List of Imerina monarchs: Difference between revisions

Monarchy of Madagascar
Monarchy of Madagascar
	Coat of Arms (1896–97)
	Last to reign; Ranavalona III; 30 July 1883 – 28 February 1897
Details
First monarch	Radama I
Last monarch	Ranavalona III
Formation	6 July 1810
Abolition	28 February 1897
Residence	Ambohimanga (spiritual); Rova of Antananarivo (political)

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This article lists the Imerina monarchs, from the earliest origins of the Merina monarchy until the French conquest of the Merina Kingdom during the Second Madagascar expedition.

Early monarchs in the Merina line

Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children. As such, the list below represents a direct genealogical line from the last 19th-century queen of Madagascar to some of the earliest known rulers identified in the 15th century or before. Prior to the 16th century, detailed information about the names and dates of Merina rulers becomes less consistent. Genealogy in this early period are derived primarily from oral history, while later names and dates are verifiable from primary sources. These combined sources provide the following list of Merina rulers preceding Andrianampoinimerina's unification of Imerina in the Central Highlands and his son Radama I's successful conquest of the majority of Madagascar, bringing the island under his rule.

Asterisks denote names drawn from oral history without substantive evidence to verify the ruler's life or reign, viz., legendary or semi-legendary monarchs.

Andrianerinerina* (c. 1300–1320)^[1] (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina)
Andriananjavonana*
Andrianamponga I*
Andrianamboniravina*
Andriandranolava (Andranolava)*
Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)*
Andriamasindohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)*
Rafandrampohy*
Andriampandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)*
Queen Rangita (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530)
Queen Rafohy (1530–1540)
King Andriamanelo (1540–1575)
King Ralambo (1575–1612)
King Andrianjaka (1612–1630)
King Andriantsitakatrandriana (1630–1650)
King Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe (1650–1670)
King Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana (1670–1675)
King Andriamasinavalona (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710)
King Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730)
King Andriambelomasina (1730–1770)
King Andrianjafynandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787)
King Andrianampoinimerina (1787–1810)

Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family
Radama I the Great	1793 – 27 July 1828 (aged 35)	6 July 1810	27 July 1828	Son of Andrianampoinimerina	Merina
Ranavalona I	1778 – 16 August 1861 (aged 83)	1 August 1828	16 August 1861	Wife of Radama I	Merina
Radama II	(1829-09-23)23 September 1829 – 12 May 1863(1863-05-12) (aged 33)	16 August 1861	12 May 1863 (murdered)	Son of Ranavalona I	Merina
Rasoherina	1814 – 1 April 1868 (aged 54)	12 May 1863	1 April 1868	Wife of Radama II	Merina
Ranavalona II	1829 – 13 July 1883 (aged 54)	1 April 1868	13 July 1883	Wife of Radama II	Merina
Ranavalona III	(1861-11-22)22 November 1861 – 23 May 1917(1917-05-23) (aged 55)	30 July 1883	28 February 1897 (deposed)	Niece of Ranavalona II Granddaughter of Radama I	Merina

Timeline

Monarchs family tree

Andrianampoinimerina
1745–c. 1787–1810

Radama I
King of Madagascar
1793–1810–1828

Ranavalona I
Queen of Madagascar
1778–1828–1861

Andriamihaja

Rainiharo
d. 1852

Rainijohary

Radama II
King of Madagascar
1829–1861–1863

Ranavalona II
Queen of Madagascar
1829–1868–1883

Rainilaiarivony
Prime Minister of Madagascar
1828–1864–
1895–1896

Ranavalona III
Queen of Madagascar
1861–1883–
1897–1917

Raharo
Prime Minister of Madagascar
1824–1852–
1865–1868

Rasoherina
Queen of Madagascar
1814–1863–1868

After the fall

After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar, remained. She died childless in 1948.^[2]

References

^ Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (Third ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 148. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
^ Barrier, Marie-France (1996). Ranavalona, dernière reine de Madagascar (in French). Paris: Balland. p. 358. ISBN 978-2-7158-1094-5.

Sources

[Stewart-1] Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (Third ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 148. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.

