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Coordinates: 9°45′N 80°01′E / 9.750°N 80.017°E / 9.750; 80.017
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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
According to Tamil scholars, Chunnakam derived from two [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words, "Chunnam+Gramam", "Chunnam" means limestone and "Gramam" means village, limestone is widely found in the nearby areas. One of the great Sri Lanka Tamil poets, Kumarasamy pulavar gave a new definition to its name in his poem beginning as முடிவில்லா துறை சுன்னாகத்தான் வழி ... , from which, scholars believe that the rising Sun from the East reflecting on the temple of Siva located on the present day station road, has the impression of seeing a shiny mountain, which is presumably the Heaven, the home of Siva made him to inspire for the poem mentioned above here, சுன்னாகம் can be divided into two parts of nouns as சுல் + நாகம் = சுன்னாகம், where சுல் means silver and நாகம் means mountain giving the compound noun the meaning as "Shiny Mountain"
According to Tamil scholars,{{According to whom|date=March 2024}} Chunnakam derived from two [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words, "Chunnam+Gramam", "Chunnam" means limestone and "Gramam" means village, limestone is widely found in the nearby areas. One of the great Sri Lankan Tamil poets, Muthukumara Kavirayar gave a new definition to its name in his poem beginning as முடிவிலாதுறை சுன்னாகத்தான் வழி ... , from which, scholars believe that the rising Sun from the East reflecting on the temple of [[Shiva]] located on the present day station road, has the impression of seeing a shiny mountain, which is presumably the Heaven, the home of Shiva made him to inspire for the poem mentioned above here, சுன்னாகம் can be divided into two parts of nouns as சுல் + நாகம் = சுன்னாகம், where சுல் means silver and நாகம் means mountain giving the compound noun the meaning as "Shiny Mountain"


It was once suggested that the name Chunnakam was the equivalent of [[Pali]] name Cunnagãma ({{lang-si|script=Latn|Hunugama}}). But later suggested that the name may be the Tamil equivalent of the Sinhala name Sulunãgama (Pali: Cullanãgagãma).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Journal of the Ceylon branch of the royal asiatic society|last=Godakumbura|author-link=Charles Godakumbura|first=C. E.|publisher=Colombo Apothecaries Company|year=1968|volume=XII|location=Colombo|pages=67|language=en}}</ref>
It was once suggested that the name Chunnakam was the equivalent of [[Pali]] name Cunnagãma ({{lang-si|script=Latn|Hunugama}}). But later suggested that the name may be the Tamil equivalent of the Sinhala name Sulunãgama (Pali: Cullanãgagãma).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Journal of the Ceylon branch of the royal asiatic society|last=Godakumbura|author-link=Charles Godakumbura|first=C. E.|publisher=Colombo Apothecaries Company|year=1968|volume=XII|location=Colombo|pages=67|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Vali-kāmam, Mallākam|url=https://tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=98&artid=22470|publisher=TamilNet |date=June 15, 2007}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Line 31: Line 31:
==Location==
==Location==


Chunnakam is about 5 miles<sup>2</sup> in area as it has Punnalaikkadduvan on its East, [[Uduvil]] on its South, Sandilipay on its West and [[Mallakam]] on its north as bordering villages. Chunnakam has population of about 60,000.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
Chunnakam is about 5 miles<sup>2</sup> in area as it has Punnalaikkadduvan on its East, [[Uduvil]] to its South, [[Sandilipay]] to its West and [[Mallakam]] to its north as bordering villages. Chunnakam has population of about 60,000.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}


==Transport==
==Transport==
Line 44: Line 44:
==Places of worship==
==Places of worship==


There are quite a few worship places within the town limits of Chunnakam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Damage caused to Hindu Kovils (Temples) in the North-East of the Island of Sri Lanka| url=http://www.tchr.net/religion_temples.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hindu Temples in Srilanka - Elam| url=https://shaivam.org/temples-of-lord-shiva/hindu-temples-in-srilanka-elam/#gsc.tab=0}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Churches damaged/destroyed by Aerial bombing and shelling in the North of Island of Sri Lanka| url=http://www.tchr.net/religion_churches.htm}}</ref>
There are quite a few worship places within the town limits of Chunnakam.


