit lignite mine]] on {{date|2019-06-22|dmy}}.]]
[[File:Ende Gelände part of the Red Finger at the brim 22-06-2019 28.jpg|thumb|Ende Gelände 2019 activists of the "red finger" near the [[Skywalk (Jackerath)|Skywalk]] at the edge of the [[Garzweiler open-pit lignite mine]] on 22 June 2019.]]
[[File:Ende Gelände Red Finger breakthrough to the brim 22-06-2019 38.jpg|thumb|The "red finger" moving forward on the {{date|2019-06-22|dmy}}.]]
[[File:Ende Gelände Red Finger breakthrough to the brim 22-06-2019 38.jpg|thumb|The "red finger" moving forward on the 22 June 2019.]]
On Friday, {{date|2019-06-21|dmy}}, the Ende Gelände 2019 activities began with a blockade of the {{ill|North-South industrial spur{{!}}North–South industrial spur|de|Nord-Süd-Bahn (Garzweiler)}} between the [[Garzweiler open pit mine]] and the [[Neurath power station]].<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22a"/><ref name="Burger_2019"/> As of Saturday, there were also blockades on the {{ill|Hambach industrial spur|de|Hambachbahn}} as well as occupations of the open pit mine itself,<ref name="Burger_2019"/> causing RWE to power down four out of six production units.
On Friday, 21 June 2019 the Ende Gelände 2019 activities began with a blockade of the North-South ([[Nord-Süd Bahn-Kohlenbahn]] in German) train connection between the [[Garzweiler open pit mine]] and the [[Neurath power station]].<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22a" /><ref name="Burger_2019" /> On Saturday, 22 June 2019, blockades of the Hambach track and occupations of the open pit mine took place,<ref name="Burger_2019" /> causing RWE to power down four of six power plants.


In parallel, another [[Fridays for Future]] (FFF) demonstration was held on {{date|2019-06-22|dmy}} alongside the edge of the open pit mine and towards {{ill|Keyenberg|de}}, a village about to be dredged for open pit mining in the near future.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22b"/> According to the organizers this event drew some {{val|8000}} people.
Meanwhile, a [[Fridays for Future]] (FFF) demonstration was held on 22 June 2019 on the edge of the open pit mine and near Keyenberg, a village scheduled for dredging for open pit mining in the near future.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22b" /> According to the organizers, this event drew some {{val|8000}} people.


On the morning of the {{date|2019-06-23|dmy}}, it was reported that the blockade of the Hambach industrial spur was finished, followed by the occupation of the Garzweiler II open pit mine at noon. The railway line to the Neurath power plant was not cleared at this time.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-23"/> At 13:15 o'clock, Ende Gelände 2019 issued a press release stating that the blockade had ended. In total, more than {{val|6000}} activists participated in the protests.<ref name="pm-2019-06-23"/>
[[Die Zeit]] reported that the blockade of the Hambach industrial track ended on the morning of 23 June 2019. It was followed by the occupation of the [[Garzweiler]] II open pit mine at noon. The railway line to the [[Neurath]] power plant was not cleared at this time.<ref name="zeit-2019-06-23" /> Mid-day, Ende Gelände 2019 issued a press release stating that the blockade had ended. More than {{val|6000}} activists participated in the protests.<ref name="pm-2019-06-23" />


Police violence has been reported in connection with the protests.<ref name="taz-2019-06-23a"/> Police officers used [[baton (law enforcement)|baton]]s and [[pepper spray]] injuring some activists so that they had to be treated in hospitals. The injuries included various fractures including a [[basilar skull fracture]].<ref name="Selle_2019"/> The police said they would take the allegations seriously and investigate accordingly.<ref name="taz-2019-06-24"/><ref name="Selle_2019"/> In addition, at several times participants were hindered to freely leave the train stations of [[Hochneukirch]] and [[Viersen]] for up to 13 hours, for what the police called "capacity issues".<ref name="pm-2019-06-23"/><ref name="taz-2019-06-23b"/> The police reported eight injured police officers,<ref name="taz-2019-06-23a"/> probably due to falls while trying to stop protesters.<ref name="sz-2019-06-23"/>
Police violence was reported in connection with the protests.<ref name="taz-2019-06-23a" /> Police officers used [[baton (law enforcement)|baton]]s and [[pepper spray]] injuring activists so intensely that they had to be treated in hospitals. The injuries included a [[basilar skull fracture]].<ref name="Selle_2019" /> The police said they would take the allegations seriously and investigate accordingly.<ref name="taz-2019-06-24" /><ref name="Selle_2019" /> In addition, participants were prevented from freely leaving the train stations in [[Hochneukirch]] and [[Viersen]], for up to 13 hours, due to what the police called "capacity issues".<ref name="pm-2019-06-23" /><ref name="taz-2019-06-23b" /> The police reported eight injured police officers,<ref name="taz-2019-06-23a" /> probably due to falls while trying to stop protesters.<ref name="sz-2019-06-23" />


