List of Imerina monarchs: Difference between revisions
m add/change/refine category; MOS fixes; all included cat using AWB |
m clean up, CW Error #52 and/or applying general fixes |
||
(47 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|none}} |
|||
{{EngvarB|date=October 2023}} |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} |
|||
{{Infobox former monarchy |
{{Infobox former monarchy |
||
|royal_title = Monarchy |
|royal_title = Monarchy |
||
|border = |
|border = |
||
|realm = [[Merina Kingdom|Madagascar]] |
|realm = [[Merina Kingdom|Madagascar]] |
||
|coatofarms = |
|coatofarms = Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg |
||
|coatofarmscaption = Coat of Arms {{small|(1896–97)}} |
|coatofarmscaption = Coat of Arms {{small|(1896–97)}} |
||
|image = Ranavalona.jpg |
|image = Ranavalona.jpg |
||
|caption = |
|caption = '''Last to reign'''<br>'''[[Ranavalona III]]'''<br>30 July 1883 – 28 February 1897 |
||
|first_monarch = [[Radama I]] |
|first_monarch = [[Radama I]] |
||
|last_monarch = [[Ranavalona III]] |
|last_monarch = [[Ranavalona III]] |
||
Line 16: | Line 19: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
This article lists the '''Imerina monarchs''', from the earliest origins of the [[Merina people|Merina]] monarchy until the [[French Third Republic|French]] conquest of the [[Merina Kingdom]] during the [[Second Madagascar expedition]]. |
|||
Below is a '''list of Imerina monarchs'''. |
|||
==Early monarchs in the Merina line== |
==Early monarchs in the Merina line== |
||
Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the [[Central Highlands (Madagascar)|Central Highlands]] of [[Madagascar]] and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children. |
Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the [[Central Highlands (Madagascar)|Central Highlands]] of [[Madagascar]] and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children. As such, the list below represents a direct genealogical line from the last 19th-century queen of Madagascar to some of the earliest known rulers identified in the 15th century or before. Prior to the 16th century, detailed information about the names and dates of Merina rulers becomes less consistent. Genealogy in this early period are derived primarily from oral history, while later names and dates are verifiable from primary sources. These combined sources provide the following list of Merina rulers preceding Andrianampoinimerina's unification of Imerina in the Central Highlands and his son [[Radama I]]'s successful conquest of the majority of Madagascar, bringing the island under his rule. |
||
Asterisks denote names drawn from oral history without substantive evidence to verify the ruler's life or reign, viz., legendary or semi-legendary monarchs. |
Asterisks denote names drawn from oral history without substantive evidence to verify the ruler's life or reign, viz., legendary or semi-legendary monarchs. |
||
*[[Andrianerinerina]]* (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina) |
* [[Andrianerinerina]]* ({{Circa|1300–1320}})<ref name="Stewart">{{cite book |last1=Stewart |first1=John |title=African States and Rulers |date=2006 |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |location=Jefferson |isbn=0-7864-2562-8 |page=148 |edition=Third}}</ref> (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina) |
||
*Andriananjavonana* |
* Andriananjavonana* |
||
*Andrianamponga I* |
* Andrianamponga I* |
||
*Andrianamboniravina* |
* Andrianamboniravina* |
||
*Andriandranolava (Andranolava)* |
* Andriandranolava (Andranolava)* |
||
*Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)* |
* Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)* |
||
* |
* Andriamasindohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)* |
||
*Rafandrampohy* |
* Rafandrampohy* |
||
* |
* Andriampandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)* |
||
*Queen [[Rangita]] (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530) |
* Queen [[Rangita]] (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530) |
||
*Queen [[Rafohy]] (1530–1540) |
* Queen [[Rafohy]] (1530–1540) |
||
*King [[Andriamanelo]] (1540–1575) |
* King [[Andriamanelo]] (1540–1575) |
||
*King [[Ralambo]] (1575–1612) |
* King [[Ralambo]] (1575–1612) |
||
*King [[Andrianjaka]] (1612–1630) |
* King [[Andrianjaka]] (1612–1630) |
||
*King [[Andriantsitakatrandriana]] (1630–1650) |
* King [[Andriantsitakatrandriana]] (1630–1650) |
||
*King [[Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe]] (1650–1670) |
* King [[Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe]] (1650–1670) |
||
*King [[Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana]] (1670–1675) |
* King [[Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana]] (1670–1675) |
||
*King [[Andriamasinavalona]] (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710) |
