Burgundian treaty of 1548: Difference between revisions
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→Territories: Extended German text quotation. The grammar is somewhat different, the German text repeats itself, which I won't, but at least I want the German equivalent of the Latin original and English translation. "Freyheiten, Rechten und Gerechtigkeiten" = freedoms (liberties), rights and justices. Latin has only "libertatibus ac iuribus" (liberties and rights). Perhaps fruituros was mistranslated as 'Freyheiten'? Nah... Still, odd. |
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The '''Burgundian treaty of 1548''' (ratified on 26 June), also known as the '''Transaction of Augsburg''',<ref name="van Gelderen">{{Cite book |last=van Gelderen |first=Martin |date=2002 |title=The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555-1590 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXK2fxzn2lAC&pg=PA18 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=18 |isbn=9780521891639 |accessdate=19 December 2019}}</ref> settled the status of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. |
The '''Burgundian treaty of 1548''' (ratified on 26 June), also known as the '''Transaction of Augsburg''',<ref name="van Gelderen">{{Cite book |last=van Gelderen |first=Martin |date=2002 |title=The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555-1590 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXK2fxzn2lAC&pg=PA18 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=18 |isbn=9780521891639 |accessdate=19 December 2019}}</ref> settled the status of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. |
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| Evidently, our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian Provinces [Nether-Heirlands], for Ourselves, our heirs and successors, us [being] the real, hereditary and supreme Lords of our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian provinces [Nether-Heirlands], namely the Duchies of [[Duke of Lothier|Lotharingia]], [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]], [[Duchy of Limburg|Limburg]], [[Duchy of Luxemburg|Luxemburg]], and [[Guelders]]; the Counties of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], [[County of Artois|Artois]], [[County of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]], [[County of Holland|Holland]], [[County of Zeeland|Zeeland]], [[County of Namur|Namur]], and [[County of Zutphen|Zutphen]]; the [[Margraviate of Antwerp|March of the Holy Roman Empire]]; the Lordships of [[Lordship of Frisia|Frisia]], [[Lordship of Utrecht|Utrecht]], [[Lordship of Overijssel|Overijssel]], [[Lordship of Groningen|Groningen]], [[Valkenburg aan de Geul|Valkenburg]], [[Dalhem]], [[Salins-les-Bains|Salins]], [[Lordship of Mechelen|Mechelen]], and [[Maastricht]], along with all of their appendages and incorporations, princes, prelatures, dignitaries, counts, barons and lords that belong to certain vassals and appendices, will in the future be one, and always under the protection, custody, conservation and assistance of the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, and will enjoy the liberties and rights of the same [Empire], and will forever after be faithfully defended, conserved, supported and assisted by the aforementioned the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, just like the other princes, states and members of the same Empire.{{#tag:ref|The translation of the names of the territories is partially based on the Dutch publication ''Geschiedenis der staatsinstellingen'' (1922).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/begrippen/staatsinstellingen/Pages/Karel%20102%20verhouding.aspx |title=2. Verhouding tot het Rijk van de Zeventien Provinciën |author=[[Johan Rudolph Thorbecke]], [[Robert Fruin]] en [[Herman Theodoor Colenbrander]] |work=Geschiedenis der staatsinstellingen in Nederland tot de dood van Willem II |publisher=Universiteit Leiden |date=1922 |accessdate=19 December 2019}}</ref>|group="note"}} |