[2] Barrier, Marie-France (1996). Ranavalona, dernière reine de Madagascar (in French). Paris: Balland. p. 358. ISBN 978-2-7158-1094-5.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}}
+{{EngvarB|date=October 2023}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
 {{Infobox former monarchy
 |royal_title       = Monarchy
 |border            =
 |realm             = [[Merina Kingdom|Madagascar]]
-|coatofarms        = RegnoMadagascar.jpg
+|coatofarms        = Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg
 |coatofarmscaption = Coat of Arms {{small|(1896–97)}}
 |image             = Ranavalona.jpg
-|caption           = Ranavaona III
+|caption           = '''Last to reign'''<br>'''[[Ranavalona III]]'''<br>30 July 1883 – 28 February 1897
 |first_monarch     = [[Radama I]]
 |last_monarch      = [[Ranavalona III]]
@@ Line 16: / Line 19: @@
 }}
+This article lists the '''Imerina monarchs''', from the earliest origins of the [[Merina people|Merina]] monarchy until the [[French Third Republic|French]] conquest of the [[Merina Kingdom]] during the [[Second Madagascar expedition]].
-Below is a '''list of Imerina monarchs'''.
 ==Early monarchs in the Merina line==
-Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the [[Central Highlands (Madagascar)|Central Highlands]] of [[Madagascar]] and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children.  As such, the list below represents a direct genealogical line from the last 19th-century queen of Madagascar to some of the earliest known rulers identified in the 15th century or before.  Prior to the 16th century, detailed information about the names and dates of Merina rulers becomes less consistent.  Genealogy in this early period are derived primarily from oral history, while later names and dates are verifiable from primary sources.  These combined sources provide the following list of Merina rulers preceding Andrianampoinimerina's unification of Imerina in the Central Highlands and his son [[Radama I]]'s successful conquest of the majority of Madagascar, bringing the island under his rule.
+Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the [[Central Highlands (Madagascar)|Central Highlands]] of [[Madagascar]] and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children. As such, the list below represents a direct genealogical line from the last 19th-century queen of Madagascar to some of the earliest known rulers identified in the 15th century or before. Prior to the 16th century, detailed information about the names and dates of Merina rulers becomes less consistent.  Genealogy in this early period are derived primarily from oral history, while later names and dates are verifiable from primary sources.  These combined sources provide the following list of Merina rulers preceding Andrianampoinimerina's unification of Imerina in the Central Highlands and his son [[Radama I]]'s successful conquest of the majority of Madagascar, bringing the island under his rule.
 Asterisks denote names drawn from oral history without substantive evidence to verify the ruler's life or reign, viz., legendary or semi-legendary monarchs.
-*[[Andrianerinerina]]* (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina)
+* [[Andrianerinerina]]* ({{Circa|1300–1320}})<ref name="Stewart">{{cite book |last1=Stewart |first1=John |title=African States and Rulers |date=2006 |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |location=Jefferson |isbn=0-7864-2562-8 |page=148 |edition=Third}}</ref> (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina)
-*Andriananjavonana*
+* Andriananjavonana*
-*Andrianamponga I*
+* Andrianamponga I*
-*Andrianamboniravina*
+* Andrianamboniravina*
-*Andriandranolava (Andranolava)*
+* Andriandranolava (Andranolava)*
-*Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)*
+* Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)*
-*Andrianmasinidohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)*
+* Andriamasindohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)*
-*Rafandrampohy*
+* Rafandrampohy*
-*Andrianmpandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)*
+* Andriampandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)*
-*Queen [[Rangita]] (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530)
+* Queen [[Rangita]] (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530)
-*Queen [[Rafohy]] (1530–1540)
+* Queen [[Rafohy]] (1530–1540)
-*King [[Andriamanelo]] (1540–1575)
+* King [[Andriamanelo]] (1540–1575)
-*King [[Ralambo]] (1575–1612)