* King [[Andriamasinavalona]] (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710) |
||
*King [[Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka]] (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730) |
* King [[Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka]] (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730) |
||
*King [[Andriambelomasina]] (1730–1770) |
* King [[Andriambelomasina]] (1730–1770) |
||
*King [[Andrianjafy]]nandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787) |
* King [[Andrianjafy]]nandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787) |
||
*King [[Andrianampoinimerina]] (1787–1810) |
* King [[Andrianampoinimerina]] (1787–1810) |
||
==Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)== |
==Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)== |
||
Line 56: | Line 59: | ||
| notes1 = Son of Andrianampoinimerina |
| notes1 = Son of Andrianampoinimerina |
||
| family1 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
| family1 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
||
| image1 = Radama I, portrait by Ramanankirahina. |
| image1 = Radama I, portrait by Ramanankirahina.jpg |
||
| alt1 = Radama I of Madagascar |
| alt1 = Radama I of Madagascar |
||
| name2 = '''[[Ranavalona I]]''' |
| name2 = '''[[Ranavalona I]]''' |
||
Line 73: | Line 76: | ||
| life3 = {{Birth date|1829|9|23|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1863|5|12|1829|9|23|df=y}} |
| life3 = {{Birth date|1829|9|23|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1863|5|12|1829|9|23|df=y}} |
||
| reignstart3 = 16 August 1861 |
| reignstart3 = 16 August 1861 |
||
| reignend3 = 12 May 1863<br> |
| reignend3 = 12 May 1863<br>{{small|(''murdered'')}} |
||
| notes3 = Son of Ranavalona I |
| notes3 = Son of Ranavalona I |
||
| family3 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
| family3 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
||
Line 91: | Line 94: | ||
| nickname5 = |
| nickname5 = |
||
| native5 = |
| native5 = |
||
| life5 = 1829 – |
| life5 = 1829 – 13 July 1883<br>(aged 54) |
||
| reignstart5 = 1 April 1868 |
| reignstart5 = 1 April 1868 |
||
| reignend5 = |
| reignend5 = 13 July 1883 |
||
| notes5 = Wife of Radama II |
| notes5 = Wife of Radama II |
||
| family5 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
| family5 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
||
Line 103: | Line 106: | ||
| life6 = {{Birth date|1861|11|22|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1917|5|23|1861|11|22|df=y}} |
| life6 = {{Birth date|1861|11|22|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1917|5|23|1861|11|22|df=y}} |
||
| reignstart6 = 30 July 1883 |
| reignstart6 = 30 July 1883 |
||
| reignend6 = 28 February 1897<br> |
| reignend6 = 28 February 1897<br>{{small|(''deposed'')}} |
||
| notes6 = Niece of Ranavalona II |
| notes6 = Niece of Ranavalona II<br>Granddaughter of Radama I |
||
| family6 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
| family6 = [[Merina people|Merina]] |
||
| image6 = Ranavalona.jpg |
| image6 = Ranavalona.jpg |
||
| alt6 = Ranavalona III of Madagascar |
| alt6 = Ranavalona III of Madagascar |
||
}} |
}} |
||
===Timeline=== |
|||
<timeline> |
|||
ImageSize = width:1200 height:auto barincrement:35 |
|||
PlotArea = top:20 bottom:30 right:280 left:60 |
|||
AlignBars = justify |
|||
DateFormat = yyyy |
|||
Period = from:1810 till:1897 |
|||
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal |
|||
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1810 |
|||
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1810 |
|||
Colors = |
|||
id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1) |
|||
id:m value:blue |
|||
id:r value:green |
|||
id:eon value:blue |
|||
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas |
|||
BarData = |
|||
barset:Rulers |
|||
bar:eon |
|||
PlotData= |
|||
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:40 mark:(line,black) width:45 shift:(0,-5) |
|||
bar:eon color:eon |
|||
width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till |
|||
barset:Rulers |
|||
from: 1810 till: 1828 color:m text:"[[Radama I]]" |
|||
from: 1828 till: 1861 color:m text:"[[Ranavalona I]]" |
|||
from: 1861 till: 1863 color:m text:"[[Radama II]]" |
|||
from: 1863 till: 1868 color:m text:"[[Rasoherina]]" |
|||
from: 1868 till: 1883 color:m text:"[[Ranavalona II]]" |
|||
from: 1883 till: 1897 color:m text:"[[Ranavalona III]]" |
|||
</timeline> |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
==Monarchs family tree== |
==Monarchs family tree== |
||
{{chart/start |summary= Madagascar family tree}} |
{{chart/start |summary= Madagascar family tree}} |
||
{{chart| And | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | |And=[[Andrianampoinimerina]]<br /> |
{{chart| And | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | |And=[[Andrianampoinimerina]]<br />{{small|1745–'''{{circa}} 1787–1810'''}}}} |