=== Hindu temples ===
=== Hindu temples ===
* Sri Kathiramalai Sivan Devasthanam (established by Tamil King UkiraRajasinkan)
* Sri Kathiramalai Sivan Devasthanam (established by Tamil King UkiraRajasinkan)
* Maylani Annamaar (Annamageswarar) Temple
* Mayilani Annamaar (Annamageswarar) Temple
* Viswanatha Swamy Temple (Mayilani Sivan Temple) <ref>{{cite news |title= கலசம் 2004.07-09 (47) பக். 10-11|url=https://noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_2004.07-09_(47)|date=August 1, 2004}}</ref>
⚫
* Maylani Sivan Temple
* Maylani Murugan Temple
* Mayilani Kanthaswamy Temple
* Mylani Vadali Amman Temple
* Mayilani Muthumary Amman (Vadali Amman) Temple
* Choolani Yana Vairavar Temple
* Soolanai Gnana Vairavar Temple
* Paruthikalati Vairavar Temple
* Soolanai Muthumary Amman Temple
* Chunnakam Iyanar Temple
* Paruthikalati Gnana Vairavar Temple
* Chunnakam Pillayar Temple
* Chunnakam Thalaiyadi Harihara Puthira Iyanar Temple
* Chunnakam Santhirasekara Pillaiyar Temple
* Varushapulam Mahamary Amman Temple<ref>{{cite news |title= சக்தி பீட நாதம்: சுன்னாகம் வருஷப்புல ஶ்ரீ மகாமாரி அம்பாள் மஹா கும்பாபிஷேக சிறப்பு மலர் 2014| url=https://noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D:_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%B6%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_2014}}</ref>
* Chunnakam East Oorisaaddy Sivapootharayar Temple (சுன்னாகம் கிழக்கு ஊரிசாட்டி சிவபூதராஜர் தேவஸ்தானம்)<ref>{{cite news |title=Cāṭṭi, Kurakkaṉ-cāṭṭi, Kampañ-cāṭṭi, Āvarañ-cāṭṭi, Kāṉṟai-cāṭṭi/ Kāṇṭai-cāṭṭi|url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=98&artid=26671|publisher=TamilNet |date=September 9, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ūri, Ūriyaṉ, Ūrik-kāṭu, Ūra-tīvu, Ūṟal, Uppūṟal|url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=98&artid=23028|publisher=TamilNet |date=August 16, 2007}}</ref>
* Chunnakam Bhuvaneswary Amman Temple (Muthukrishnar Lane)
* Chunnakam South Sivapootharayar Temple<ref>{{cite news |title= சுன்னாகம் தெற்கு ஸ்ரீ சிவபூதராயர் தேவஸ்தான பரிபாலனசபைப் பொன்விழா மலர் 2013| url=https://noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_2013}}</ref>
* Chunnakam East Gnana Vairavar Temple
* Ampanai Gnanavairavar Temple
⚫
* Ampanai Kali Temple
* Ampanai Nagakanni Temple


=== Christian churches ===
=== Christian churches ===
Line 65: Line 74:
* [[Ramanathan Academy of Fine Arts]] - [[University of Jaffna]]
* [[Ramanathan Academy of Fine Arts]] - [[University of Jaffna]]
* [[Ramanathan College]], Maruthanarmadam
* [[Ramanathan College]], Maruthanarmadam
* Mylani Saiva Vidyalayam (middle school)
* Mayilani Saiva Vidyalayam (middle school)
* Nakeswari Vidyasalai (primary school)
* Nakeswari Vidyasalai (primary school)
* Roman Catholic Mixed School (primary school)
* Roman Catholic Mixed School (primary school)

Latest revision as of 04:13, 9 March 2024

Chunnakam
சுன்னாகம்
චුන්නාකම්
Town
Chunnakam is located in Northern Province
Chunnakam
Chunnakam
Coordinates: 9°45′0″N 80°01′0″E / 9.75000°N 80.01667°E / 9.75000; 80.01667
CountrySri Lanka
ProvinceNorthern
DistrictJaffna
DS DivisionValikamam South

Chunnakam (Tamil: சுன்னாகம், romanized: Cuṉṉākam; Sinhala: චුන්නාකම්, romanized: Chunnakam) is a town, located 9.7 km (6.0 mi) north of Jaffna. It is one of the important commercial centres in Jaffna. The original name of the town was Mayilani.[1] In northern Sri Lanka, Chunnakam is only second to Jaffna in terms of population density and commercial activities in and around its neighbourhoods.

Etymology

[edit]

According to Tamil scholars,[according to whom?] Chunnakam derived from two Tamil words, "Chunnam+Gramam", "Chunnam" means limestone and "Gramam" means village, limestone is widely found in the nearby areas. One of the great Sri Lankan Tamil poets, Muthukumara Kavirayar gave a new definition to its name in his poem beginning as முடிவிலாதுறை சுன்னாகத்தான் வழி ... , from which, scholars believe that the rising Sun from the East reflecting on the temple of Shiva located on the present day station road, has the impression of seeing a shiny mountain, which is presumably the Heaven, the home of Shiva made him to inspire for the poem mentioned above here, சுன்னாகம் can be divided into two parts of nouns as சுல் + நாகம் = சுன்னாகம், where சுல் means silver and நாகம் means mountain giving the compound noun the meaning as "Shiny Mountain"

It was once suggested that the name Chunnakam was the equivalent of Pali name Cunnagãma (Sinhala: Hunugama). But later suggested that the name may be the Tamil equivalent of the Sinhala name Sulunãgama (Pali: Cullanãgagãma).[2][3]

History

[edit]
See also: History of Northern Province, Sri Lanka

Historically in the recent centuries Chunnakam has been an area dominated mostly by Sri Lankan Tamils and up until the 1980s there was a small Sinhalese population from the south along with Indian Tamils, Moors, and other South Indian Non-Tamils such as Malayalis lived in Chunnakam area. This ethnic diversity among its residents gave Chunnakam a characteristic of a major city.