+* King [[Ralambo]] (1575–1612)
-*King [[Andrianjaka]] (1612–1630)
+* King [[Andrianjaka]] (1612–1630)
-*King [[Andriantsitakatrandriana]] (1630–1650)
+* King [[Andriantsitakatrandriana]] (1630–1650)
-*King [[Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe]] (1650–1670)
+* King [[Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe]] (1650–1670)
-*King [[Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana]] (1670–1675)
+* King [[Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana]] (1670–1675)
-*King [[Andriamasinavalona]] (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710)
+* King [[Andriamasinavalona]] (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710)
-*King [[Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka]] (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730)
+* King [[Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka]] (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730)
-*King [[Andriambelomasina]] (1730–1770)
+* King [[Andriambelomasina]] (1730–1770)
-*King [[Andrianjafy]]nandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787)
+* King [[Andrianjafy]]nandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787)
-*King [[Andrianampoinimerina]] (1787–1810)
+* King [[Andrianampoinimerina]] (1787–1810)
 ==Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)==
@@ Line 56: / Line 59: @@
 | notes1       = Son of Andrianampoinimerina
 | family1      = [[Merina people|Merina]]
-| image1       = Radama I, portrait by Ramanankirahina.gif
+| image1       = Radama I, portrait by Ramanankirahina.jpg
 | alt1         = Radama I of Madagascar
 | name2        = '''[[Ranavalona I]]'''
@@ Line 73: / Line 76: @@
 | life3        = {{Birth date|1829|9|23|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1863|5|12|1829|9|23|df=y}}
 | reignstart3  = 16 August 1861
-| reignend3    = 12 May 1863<br><small>(''murdered'')<small>
+| reignend3    = 12 May 1863<br>{{small|(''murdered'')}}
 | notes3       = Son of Ranavalona I
 | family3      = [[Merina people|Merina]]
@@ Line 91: / Line 94: @@
 | nickname5    =
 | native5      =
-| life5        = 1829 – 30 July 1883<br>(aged 54)
+| life5        = 1829 – 13 July 1883<br>(aged 54)
 | reignstart5  = 1 April 1868
-| reignend5    = 30 July 1883
+| reignend5    = 13 July 1883
 | notes5       = Wife of Radama II
 | family5      = [[Merina people|Merina]]
@@ Line 103: / Line 106: @@
 | life6        = {{Birth date|1861|11|22|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1917|5|23|1861|11|22|df=y}}
 | reignstart6  = 30 July 1883
-| reignend6    = 28 February 1897<br><small>(''deposed'')<small>
+| reignend6    = 28 February 1897<br>{{small|(''deposed'')}}
-| notes6       = Niece of Ranavalona II
+| notes6       = Niece of Ranavalona II<br>Granddaughter of Radama I
 | family6      = [[Merina people|Merina]]
 | image6       = Ranavalona.jpg
 | alt6         = Ranavalona III of Madagascar
 }}
+===Timeline===
+<timeline>
+ImageSize = width:1200 height:auto barincrement:35
+PlotArea  = top:20 bottom:30 right:280 left:60
+AlignBars = justify
+DateFormat = yyyy
+Period     = from:1810 till:1897
+TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
+ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1810
+ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1810
+Colors     =
+  id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1)
+  id:m      value:blue
+  id:r      value:green
+  id:eon  value:blue
+Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas
+BarData =
+  barset:Rulers
+  bar:eon
+PlotData=
+  align:center textcolor:black fontsize:40 mark:(line,black) width:45 shift:(0,-5)
+  bar:eon color:eon
+  width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
+  barset:Rulers
+  from: 1810 till: 1828 color:m text:"[[Radama I]]"
+  from: 1828 till: 1861 color:m text:"[[Ranavalona I]]"
+  from: 1861 till: 1863 color:m text:"[[Radama II]]"
+  from: 1863 till: 1868 color:m text:"[[Rasoherina]]"
+  from: 1868 till: 1883 color:m text:"[[Ranavalona II]]"
+  from: 1883 till: 1897 color:m text:"[[Ranavalona III]]"
+</timeline>
+{{Clear}}
 ==Monarchs family tree==
 {{chart/start |summary= Madagascar family tree}}
-{{chart| And | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | |And=[[Andrianampoinimerina]]<br /><small>1745–'''ca.1787–1810'''</small>}}
+{{chart| And | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | |And=[[Andrianampoinimerina]]<br />{{small|1745–'''{{circa}} 1787–1810'''}}}}
 {{chart| |!| | |:| |F|~|~|~|~|7| | | | |:| | | }}