||
{{chart| |!| | |:| |F|~|~|~|~|7| | | | |:| | | }} |
{{chart| |!| | |:| |F|~|~|~|~|7| | | | |:| | | }} |
||
{{chart| Rd1 |y| Rn1 |M| Ada |L| |
{{chart| Rd1 |y| Rn1 |M| Ada |L|~| Ra1 |L| Raj |Rd1=[[Radama I]]<br />{{small|King of Madagascar<br />1793–'''1810–1828'''}}|Rn1=[[Ranavalona I]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br />1778–'''1828–1861'''}}|Ada=[[Andriamihaja]]|Ra1=[[Rainiharo]]<br />{{small|d. 1852}}|Raj=Rainijohary}} |
||
{{chart|,|-|-|'| | | |Q| | | | | |
{{chart|,|-|-|'| | | |Q| | | | | | |!| | | | | | }} |
||
{{chart|!| |S|P|P|P|P|Z| |,|-|- |
{{chart|!| |S|P|P|P|P|Z| |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|.| | }} |
||
{{chart| Rd2 |~| |
{{chart| Rd2 |~| Rn2 |~| Rai |~| Rn3 |F| Ra3 | |Rd2=[[Radama II]]<br />{{small|King of Madagascar<br />1829–'''1861–1863'''}}|Rn2=[[Ranavalona II]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br />1829–'''1868–1883'''}}|Rai=[[Rainilaiarivony]]<br />{{small|Prime Minister of Madagascar<br />1828–'''1864–<br />1895'''–1896}}|Rn3=[[Ranavalona III]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br /> 1861–'''1883–<br />1897'''–1917}}|Ra3=[[Rainivoninahitriniony|Raharo]]<br />{{small|Prime Minister of [[Kingdom of Madagascar|Madagascar]]<br />1824–'''1852–<br />1865'''–1868}}}} |
||
{{chart| |:| | | | | | | |:| | | | | |:| | | | }} |
{{chart| |:| | | | | | | |:| | | | | |:| | | | }} |
||
{{chart| |L|~|~| |
{{chart| |L|~|~| Rao |~|~|J| | | | | |:| | | | |Rao=[[Rasoherina]]<br />{{small|Queen of Madagascar<br />1814–'''1863–1868'''}}}} |
||
{{chart| | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | }} |
{{chart| | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | }} |
||
{{chart/end}} |
{{chart/end}} |
||
Line 125: | Line 169: | ||
==After the fall== |
==After the fall== |
||
[[File:Portrait of princess Marie-Louise, niece of the Queen Ranavalona III.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Niece and heir apparent of the Queen Ranavalona III, Marie-Louise, in 1900]] |
[[File:Portrait of princess Marie-Louise, niece of the Queen Ranavalona III.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Niece and heir apparent of the Queen Ranavalona III, Marie-Louise, in 1900]] |
||
After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, |
After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, [[Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar]], remained. She died childless in 1948.<ref> |
||
{{cite book |
{{cite book |
||
| last = Barrier |
| last = Barrier |
||
Line 135: | Line 179: | ||
| location = Paris |
| location = Paris |
||
| isbn = 978-2-7158-1094-5 |
| isbn = 978-2-7158-1094-5 |
||
| ref = harv |
|||
| page = 358 |
| page = 358 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 141: | Line 184: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[ |
* [[List of colonial governors of Madagascar]] |
||
⚫ | |||
*[[Merina people]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
*[[Merina Kingdom]] |
|||
*[[List of colonial governors of Madagascar]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
== References == |
== References == |
||
Line 152: | Line 192: | ||
=== Sources === |
=== Sources === |
||
*{{cite web |url=http://www.royalark.net/Madagascar/madagascar1.htm |title=The Merina (or Hova) Dynasty (Page 1)|author=Christopher Buyers |accessdate=2010-07-08}} |
|||
*{{cite web |url=http://www.royalark.net/Madagascar/madagascar2.htm |title=The Merina (or Hova) Dynasty (Page 2)|author=Christopher Buyers |accessdate=2010-07-08}} |
|||
{{Imerina monarchs}} |
|||
{{Madagascar topics}} |
{{Madagascar topics}} |
||
{{Heads of state and government of Africa}} |
|||
{{Merina monarchy}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Imerina monarchs, List of}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Imerina monarchs, List of}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Lists of rulers in Africa]] |
||
[[Category:Madagascar history-related lists]] |
|||
[[Category:Lists of monarchs]] |
[[Category:Lists of monarchs]] |
||
[[Category:Malagasy monarchs|*]] |
[[Category:Malagasy monarchs|*]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Monarchs in Africa]] |
||
[[Category:African monarchs]] |
|||
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]] |
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]] |
||
[[Category:Former countries in Africa]] |
[[Category:Former countries in Africa]] |
Revision as of 07:22, 10 March 2024
Monarchy of Madagascar | |
---|---|
![]() Coat of Arms (1896–97) | |
![]() | |
Details | |
First monarch | Radama I |
Last monarch | Ranavalona III |
Formation | 6 July 1810 |
Abolition | 28 February 1897 |
Residence | Ambohimanga (spiritual) Rova of Antananarivo (political) |
This article lists the Imerina monarchs, from the earliest origins of the Merina monarchy until the French conquest of the Merina Kingdom during the Second Madagascar expedition.