| Evidently, our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian Provinces [Nether-Heirlands], for Ourselves, our heirs and successors, us [being] the real, hereditary and supreme Lords of our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian provinces [Nether-Heirlands], namely the Duchies of [[Duke of Lothier|Lotharingia]], [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]], [[Duchy of Limburg|Limburg]], [[Duchy of Luxemburg|Luxemburg]], and [[Guelders]]; the Counties of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], [[County of Artois|Artois]], [[County of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]], [[County of Holland|Holland]], [[County of Zeeland|Zeeland]], [[County of Namur|Namur]], and [[County of Zutphen|Zutphen]]; the [[Margraviate of Antwerp|March of the Holy Roman Empire]]; the Lordships of [[Lordship of Frisia|Frisia]], [[Lordship of Utrecht|Utrecht]], [[Lordship of Overijssel|Overijssel]], [[Lordship of Groningen|Groningen]], [[Valkenburg aan de Geul|Valkenburg]], [[Dalhem]], [[Salins-les-Bains|Salins]], [[Lordship of Mechelen|Mechelen]], and [[Maastricht]], along with all of their appendages and incorporations, princes, prelatures, dignitaries, counts, barons and lords that belong to certain vassals and appendices, will in the future be one, and always under the protection, custody, conservation and assistance of the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, and will enjoy the liberties and rights of the same [Empire], and will forever after be faithfully defended, conserved, supported and assisted by the aforementioned the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, just like the other princes, states and members of the same Empire.{{#tag:ref|The translation of the names of the territories is partially based on the Dutch publication ''Geschiedenis der staatsinstellingen'' (1922).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/begrippen/staatsinstellingen/Pages/Karel%20102%20verhouding.aspx |title=2. Verhouding tot het Rijk van de Zeventien Provinciën |author=[[Johan Rudolph Thorbecke]], [[Robert Fruin]] en [[Herman Theodoor Colenbrander]] |work=Geschiedenis der staatsinstellingen in Nederland tot de dood van Willem II |publisher=Universiteit Leiden |date=1922 |accessdate=19 December 2019}}</ref>|group="note"}} |
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| image3 = Charles I and V empire.png |
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| caption3 = Possessions of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|emperor Charles V]] {{circa}} 1550. {{legend|#cd75da|[[Habsburg Netherlands]], [[County of Burgundy|Franche-Comté]], and [[Charolais, France|Charolais]]}}{{legend|#89ad6e|Austrian ''[[Erblande]]'', [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown Lands]], and [[Duchy of Milan|Milan]]}}{{legend|#7292b6|[[Crown of Castile]]}}{{legend|#fdae6e|[[Crown of Aragon]]}} |
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| image5 = Habsburgse Nederlanden 1555.svg |
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| caption5 = The [[Low Countries]] in 1555. {{legend|Moccasin|[[Habsburg Netherlands]]}} |
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== Notes == |
== Notes == |
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Latest revision as of 08:26, 10 March 2024
The Burgundian treaty of 1548 (ratified on 26 June), also known as the Transaction of Augsburg,[1] settled the status of the Habsburg Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire.
History
[edit]Essentially the work of Viglius van Aytta, it represents a first step towards the emergence of the Netherlands as an independent territory.[1] It was made possible politically by the French loss of Artois and Flanders. Administratively, a chancellery and tribunal was established at Mechelen which for the first time had as its jurisdiction "the Netherlands" exclusively. The treaty resulted in a significant shift of territories from the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle to the Burgundian Circle. The newly formed administrative division of the empire now united all Burgundian territories, which were no longer subject to the Reichskammergericht. To compensate for its territorial gain, the Burgundian Circle was now obliged to pay taxes equivalent to those of two prince-electorates, and in war taxes towards the Turkish Wars even equivalent to three prince-electorates.
To ensure that the Burgundian territory now united in the Burgundian Circle would remain under a single administration, Charles V in the following year promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 which declared the Seventeen Provinces[citation needed] of the Netherlands a single indivisible possession not to be divided in future inheritance.[1]
The consequence of these attempts at reducing the fragmentation of the government of the Holy Roman Empire was the separation of the Netherlands as an entity apart from the remaining empire, forming an important step towards the formation of the Dutch Republic in 1581.