After Ende Gelände had already stopped its activities at the Garzweiler open-pit mine, at 5 o'clock in the morning of Monday, {{date|2019-06-24|dmy}}, another group blocked the Hambach industrial spur and seven women occupied an excavator at the [[Hambach open-pit lignite mine]] until midday.<ref name="Zeit_2019-06-24"/><ref name="RP-Online_2019-06-24"/>
After Ende Gelände had already stopped its activities at the Garzweiler open-pit mine, at 5 am (CET) on Monday, 24 June 2019, another group blocked the Hambach industrial spur and seven women occupied an excavator at the [[Hambach open-pit lignite mine]] until midday.<ref name="Zeit_2019-06-24" /><ref name="RP-Online_2019-06-24" />


== In the Lusatian lignite mining area ==
== In the Lusatian lignite mining area ==
=== Background ===
=== Background ===
About 1.4&nbsp;million Germans joined the [[third global climate strike]] on 20 September 2019.<ref name="fff-streik3"/><ref name="tagesschau-2019-09-20"/> On the same day, the [[fourth Merkel cabinet]] proposed their {{ill|Klimapaket|de}},<ref name="zeit-2019-09-20a"/> which was criticized as being insufficient by the opposition, environment organizations and scientists. [[Ottmar Edenhofer]], director of the [[Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung]], described it as "document of political dispiritedness" with which the set goals for 2030 could not be reached.<ref name="zeit-2019-09-20b"/> The [[2019 UN Climate Action Summit]] on the 23 September 2019 also did not brought forward any ambitious enough measures by the most important countries.<ref name="zeit-2019-09-23"/> The [[2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] is scheduled to happen from 2 to 13 December 2019.<ref name="zeit-2019-11-01"/>
About 1.4&nbsp;million Germans joined the [[third global climate strike]] on 20 September 2019.<ref name="fff-streik3" /><ref name="tagesschau-2019-09-20" /> On the same day, the [[fourth Merkel cabinet]] proposed its climate package, which was criticized as being insufficient by scientists, environmental organizations and the opposition. [[Ottmar Edenhofer]], director of the [[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]], described it as "document of political dispiritedness" with which the set goals for 2030 could not be reached.<ref name="zeit-2019-09-20b" /> During the [[2019 UN Climate Action Summit]] on the 23 September 2019, the most important countries also did not bring forward any measures that were ambitious enough.<ref name="zeit-2019-09-23" />


=== Activities ===
=== Activities ===
[[File:Ende Gelände November 2019 demonstration Koppatzer Straße 32.jpg|thumb|Finger of the {{lang|de|Anti-Kohle-Kidz}} shortly before a blockade near {{ill|Koppatz|de}}.]]
[[File:Ende Gelände November 2019 demonstration Koppatzer Straße 32.jpg|thumb|Finger of the {{lang|de|Anti-Kohle-Kidz}} shortly before a blockade near {{ill|Koppatz|de}}.]]
On Friday, the 29 November 2019, protesters again demanded more climate protection during the [[fourth global climate strike]]. In Germany, about {{val|630000}} people participated in this event.<ref name="zeit-2019-11-29"/> On Saturday, several thousand activists from [[Brandenburg]] and [[Saxony]] started blockades in the open pit mines {{ill|Welzow-South open pit mine{{!}}South Welzow|de|Tagebau Welzow-Süd}}, {{ill|Jänschwalde open pit mine{{!}}Jänschwalde|de|Tagebau Jänschwalde}} and [[United Schleenhain coal mine|United Schleenhain]].<ref name="zeit-2019-11-30"/> Fridays for Future and the initiative {{lang|de|Alle Dörfer bleiben}} supported the activities.<ref name="rbb-2019-11-30"/> As planned, after several hours the activists stopped the blockades in the afternoon. According to the police, three policemen were lightly injured, otherwise the protests remained peaceful despite threats of violence from right-wing extremists in the days before the event.<ref name="zeit-2019-12-01"/>
On Friday, the 29 November 2019, protesters again demanded more climate protection during the [[fourth global climate strike]]. In Germany, about {{val|630000}} people participated in this event.<ref name="zeit-2019-11-29" /> On Saturday, several thousand activists from [[Brandenburg]] and [[Saxony]] started blockades in the open pit mines {{ill|Welzow-South open pit mine{{!}}South Welzow|de|Tagebau Welzow-Süd}}, {{ill|Jänschwalde open pit mine{{!}}Jänschwalde|de|Tagebau Jänschwalde}} and [[United Schleenhain coal mine|United Schleenhain]].<ref name="zeit-2019-11-30" /> Fridays for Future and the initiative {{lang|de|Alle Dörfer bleiben}} supported the activities.<ref name="rbb-2019-11-30" /> As planned, after several hours the activists stopped the blockades in the afternoon. According to the police, three policemen were lightly injured, otherwise the protests remained peaceful despite threats of violence from right-wing extremists in the days before the event.<ref name="zeit-2019-12-01" />