Location

[edit]

Chunnakam is about 5 miles2 in area as it has Punnalaikkadduvan on its East, Uduvil to its South, Sandilipay to its West and Mallakam to its north as bordering villages. Chunnakam has population of about 60,000.[citation needed]

Transport

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Currently Chunnakam is governed by Valikamam South Divisional Council.
Unlike other places in Northern Sri Lanka, people of Chunnakam also adapted to diversive political beliefs. During the days of Town Council era, residents always preferred candidates from LSSP to Federal party or Tamil congress and in the 1982 presidential election, the then JVP leader Rohana Wijeweera collected majority votes within Manipay constituency from the two poll booths in Chunnakam only.

There was even a popular rumor about Mr. Wijeweera being kept in a secret place in Chunnakam when he was wanted by the Sri Lankan government following the infamous uprising by his men in the late 80's. However, that turned out to be untrue as he was captured in a place in the central province.

Places of worship

[edit]

There are quite a few worship places within the town limits of Chunnakam.[4][5][6]

Hindu temples

[edit]
  • Sri Kathiramalai Sivan Devasthanam (established by Tamil King UkiraRajasinkan)
  • Mayilani Annamaar (Annamageswarar) Temple
  • Viswanatha Swamy Temple (Mayilani Sivan Temple) [7]
  • Mayilani Kanthaswamy Temple
  • Mayilani Muthumary Amman (Vadali Amman) Temple
  • Soolanai Gnana Vairavar Temple
  • Soolanai Muthumary Amman Temple
  • Paruthikalati Gnana Vairavar Temple
  • Chunnakam Thalaiyadi Harihara Puthira Iyanar Temple
  • Chunnakam Santhirasekara Pillaiyar Temple
  • Varushapulam Mahamary Amman Temple[8]
  • Chunnakam East Oorisaaddy Sivapootharayar Temple (சுன்னாகம் கிழக்கு ஊரிசாட்டி சிவபூதராஜர் தேவஸ்தானம்)[9][10]
  • Chunnakam Bhuvaneswary Amman Temple (Muthukrishnar Lane)
  • Chunnakam South Sivapootharayar Temple[11]
  • Chunnakam East Gnana Vairavar Temple
  • Ampanai Gnanavairavar Temple
  • Ampanai Kali Temple
  • Ampanai Nagakanni Temple

Christian churches

[edit]
  • St. Antony's Parish Catholic Church (Chunnakam)
  • St. Mary's Catholic Church (Erlalai)
  • St. Mary's Catholic Church (Uduvil)

Colleges and schools

[edit]

Notable persons

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Yaalpaana Charithram by A.Mutthuthambipillai, p.123,Tamil Mann Publication
  2. ^ Godakumbura, C. E. (1968). Journal of the Ceylon branch of the royal asiatic society. Vol. XII. Colombo: Colombo Apothecaries Company. p. 67.
  3. ^ "Vali-kāmam, Mallākam". TamilNet. 15 June 2007.
  4. ^ "Damage caused to Hindu Kovils (Temples) in the North-East of the Island of Sri Lanka".
  5. ^ "Hindu Temples in Srilanka - Elam".
  6. ^ "Churches damaged/destroyed by Aerial bombing and shelling in the North of Island of Sri Lanka".
  7. ^ "கலசம் 2004.07-09 (47) பக். 10-11". 1 August 2004.
  8. ^ "சக்தி பீட நாதம்: சுன்னாகம் வருஷப்புல ஶ்ரீ மகாமாரி அம்பாள் மஹா கும்பாபிஷேக சிறப்பு மலர் 2014".
  9. ^ "Cāṭṭi, Kurakkaṉ-cāṭṭi, Kampañ-cāṭṭi, Āvarañ-cāṭṭi, Kāṉṟai-cāṭṭi/ Kāṇṭai-cāṭṭi". TamilNet. 9 September 2008.
  10. ^ "Ūri, Ūriyaṉ, Ūrik-kāṭu, Ūra-tīvu, Ūṟal, Uppūṟal". TamilNet. 16 August 2007.
  11. ^ "சுன்னாகம் தெற்கு ஸ்ரீ சிவபூதராயர் தேவஸ்தான பரிபாலனசபைப் பொன்விழா மலர் 2013".

9°45′N 80°01′E / 9.750°N 80.017°E / 9.750; 80.017

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