Early monarchs in the Merina line
Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children. As such, the list below represents a direct genealogical line from the last 19th-century queen of Madagascar to some of the earliest known rulers identified in the 15th century or before. Prior to the 16th century, detailed information about the names and dates of Merina rulers becomes less consistent. Genealogy in this early period are derived primarily from oral history, while later names and dates are verifiable from primary sources. These combined sources provide the following list of Merina rulers preceding Andrianampoinimerina's unification of Imerina in the Central Highlands and his son Radama I's successful conquest of the majority of Madagascar, bringing the island under his rule.
Asterisks denote names drawn from oral history without substantive evidence to verify the ruler's life or reign, viz., legendary or semi-legendary monarchs.
- Andrianerinerina* (c. 1300–1320)[1] (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina)
- Andriananjavonana*
- Andrianamponga I*
- Andrianamboniravina*
- Andriandranolava (Andranolava)*
- Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)*
- Andriamasindohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)*
- Rafandrampohy*
- Andriampandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)*
- Queen Rangita (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530)
- Queen Rafohy (1530–1540)
- King Andriamanelo (1540–1575)
- King Ralambo (1575–1612)
- King Andrianjaka (1612–1630)
- King Andriantsitakatrandriana (1630–1650)
- King Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe (1650–1670)
- King Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana (1670–1675)
- King Andriamasinavalona (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710)
- King Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730)
- King Andriambelomasina (1730–1770)
- King Andrianjafynandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787)
- King Andrianampoinimerina (1787–1810)
Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radama I
| 1793 – 27 July 1828 (aged 35) | 6 July 1810 | 27 July 1828 | Son of Andrianampoinimerina | Merina | ![]() |
Ranavalona I | 1778 – 16 August 1861 (aged 83) | 1 August 1828 | 16 August 1861 | Wife of Radama I | Merina | ![]() |
Radama II | 23 September 1829 – 12 May 1863 (aged 33) | 16 August 1861 | 12 May 1863 (murdered) | Son of Ranavalona I | Merina | ![]() |
Rasoherina | 1814 – 1 April 1868 (aged 54) | 12 May 1863 | 1 April 1868 | Wife of Radama II | Merina | ![]() |
Ranavalona II | 1829 – 13 July 1883 (aged 54) | 1 April 1868 | 13 July 1883 | Wife of Radama II | Merina | ![]() |
Ranavalona III | 22 November 1861 – 23 May 1917 (aged 55) | 30 July 1883 | 28 February 1897 (deposed) | Niece of Ranavalona II Granddaughter of Radama I | Merina | ![]() |
Timeline
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/fl8ykkrfwnk2n56n0yd1gzz2qfkrebd.png)
Monarchs family tree
Andrianampoinimerina 1745–c. 1787–1810 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Radama I King of Madagascar 1793–1810–1828 | Ranavalona I Queen of Madagascar 1778–1828–1861 | Andriamihaja | Rainiharo d. 1852 | Rainijohary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Radama II King of Madagascar 1829–1861–1863 | Ranavalona II Queen of Madagascar 1829–1868–1883 | Rainilaiarivony Prime Minister of Madagascar 1828–1864– 1895–1896 | Ranavalona III Queen of Madagascar 1861–1883– 1897–1917 | Raharo Prime Minister of Madagascar 1824–1852– 1865–1868 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rasoherina Queen of Madagascar 1814–1863–1868 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After the fall
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portrait_of_princess_Marie-Louise%2C_grandniece_of_the_Queen_Ranavalona_III.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_princess_Marie-Louise%2C_grandniece_of_the_Queen_Ranavalona_III.jpg)
After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar, remained. She died childless in 1948.[2]
See also
- List of colonial governors of Madagascar
- List of presidents of Madagascar
- Prime Minister of Madagascar
References
- ^ Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (Third ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 148. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
- ^ Barrier, Marie-France (1996). Ranavalona, dernière reine de Madagascar (in French). Paris: Balland. p. 358. ISBN 978-2-7158-1094-5.