== See also ==
== See also ==
* {{ill|Ende Gelände 2015|de}}
* [[Ende Gelände]]
* [[Ende Gelände 2016]]
* [[Ende Gelände 2017]]
* [[Ende Gelände 2018]]
* [[Ende Gelände 2018]]
* <!-- {{anchor|2020}[[Ende Gelände 2020]] -->
* [[Ende Gelände 2020]]
* [[Extinction Rebellion]] (XR)
* [[Extinction Rebellion]] (XR)
* [[School strike for climate]] / [[Fridays for Future]] (FFF)
* [[School strike for climate]] / [[Fridays for Future]] (FFF)
Line 53: Line 53:
* [[Fossil fuel divestment]]
* [[Fossil fuel divestment]]
* [[Climate disobedience]]
* [[Climate disobedience]]
* {{ill|List of demolished German villages due to open pit mining|de|Liste abgebaggerter Ortschaften}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="aufruf_2019">{{cite web |title=Aufruf 2019 |language=de |publisher=Ende Gelände 2019 |url=https://www.ende-gelaende.org/de/aufruf-2019/#1 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="aufruf_2019">{{cite web |title=Aufruf 2019 |language=de |publisher=Ende Gelände 2019 |url=https://www.ende-gelaende.org/de/aufruf-2019/#1 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="pm-2019-06-23">{{cite web |title=Press announcement 2019-06-23 13:15 |language=de |date=2019-06-23 |publisher=Ende Gelände 2019 |url=https://www.ende-gelaende.org/de/press-release/pressemitteilung-vom-23-6-um-1315-uhr/ |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="pm-2019-06-23">{{cite web |title=Press announcement 2019-06-23 13:15 |language=de |date=2019-06-23 |publisher=Ende Gelände 2019 |url=https://www.ende-gelaende.org/de/press-release/pressemitteilung-vom-23-6-um-1315-uhr/ |access-date=2019-06-23 |archive-date=2019-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623190611/https://www.ende-gelaende.org/de/press-release/pressemitteilung-vom-23-6-um-1315-uhr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="spiegel-2019-01-26">{{cite web |title=So reagiert die Regierung auf den Kohlekompromiss |language=de |date=2019-01-26 |work=[[Spiegel Online]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/kohleausstieg-peter-altmaier-olaf-scholz-andrea-nahles-die-reaktionen-a-1250155.html |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="spiegel-2019-01-26">{{cite news |title=So reagiert die Regierung auf den Kohlekompromiss |language=de |date=2019-01-26 |work=[[Spiegel Online]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/kohleausstieg-peter-altmaier-olaf-scholz-andrea-nahles-die-reaktionen-a-1250155.html |access-date=2019-06-23|last1=Hagen |first1=Kevin }}</ref>
<ref name="sz-2019-06-23">{{cite web |title=An der Kante |language=de |publisher=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |date=2019-06-23 |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/klimaschutz-an-der-kante-1.4495787 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="sz-2019-06-23">{{cite web |title=An der Kante |language=de |publisher=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |date=2019-06-23 |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/klimaschutz-an-der-kante-1.4495787 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-21">{{cite web |title=Radikalisieren verboten! |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-06-21 |url=https://taz.de/Aktionen-von-Fridays-for-Future-in-NRW/!5601982/ |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-21">{{cite news |title=Radikalisieren verboten! |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-06-21 |url=https://taz.de/Aktionen-von-Fridays-for-Future-in-NRW/!5601982/ |access-date=2019-06-23|last1=Müllender |first1=Bernd }}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-23a">{{cite web |title=Besetzung läuft noch immer |language=de |date=2019-06-23 |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |url=https://taz.de/Klimaprotest-von-Ende-Gelaende/!5604961/ |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-23a">{{cite news |title=Besetzung läuft noch immer |language=de |date=2019-06-23 |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |url=https://taz.de/Klimaprotest-von-Ende-Gelaende/!5604961/ |access-date=2019-06-23|last1=Schipkowski |first1=Katharina }}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-23b">{{cite web |title=In Garzweiler verweilt |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-06-23 |url=https://taz.de/Kohleprotest-in-Nordrhein-Westfalen/!5604931/ |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-23b">{{cite news |title=In Garzweiler verweilt |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-06-23 |url=https://taz.de/Kohleprotest-in-Nordrhein-Westfalen/!5604931/ |access-date=2019-06-23|last1=Schipkowski |first1=Katharina }}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-24">{{cite web |title=Aktivisten erheben schwere Vorwürfe |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-06-24 |url=https://taz.de/Polizeigewalt-bei-Ende-Gelaende/!5605436/ |access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref>
<ref name="taz-2019-06-24">{{cite news |title=Aktivisten erheben schwere Vorwürfe |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-06-24 |url=https://taz.de/Polizeigewalt-bei-Ende-Gelaende/!5605436/ |access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-02-06">{{cite web |title=Deutschland verfehlt Klimaziele für 2020 |language=de |date=2019-02-06 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-02/klimaschutzbericht-ziele-2020-immissionen-klimawandel |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-02-06">{{cite web |title=Deutschland verfehlt Klimaziele für 2020 |language=de |date=2019-02-06 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-02/klimaschutzbericht-ziele-2020-immissionen-klimawandel |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20a">{{cite web |title=Festlegung auf neues Klimaziel 2050 scheitert |language=de |date=2019-06-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-06/eu-gipfel-entwurf-klimaneutralitaet-2050-gescheitert |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20a">{{cite