Territories
[edit]The treaty, written in Neo-Latin, stipulates in Article 15 that the territories mentioned are to become a single unit that will be passed on undivided to the next generations after Charles V (speaking in majestic plural) through hereditary succession:
| Latin text | German text | English translation |
|---|---|---|
| Nimirum, nos veros, haereditarios & supremos Dominos dictarum nostrarum provinciarum Patrimonialium Belgicarum, pro Nobis, nostris haeredibus & successoribus, simul dictae nostrae Provinciae Patrimoniales Belgicae, nominatim Ducatus Lotharingiae, Brabantiae, Limburgi, Luxemburgi, Geldriae; Comitatus Flandriae, Artesiae, Burgundiae, Hannoniae, Hollandiae, Selandiae, Namurci, Zutphaniae; Marchionatus S. R. Imperii, Dominia Frisiae, Ultraiecti, Transisalaniae, Groningae, Falcomontis, Dalhemii, Salinis, Mechliniae & Traecti, una cum omnibus eorundem appendicibus & incorporationibus, Principatibus, Praelaturis, Dignitatibus, Comitatibus, Baroniis & Dominiis ad ea pertinentibus Vasallis & appendicibus, futuros in posterum & semper sub protectione, custodia, conservatione & auxilio Imperatorum & Regum Romanorum & S. R. I. eosque fruituros libertatibus ac iuribus eiusdem, & per dictos Imperatores & Reges Romanorum, & status dicti S. R. I. semper, sicut alii Principes, status & membra eiusdem Imperii, defendos, conservandos, fovendos, & fideliter iuvandos.[2] | ...dergestalt daß wir, als rechter Erb und Oberherr gemelter unserer Nider-Erblanden, für uns unsere Erben und Nachkommen sambt derselbigen nachbenannten unsern Nider-Erblanden, nemlich, Hertzogthumb Lothringen, Braband, Limburg, Lützenburg, Geldern, die Graffschafft Flandern, Arthoys, Burgund, Hennigau, Holland, Seeland, Namur, Züthphen, die Marggraffschafft deß Heiligen Reichs, die Herrschafft Frießland, Utricht, Ober-Issel, Gröningen, Falckenberg, Thalheim, Salin, Mecheln und Mastrich, mit allen deren mediate vel immediate zugehörigen und einverleibten Geistlichen und Weltlichen Fürstenthumen, Prælaturen, Dignitäten, Graffschafften, Frey- und Herrschafften und der zugehörigen Vasallen, Unterthanen und Verwandten, hinfüro zu ewigen Zeiten in der Röm. Kayser und Könige und deß H. Reichs Schuß, Schirm, Vertheydigung und Hülffe seyn, auch sich dessen Freyheiten, Rechten und Gerechtigkeiten freuen und gebrauchen und von gemelten Röm. Kaysern, Königen und deß H. Reichs Ständen jederzeit wie andere Fürsten, Stände und Glieder desselben H. Reichs (...)[3] | Evidently, our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian Provinces [Nether-Heirlands], for Ourselves, our heirs and successors, us [being] the real, hereditary and supreme Lords of our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian provinces [Nether-Heirlands], namely the Duchies of Lotharingia, Brabant, Limburg, Luxemburg, and Guelders; the Counties of Flanders, Artois, Burgundy, Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland, Namur, and Zutphen; the March of the Holy Roman Empire; the Lordships of Frisia, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen, Valkenburg, Dalhem, Salins, Mechelen, and Maastricht, along with all of their appendages and incorporations, princes, prelatures, dignitaries, counts, barons and lords that belong to certain vassals and appendices, will in the future be one, and always under the protection, custody, conservation and assistance of the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, and will enjoy the liberties and rights of the same [Empire], and will forever after be faithfully defended, conserved, supported and assisted by the aforementioned the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, just like the other princes, states and members of the same Empire.[note 1] |
Map gallery
[edit]-en.png)
Imperial Circles in 1512.
-en.svg)
Imperial Circles in 1560.
Possessions of emperor Charles V c. 1550.
The Low Countries in 1555.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c van Gelderen, Martin (2002). The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555-1590. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780521891639. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ^ Kahlen 1744, p. 389.
- ^ Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum 1548, p. 7.
- ^ Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Robert Fruin en Herman Theodoor Colenbrander (1922). "2. Verhouding tot het Rijk van de Zeventien Provinciën". Geschiedenis der staatsinstellingen in Nederland tot de dood van Willem II. Universiteit Leiden. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
Bibliography
[edit]Primary sources
[edit]- Kahlen, Ludewig Martin (1744). Corpus iuris publici, Das ist, Vollständige Sammlung der wichtigsten Grundgesetze des Heiligen Römischen Reichs Deutscher Nation, gesammelt, verbessert, mit Anmerkungen under Parallelen, wie auch einer Vorrede versehen. Göttingen: Schmid Brothers. p. 389. Retrieved 19 December 2019. (Latin and German)
- Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum (1548). 'Burgundischer Vertrag zwischen der Röm. Kays. Majest. und deren Burgundischen und Nieder-Erblanden 1548' (in German). Bavarian State Library. p. 16. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
Scholarly literature
[edit]- Rachfahl, Felix (1900). "Die Trennung der Niederlande vom deutschen Reiche". Westdeutsche Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kunst. 19: 79–119.
- Mout, Nicolette (1995). "Die Niederlande und das Reich im 16. Jahrhundert". In Press, Volker; Stievermann, Dieter (eds.). Alternativen zur Reichsverfassung in der Frühen Neuzeit?. pp. 143–168.
- Dotzauer, Winfried (1998). Die deutschen Reichskreise (1383–1806). Geschichte und Aktenedition. Steiner. pp. 390 ff., 565 ff. ISBN 3-515-07146-6.