-{{chart| Rd1 |y| Rn1 |M| Ada |L|y| Ra1 |L| Raj |Rd1=[[Radama I]]<br /><small>King of Madagascar<br /> 1793–'''1810–1828'''</small>|Rn1=[[Ranavalona I]]<br /><small>Queen of Madagascar<br />1778–'''1828–1861'''</small>|Ada=Andriamihaja|Ra1=[[Rainiharo]]<br /><small>d.1852</small>|Raj=Rainijohary}}
+{{chart| Rd1 |y| Rn1 |M| Ada |L|~| Ra1 |L| Raj |Rd1=[[Radama I]]<br />{{small|King of Madagascar<br />1793–'''1810–1828'''}}|Rn1=[[Ranavalona I]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br />1778–'''1828–1861'''}}|Ada=[[Andriamihaja]]|Ra1=[[Rainiharo]]<br />{{small|d. 1852}}|Raj=Rainijohary}}
-{{chart|,|-|-|'| | | |Q| | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
+{{chart|,|-|-|'| | | |Q| | | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
-{{chart|!| |S|P|P|P|P|Z| |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | }}
+{{chart|!| |S|P|P|P|P|Z| |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|.| | }}
-{{chart| Rd2 |~| Rao |~| Rai |~| Rn3 |F| Ra3 | |Rd2=[[Radama II]]<br /><small>King of Madagascar<br />1829–'''1861–1863'''</small>|Rao=[[Rasoherina]]<br /><small>Queen of Madagascar<br />1814–'''1863–1868'''</small>|Rai=[[Rainilaiarivony]]<br /><small>Prime Minister of Madagascar<br />1828–'''1864–<br />1895'''-1896</small>|Rn3=[[Ranavalona III]]<br /><small>Queen of Madagascar<br /> 1861–'''1883–<br />1897'''-1917</small>|Ra3=[[Rainivoninahitriniony|Raharo]]<br /><small>Prime Minister of [[Kingdom of Madagascar|Madagascar]]<br />1824–'''1852-<br />1865'''-1868</small>}}
+{{chart| Rd2 |~| Rn2 |~| Rai |~| Rn3 |F| Ra3 | |Rd2=[[Radama II]]<br />{{small|King of Madagascar<br />1829–'''1861–1863'''}}|Rn2=[[Ranavalona II]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br />1829–'''1868–1883'''}}|Rai=[[Rainilaiarivony]]<br />{{small|Prime Minister of Madagascar<br />1828–'''1864–<br />1895'''–1896}}|Rn3=[[Ranavalona III]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br /> 1861–'''1883–<br />1897'''–1917}}|Ra3=[[Rainivoninahitriniony|Raharo]]<br />{{small|Prime Minister of [[Kingdom of Madagascar|Madagascar]]<br />1824–'''1852–<br />1865'''–1868}}}}
 {{chart| |:| | | | | | | |:| | | | | |:| | | | }}
-{{chart| |L|~|~| Rn2 |~|~|J| | | | | |:| | | | |Rn2=[[Ranavalona II]]<br /><small>Queen of Madagascar<br />1829–'''1868-1883'''</small>}}
+{{chart| |L|~|~| Rao |~|~|J| | | | | |:| | | | |Rao=[[Rasoherina]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br />1814–'''1863–1868'''}}}}
 {{chart| | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | }}
 {{chart/end}}
@@ Line 125: / Line 169: @@
 ==After the fall==
 [[File:Portrait of princess Marie-Louise, niece of the Queen Ranavalona III.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Niece and heir apparent of the Queen Ranavalona III, Marie-Louise, in 1900]]
-After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, ''Marie-Louise'', remained. She died childless in 1948.<ref>
+After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, [[Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar]], remained. She died childless in 1948.<ref>
 {{cite book
   | last = Barrier
@@ Line 135: / Line 179: @@
   | location = Paris
   | isbn = 978-2-7158-1094-5
-  | ref = harv
   | page = 358
 }}
@@ Line 141: / Line 184: @@
 ==See also==
-*[[Central Highlands (Madagascar)]]
+* [[List of colonial governors of Madagascar]]
+* [[List of presidents of Madagascar]]
-*[[Merina people]]
+* [[Prime Minister of Madagascar]]
-*[[Merina Kingdom]]
-*[[List of colonial governors of Madagascar]]
-*[[List of Presidents of Madagascar]]
-*[[Prime Minister of Madagascar]]
 == References ==
@@ Line 152: / Line 192: @@
 === Sources ===
-*{{cite web |url=http://www.royalark.net/Madagascar/madagascar1.htm |title=The Merina (or Hova) Dynasty (Page 1)|author=Christopher Buyers |accessdate=2010-07-08}}
-*{{cite web |url=http://www.royalark.net/Madagascar/madagascar2.htm |title=The Merina (or Hova) Dynasty (Page 2)|author=Christopher Buyers |accessdate=2010-07-08}}
+{{Imerina monarchs}}
 {{Madagascar topics}}
+{{Heads of state and government of Africa}}
-{{Merina monarchy}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Imerina monarchs, List of}}
-[[Category:Madagascar-related lists]]
+[[Category:Lists of rulers in Africa]]
+[[Category:Madagascar history-related lists]]
 [[Category:Lists of monarchs]]
 [[Category:Malagasy monarchs|*]]
-[[Category:History of Madagascar]]
+[[Category:Monarchs in Africa]]
-[[Category:African monarchs]]
 [[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]]
 [[Category:Former countries in Africa]]