web |title=Festlegung auf neues Klimaziel 2050 scheitert |language=de |date=2019-06-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-06/eu-gipfel-entwurf-klimaneutralitaet-2050-gescheitert |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20b">{{cite web |title=Die Zeit des Belächelns ist vorbei |language=de |date=2019-06-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-internationaler-streiktag-klimaproteste-sichtbarkeit/komplettansicht |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-20b">{{cite web |title=Die Zeit des Belächelns ist vorbei |language=de |date=2019-06-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-internationaler-streiktag-klimaproteste-sichtbarkeit/komplettansicht |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-21a">{{cite web |title=Sie meinen es ernst |language=de |date=2019-06-21 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-21a">{{cite web |title=Sie meinen es ernst |language=de |date=2019-06-21 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22a">{{cite web |title=Hunderte Aktivisten blockieren Gleise zum Kohlekraftwerk |language=de |date=2019-06-22 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/umwelt/2019-06/rwe-blockade-kohleausstieg-neurath-klimawandel-aktivisten |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22a">{{cite web |title=Hunderte Aktivisten blockieren Gleise zum Kohlekraftwerk |language=de |date=2019-06-22 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/umwelt/2019-06/rwe-blockade-kohleausstieg-neurath-klimawandel-aktivisten |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22b">{{cite web |title=Tausende Menschen protestieren im Braunkohlerevier |language=de |date=2019-06-22 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-06/kohleausstieg-klimaschutz-braunkohle-garzweiler-demonstrationen |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-22b">{{cite web |title=Tausende Menschen protestieren im Braunkohlerevier |language=de |date=2019-06-22 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-06/kohleausstieg-klimaschutz-braunkohle-garzweiler-demonstrationen |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-23">{{cite web |title=Tagebau Garzweiler vollständig geräumt |language=de |date=2019-06-23 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-06/klimaschutz-proteste-aachen-ende-gelaende-fridays-for-future-raeumung |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-06-23">{{cite web |title=Tagebau Garzweiler vollständig geräumt |language=de |date=2019-06-23 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-06/klimaschutz-proteste-aachen-ende-gelaende-fridays-for-future-raeumung |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Gerich_2019">{{cite web |title="Ende Gelände" besetzt Tagebau Garzweiler - Polizisten bei Sturm verletzt - Bei den Demos im Rheinischen Revier haben Aktivisten von "Ende Gelände" den Tagebau gestürmt. Mindestens zwei Polizisten wurden wohl verletzt. |language=de |author-first1=Simon |author-last1=Gerich |author-first2=Lucas |author-last2=Bayer |author-first3=Holger |author-last3=Dumke |author-first4=Marc |author-last4=Wolko |newspaper=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/politik/article226242653/Aktivisten-von-Ende-Gelaende-besetzen-Tagebau-Garzweiler-Polizisten-bei-Sturm-verletzt.html |access-date=2019-06-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Gerich_2019">{{cite web |title="Ende Gelände" besetzt Tagebau Garzweiler - Polizisten bei Sturm verletzt - Bei den Demos im Rheinischen Revier haben Aktivisten von "Ende Gelände" den Tagebau gestürmt. Mindestens zwei Polizisten wurden wohl verletzt. |language=de |author-first1=Simon |author-last1=Gerich |author-first2=Lucas |author-last2=Bayer |author-first3=Holger |author-last3=Dumke |author-first4=Marc |author-last4=Wolko |newspaper=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/politik/article226242653/Aktivisten-von-Ende-Gelaende-besetzen-Tagebau-Garzweiler-Polizisten-bei-Sturm-verletzt.html |access-date=2019-06-22 }}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_1">{{cite web |title=Ende Gelände legt Rheinisches Revier still - Tagebau Garzweiler blockiert, Hambach Bahn sowie Nord-Süd Bahn besetzt |language=de |work=[[Leipziger Internet Zeitung]] |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |access-date=2019-06-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622232807/https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |archive-date=22 June 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_1">{{cite web |title=Ende Gelände legt Rheinisches Revier still - Tagebau Garzweiler blockiert, Hambach Bahn sowie Nord-Süd Bahn besetzt |language=de |work=[[Leipziger Internet Zeitung]] |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |access-date=2019-06-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622232807/https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_2">{{cite web |title=Kohlebahn seit 15 Stunden blockiert: 6.000 Aktivist*innen in Aktion |language=de |work=[[Leipziger Internet Zeitung]] |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |access-date=2019-06-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622232715/https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |archive-date=22 June 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_2">{{cite web |title=Kohlebahn seit 15 Stunden blockiert: 6.000 Aktivist*innen in Aktion |language=de |work=[[Leipziger Internet Zeitung]] |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |access-date=2019-06-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622232715/https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Barknanger_2019">{{cite web |title="Fridays For Future" sammelt sich zum Protest am Tagebau |language=de |author=dpa |location=Jüchen |work=Barknanger Kreiszeitung |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.bkz.de/nachrichten/fridays-for-future-sammelt-sich-zum-protest-am-tagebau-28394.html |access-date=2019-06-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Barknanger_2019">{{cite web |title="Fridays For Future" sammelt sich zum Protest am Tagebau |language=de |author=dpa |location=Jüchen |work=Barknanger Kreiszeitung |date=2019-06-22 |url=https://www.bkz.de/nachrichten/fridays-for-future-sammelt-sich-zum-protest-am-tagebau-28394.html |access-date=2019-06-22 }}</ref>
<ref name="faz-16247808">{{cite news |author-first=Sarah |author-last=Obertreis |title=Der lange Zug von Aachen |language=de |trans-title=The long train of Aachen |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |date=2019-06-21 |url=https://www.faz.net/1.6247808 |access-date=2019-06-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621224322/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-der-lange-zug-von-aachen-16247808.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |quote=„Wir erachten zivilen Ungehorsam als legitime Protestform. Er ist zwingend notwendig zum Schutz unserer Zukunft.“ […] „Fridays for Future wird auf der legalen Seite bleiben.“ }}</ref>
<ref name="faz-16247808">{{cite news |author-first=Sarah |author-last=Obertreis |title=Der lange Zug von Aachen |language=de |trans-title=The long train of Aachen |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |date=2019-06-21 |url=https://www.faz.net/1.6247808 |access-date=2019-06-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621224322/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-der-lange-zug-von-aachen-16247808.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |quote=„Wir erachten zivilen Ungehorsam als legitime Protestform. Er ist zwingend notwendig zum Schutz unserer Zukunft.“ […] „Fridays for Future wird auf der legalen Seite bleiben.“}}</ref>
<ref name="tagessch-103">{{cite web |title="Fridays for Future": Internationaler Klimastreik in Aachen - "Fridays for Future" in Aachen "Oma, was ist ein Schneemann?" |language=de |work=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|Tagesschau]] |publisher=[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] |date=2019-06-21 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |access-date=2019-06-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621174631/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name="tagessch-103">{{cite web |title="Fridays for Future": Internationaler Klimastreik in Aachen - "Fridays for Future" in Aachen "Oma, was ist ein Schneemann?" |language=de |work=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|Tagesschau]] |publisher=[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] |date=2019-06-21 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |access-date=2019-06-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621174631/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Zeit_2019-06-24">{{cite web |title=Erneut Bagger in Braunkohlerevier besetzt - Im Rheinischen Revier haben sich Aktivisten an einem Bagger in 70 Metern Höhe festgemacht. Bereits am Wochenende hatte es Protestaktionen gegeben. |language=de |work=[[Zeit Online]] |date=2019-06-24 |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/klimaproteste-braunkohle-aktivisten-bagger-hambach-garzweiler |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Zeit_2019-06-24">{{cite web |title=Erneut Bagger in Braunkohlerevier besetzt - Im Rheinischen Revier haben sich Aktivisten an einem Bagger in 70 Metern Höhe festgemacht. Bereits am Wochenende hatte es Protestaktionen gegeben. |language=de |work=[[Zeit Online]] |date=2019-06-24 |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/klimaproteste-braunkohle-aktivisten-bagger-hambach-garzweiler |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name="RP-Online_2019-06-24">{{cite web |title=Klimaproteste im Tagebau Hambach: Sieben Frauen besetzen Bagger und werden festgenommen |language=de |date=2019-06-24 |work=[[RP Online]] |url=https://rp-online.de/nrw/panorama/tagebau-hambach-sieben-frauen-besetzen-bagger-und-werden-festgenommen_aid-39632959 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name="RP-Online_2019-06-24">{{cite web |title=Klimaproteste im Tagebau Hambach: Sieben Frauen besetzen Bagger und werden festgenommen |language=de |date=2019-06-24 |work=[[RP Online]] |url=https://rp-online.de/nrw/panorama/tagebau-hambach-sieben-frauen-besetzen-bagger-und-werden-festgenommen_aid-39632959 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Burger_2019">{{cite news |title=Die Garzweiler Gratwanderung |language=de |author-first=Reiner |author-last=Burger |series=Kohleproteste in NRW |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |date=2019-06-23 |location=Hochneukirch / Keyenberg, Germany |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-polizei-warnt-schueler-demonstranten-16250311-p2.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_1 |access-date=2019-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714145542/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-polizei-warnt-schueler-demonstranten-16250311-p2.html?printPagedArticle=true%23pageIndex_1#pageIndex_1 |archive-date=14 July 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name="Burger_2019">{{cite news |title=Die Garzweiler Gratwanderung |language=de |author-first=Reiner |author-last=Burger |series=Kohleproteste in NRW |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |date=2019-06-23 |location=Hochneukirch / Keyenberg, Germany |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-polizei-warnt-schueler-demonstranten-16250311-p2.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_1 |access-date=2019-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714145542/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-polizei-warnt-schueler-demonstranten-16250311-p2.html?printPagedArticle=true%23pageIndex_1#pageIndex_1 |archive-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Selle_2019">{{cite |author-first=Anett |author-last=Selle |title=Polizeigewalt bei Ende Gelände „Natürlich kommt es zu Fehlern“ Felix K. sagt, ein Polizist habe ihm bei den Protesten von Ende Gelände den Schädel gebrochen. Die Aachener Polizei erklärt, jede Anzeige werde geprüft. |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-07-10 |url=https://taz.de/Polizeigewalt-bei-Ende-Gelaende/!5606268/ |access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
<ref name="Selle_2019">{{citation |author-first=Anett |author-last=Selle |title=Polizeigewalt bei Ende Gelände "Natürlich kommt es zu Fehlern" Felix K. sagt, ein Polizist habe ihm bei den Protesten von Ende Gelände den Schädel gebrochen. Die Aachener Polizei erklärt, jede Anzeige werde geprüft. |language=de |newspaper=[[Die Tageszeitung]] (taz) |date=2019-07-10 |url=https://taz.de/Polizeigewalt-bei-Ende-Gelaende/!5606268/ |access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
<ref name="PR20190923">{{cite web |title=Pressemitteilung vom 23.09.2019 |language=de |publisher=Ende Gelände |date=2019-09-23 |url=https://www.ende-gelaende.org/press-release/pressemitteilung-vom-23-09-2019 |access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>
<ref name="PR20190923">{{cite web |title=Pressemitteilung vom 23.09.2019 |language=de |publisher=Ende Gelände |date=2019-09-23 |url=https://www.ende-gelaende.org/press-release/pressemitteilung-vom-23-09-2019 |access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>
<ref name="fff-streik3">{{cite web |title=#AlleFürsKlima |language=de |work=fridaysforfuture.de |url=https://fridaysforfuture.de/allefuersklima/ |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="fff-streik3">{{cite web |title=#AlleFürsKlima |language=de |work=fridaysforfuture.de |url=https://fridaysforfuture.de/allefuersklima/ |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="rbb-2019-11-30">{{cite web |title=Anti-Kohle-Protestwochenende bestimmt die Lausitz |language=de |date=2019-11-30 |work={{ill|rbb24|de}} |url=https://www.rbb24.de/studiocottbus/wirtschaft/2019/11/ende-gelaende-kohle-protest-klimastreik-in-lausitz.html |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="rbb-2019-11-30">{{cite web |title=Anti-Kohle-Protestwochenende bestimmt die Lausitz |language=de |date=2019-11-30 |work={{ill|rbb24|de}} |url=https://www.rbb24.de/studiocottbus/wirtschaft/2019/11/ende-gelaende-kohle-protest-klimastreik-in-lausitz.html |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="tagesschau-2019-09-20">{{cite web |title=Millionen fürs Klima |language=de |date=2019-09-20 |work=[[Tagesschau.de]] |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/klimastreiks-friday-for-future-105.html |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="tagesschau-2019-09-20">{{cite web |title=Millionen fürs Klima |language=de |date=2019-09-20 |work=[[Tagesschau.de]] |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/klimastreiks-friday-for-future-105.html |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-09-20a">{{cite web |title=Große Koalition einigt sich auf Klimaschutzpaket |language=de |date=2019-09-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-09/grosse-koalition-einigt-sich-auf-klimaschutzpaket |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-09-20b">{{cite web |title=Bewerber um SPD-Vorsitz greifen Union wegen Klimapakets an |language=de |date=2019-09-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-09/klimapolitik-beschluss-klimaschutzpaket-reaktionen-klimakabinett |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-09-20b">{{cite web |title=Bewerber um SPD-Vorsitz greifen Union wegen Klimapakets an |language=de |date=2019-09-20 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-09/klimapolitik-beschluss-klimaschutzpaket-reaktionen-klimakabinett |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-09-23">{{cite web |title=Von der "Klimakanzlerin" ist nichts zu spüren |language=de |date=2019-09-23 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-09/klimagipfel-der-vereinten-nationen-angela-merkel-rede-greta-thunberg |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-09-23">{{cite web |title=Von der "Klimakanzlerin" ist nichts zu spüren |language=de |date=2019-09-23 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-09/klimagipfel-der-vereinten-nationen-angela-merkel-rede-greta-thunberg |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-11-01">{{cite web |title=UN-Klimakonferenz findet in Madrid statt |language=de |date=2019-11-01 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/wissen/umwelt/2019-11/vereinte-nationen-klimakonferenz-madrid-spanien |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-11-29">{{cite web |title=Hunderttausende demonstrieren für das Klima |language=de |date=2019-11-29 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-11/fridays-for-future-klimaprotest-demonstrationen-klimaschutz |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-11-29">{{cite web |title=Hunderttausende demonstrieren für das Klima |language=de |date=2019-11-29 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-11/fridays-for-future-klimaprotest-demonstrationen-klimaschutz |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-11-30">{{cite web |title=Blockaden für den sofortigen Kohleausstieg |language=de |date=2019-11-30 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2019-11/ende-gelaende-lausitz-klimaproteste-demonstration |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="zeit-2019-11-30">{{cite web |title=Blockaden für den sofortigen Kohleausstieg |language=de |date=2019-11-30 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2019-11/ende-gelaende-lausitz-klimaproteste-demonstration |access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
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{{Commonscat}}
{{Commonscat}}
* [https://www.ende-gelaende.org/en Ende Gelände]
* [https://www.ende-gelaende.org/en Ende Gelände]
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{{Ende Gelände}}{{Portal bar|Germany|Global warming|Environment|Energy}}

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{{Portal bar|Germany|Global warming|Environment|Energy}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ende Gelände 2019}}
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[[Category:Climate change policy]]
[[Category:Climate change policy]]
[[Category:Coal mining]]
[[Category:Coal mining]]
[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Germany]]
[[Category:Coal in Germany]]
[[Category:Demonstrations]]
[[Category:Demonstrations]]
[[Category:Direct action]]
[[Category:Direct action]]

Latest revision as of 20:04, 8 March 2024

About a thousand Ende Gelände 2019 activists blocking the North–South industrial spur [de], thereby cutting the Neurath power station (in background) off from its supply of lignite from 21 June 2019 to 23 June 2019.

Ende Gelände 2019 was a series of large-scale events of a movement for climate justice in Germany.

As a continuation of the previous year's actions, the non-violent direct action civil disobedience events targeted the coal-fired power plants of RWE Power AG and demanded the "immediate fossil fuel phase-out" based on climate justice and climate change mitigation.[1]

Between 21 and 23 June 2019, protests centered on the Garzweiler open pit mine of the Rhenish lignite mining area [de].[2][3][4]

Protests also took place in the Lusatian lignite mining area [de] between 29 November and 1 December 2019.[5]

In the Rhenish lignite mining area

[edit]

Background

[edit]

In January 2019, the German Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment recommended in its final report that coal should be completely phased out as a power source in Germany by 2038, which was criticized by both scientists, such as Commissioner Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, and environmental organizations as inadequate to prevent global warming from reaching an irreversible tipping point.[6] In February 2019, the climate protection report 2018 was published, according to which Germany was forecast to miss the self-imposed climate protection targets for 2020.[7]

On 20 June 2019, the then-heads of state and government of the EU could not agree on CO2 neutrality by 2050, because Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic objected to it.[8]

The youth climate movement Fridays for Future Deutschland (FFFD) called for an international protest event for climate protection in Aachen on the 21 June 2019, which drew 40000 people from 17 countries.[9] It was assumed that participants in the Fridays for Future demonstration would also participate in actions of Ende Gelände.[10] In advance, the police had warned of an instrumentalization of Fridays for Future by Ende Gelände 2019, which was seen by many as a "deliberate attempt to divide the movement," but instead it led to public statements of solidarization of Fridays for Future with Ende Gelände,[11][12] stating that civil disobedience was a legitimate form of protest to save the future, but, in the demonstration on 22 June 2019 in Hochneukirch/Jüchen in the direct neighbourhood of the open-pit mine,[13] that Fridays for Future would remain on the legal side.[14][15][12]

Activities

[edit]
Activists entering the Garzweiler II open pit mine near Keyenberg [de] on 22 June 2019.
Ende Gelände 2019 activists of the "red finger" near the Skywalk at the edge of the Garzweiler open-pit lignite mine on 22 June 2019.
The "red finger" moving forward on the 22 June 2019.

On Friday, 21 June 2019 the Ende Gelände 2019 activities began with a blockade of the North-South (Nord-Süd Bahn-Kohlenbahn in German) train connection between the Garzweiler open pit mine and the Neurath power station.[16][12] On Saturday, 22 June 2019, blockades of the Hambach track and occupations of the open pit mine took place,[12] causing RWE to power down four of six power plants.

Meanwhile, a Fridays for Future (FFF) demonstration was held on 22 June 2019 on the edge of the open pit mine and near Keyenberg, a village scheduled for dredging for open pit mining in the near future.[17] According to the organizers, this event drew some 8000 people.

Die Zeit reported that the blockade of the Hambach industrial track ended on the morning of 23 June 2019. It was followed by the occupation of the Garzweiler II open pit mine at noon. The railway line to the Neurath power plant was not cleared at this time.[18] Mid-day, Ende Gelände 2019 issued a press release stating that the blockade had ended. More than 6000 activists participated in the protests.[19]

Police violence was reported in connection with the protests.[20] Police officers used batons and pepper spray injuring activists so intensely that they had to be treated in hospitals. The injuries included a basilar skull fracture.[21] The police said they would take the allegations seriously and investigate accordingly.[22][21] In addition, participants were prevented from freely leaving the train stations in Hochneukirch and Viersen, for up to 13 hours, due to what the police called "capacity issues".[19][23] The police reported eight injured police officers,[20] probably due to falls while trying to stop protesters.[24]

After Ende Gelände had already stopped its activities at the Garzweiler open-pit mine, at 5 am (CET) on Monday, 24 June 2019, another group blocked the Hambach industrial spur and seven women occupied an excavator at the Hambach open-pit lignite mine until midday.[25][26]

In the Lusatian lignite mining area

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Background

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About 1.4 million Germans joined the third global climate strike on 20 September 2019.[27][28] On the same day, the fourth Merkel cabinet proposed its climate package, which was criticized as being insufficient by scientists, environmental organizations and the opposition. Ottmar Edenhofer, director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, described it as "document of political dispiritedness" with which the set goals for 2030 could not be reached.[29] During the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit on the 23 September 2019, the most important countries also did not bring forward any measures that were ambitious enough.[30]

Activities

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Finger of the Anti-Kohle-Kidz shortly before a blockade near Koppatz [de].

On Friday, the 29 November 2019, protesters again demanded more climate protection during the fourth global climate strike. In Germany, about 630000 people participated in this event.[31] On Saturday, several thousand activists from Brandenburg and Saxony started blockades in the open pit mines South Welzow [de], Jänschwalde [de] and United Schleenhain.[32] Fridays for Future and the initiative Alle Dörfer bleiben supported the activities.[33] As planned, after several hours the activists stopped the blockades in the afternoon. According to the police, three policemen were lightly injured, otherwise the protests remained peaceful despite threats of violence from right-wing extremists in the days before the event.[34]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Aufruf 2019" (in German). Ende Gelände 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  2. ^ Gerich, Simon; Bayer, Lucas; Dumke, Holger; Wolko, Marc (2019-06-22). ""Ende Gelände" besetzt Tagebau Garzweiler - Polizisten bei Sturm verletzt - Bei den Demos im Rheinischen Revier haben Aktivisten von "Ende Gelände" den Tagebau gestürmt. Mindestens zwei Polizisten wurden wohl verletzt". Berliner Morgenpost (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  3. ^ "Ende Gelände legt Rheinisches Revier still - Tagebau Garzweiler blockiert, Hambach Bahn sowie Nord-Süd Bahn besetzt". Leipziger Internet Zeitung (in German). 2019-06-22. Archived from the original on 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  4. ^ "Kohlebahn seit 15 Stunden blockiert: 6.000 Aktivist*innen in Aktion". Leipziger Internet Zeitung (in German). 2019-06-22. Archived from the original on 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  5. ^ "Pressemitteilung vom 23.09.2019" (in German). Ende Gelände. 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  6. ^ Hagen, Kevin (2019-01-26). "So reagiert die Regierung auf den Kohlekompromiss". Spiegel Online (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  7. ^ "Deutschland verfehlt Klimaziele für 2020". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-02-06. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  8. ^ "Festlegung auf neues Klimaziel 2050 scheitert". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  9. ^ "Sie meinen es ernst". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-21. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  10. ^ Müllender, Bernd (2019-06-21). "Radikalisieren verboten!". Die Tageszeitung (taz) (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  11. ^ "Die Zeit des Belächelns ist vorbei". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  12. ^ a b c d Burger, Reiner (2019-06-23). "Die Garzweiler Gratwanderung". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ). Kohleproteste in NRW (in German). Hochneukirch / Keyenberg, Germany. Archived from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  13. ^ dpa (2019-06-22). ""Fridays For Future" sammelt sich zum Protest am Tagebau". Barknanger Kreiszeitung (in German). Jüchen. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  14. ^ Obertreis, Sarah (2019-06-21). "Der lange Zug von Aachen" [The long train of Aachen]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) (in German). Archived from the original on 2019-06-21. Retrieved 2019-06-21. „Wir erachten zivilen Ungehorsam als legitime Protestform. Er ist zwingend notwendig zum Schutz unserer Zukunft." […] „Fridays for Future wird auf der legalen Seite bleiben."
  15. ^ ""Fridays for Future": Internationaler Klimastreik in Aachen - "Fridays for Future" in Aachen "Oma, was ist ein Schneemann?"". Tagesschau (in German). ARD. 2019-06-21. Archived from the original on 2019-06-21. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  16. ^ "Hunderte Aktivisten blockieren Gleise zum Kohlekraftwerk". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  17. ^ "Tausende Menschen protestieren im Braunkohlerevier". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  18. ^ "Tagebau Garzweiler vollständig geräumt". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  19. ^ a b "Press announcement 2019-06-23 13:15" (in German). Ende Gelände 2019. 2019-06-23. Archived from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  20. ^ a b Schipkowski, Katharina (2019-06-23). "Besetzung läuft noch immer". Die Tageszeitung (taz) (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  21. ^ a b Selle, Anett (2019-07-10), "Polizeigewalt bei Ende Gelände "Natürlich kommt es zu Fehlern" Felix K. sagt, ein Polizist habe ihm bei den Protesten von Ende Gelände den Schädel gebrochen. Die Aachener Polizei erklärt, jede Anzeige werde geprüft.", Die Tageszeitung (taz) (in German), retrieved 2019-07-17
  22. ^ "Aktivisten erheben schwere Vorwürfe". Die Tageszeitung (taz) (in German). 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  23. ^ Schipkowski, Katharina (2019-06-23). "In Garzweiler verweilt". Die Tageszeitung (taz) (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  24. ^ "An der Kante" (in German). Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  25. ^ "Erneut Bagger in Braunkohlerevier besetzt - Im Rheinischen Revier haben sich Aktivisten an einem Bagger in 70 Metern Höhe festgemacht. Bereits am Wochenende hatte es Protestaktionen gegeben". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  26. ^ "Klimaproteste im Tagebau Hambach: Sieben Frauen besetzen Bagger und werden festgenommen". RP Online (in German). 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  27. ^ "#AlleFürsKlima". fridaysforfuture.de (in German). Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  28. ^ "Millionen fürs Klima". Tagesschau.de (in German). 2019-09-20. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  29. ^ "Bewerber um SPD-Vorsitz greifen Union wegen Klimapakets an". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-09-20. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  30. ^ "Von der "Klimakanzlerin" ist nichts zu spüren". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  31. ^ "Hunderttausende demonstrieren für das Klima". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-11-29. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  32. ^ "Blockaden für den sofortigen Kohleausstieg". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-11-30. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  33. ^ "Anti-Kohle-Protestwochenende bestimmt die Lausitz". rbb24 [de] (in German). 2019-11-30. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  34. ^ "An den Orten der Zerstörung". Zeit Online (in German). 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
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