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{{more footnotes|date=March 2020}}

{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| name = Object 770
| name = Object 770
| image = Obeikt 770 – Prototype Heavy Tank (23770935948).jpg
| image = Obeikt_770_%E2%80%93_Prototype_Heavy_Tank_(23770935948).jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_size = 300
| caption = Object 770 in [[Kubinka Tank Museum]]
| caption = Object 770 on display at the [[Kubinka Tank Museum]]
| type = [[Heavy tank]]
| type = [[Heavy tank]]
| origin = [[Soviet Union]]
| origin = [[Soviet Union]]
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = Yes
⚫
| is_ranged = Yes
| is_bladed =
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive =
| is_explosive =
Line 15: Line 12:
| is_vehicle = Yes
| is_vehicle = Yes
| is_missile =
| is_missile =
| is_UK =
| is_UK = <!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
| service =
| service =
| used_by =
| used_by =
| wars =
| wars = <!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = Pavel Isakov
| designer = Pavel Isakov
| design_date = 1956
| design_date = 1956
Line 27: Line 22:
| production_date = 1957
| production_date = 1957
| number = 1
| number = 1
| variants =
| variants = <!-- General specifications -->
⚫
| spec_label =
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label =
| weight = {{convert|55.0|t|lb|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|55.0|t|lb|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|10.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|10.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
Line 35: Line 29:
| height = {{convert|2.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|2.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| crew = 4
| crew = 4
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour = Frontal turret: 300mm RHA<br />Upper glacis: 120mm RHA<br />Lower glacis: 187mm RHA<br />Upper sides: 86mm RHA<br />Lower sides: 105mm RHA<br/>
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour = 120 mm hull front
| primary_armament = 130mm M-65 (37 rounds)
⚫
| secondary_armament = 14.5mm [[KPVT]] machine gun (250 rounds)
290 mm turret front
| primary_armament = 1x [[130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)]]
⚫
| secondary_armament = 1x [[KPVT heavy machine gun|14.5mm KPVT machine gun]]
| engine = 10-cylinder, four-stroke, DST-10 diesel engine with a supercharging compressor
| engine = 10-cylinder, four-stroke, DST-10 diesel engine with a supercharging compressor
| engine_power = 1000 hp
| engine_power = 1000 hp
| pw_ratio =
| pw_ratio =
| payload_capacity =
| payload_capacity =
| transmission =
| transmission =
| suspension =
| suspension =
| clearance =
| clearance =
| fuel_capacity =
| fuel_capacity =
| vehicle_range = 200km on highway
| vehicle_range = 200km on highway
| speed = {{cvt|55|km/h}}
| speed = {{cvt|55|km/h}}
| guidance =
| guidance =
| steering =
| steering =
}}
}}
The '''Object 770''' (Объект 770), was a prototype Soviet [[heavy tank]] designed in 1956, and was one of the last heavy tanks ever produced.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Object 770 (Object 770) prototype experimental heavy tank |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/object-770.htm |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> It was developed alongside the [[Object 277]] and the [[Object 279]] following the Decree of the [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union|Council of Ministers of the USSR]] on August 12, 1955.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Танк "Объект 770" |url=http://btvt.info/2futureprojects/objekt770.htm |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=btvt.info}}</ref> Development was cancelled in 1960 following [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s orders to stop production of all heavy tanks weighing over 37 tons.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=mihalchuk_1974 |date=2015-06-08 |title="Объект 770". Последний советский тяжелый танк эпохи Хрущева. |url=https://mihalchuk-1974.livejournal.com/162308.html |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=mihalchuk_1974}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010-01-13 |title=MESHWAR - Техника - "Объект 279" |url=http://www.meshwar.vistcom.ru/tech/ob279.htm |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2010-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113022310/http://www.meshwar.vistcom.ru/tech/ob279.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The '''Object 770''' was a prototype [[heavy tank]] designed by Pavel Isakov.


== History ==
== History ==
In 1956, the USSR was working on a new type of heavy tank. The Object 770 was an experimental heavy tank project developed in [[Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant]] under the leadership of Pavel Isakov.<ref name=GS>{{Cite news|url= https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/object-770.htm|title= Obeikt 770 (Object 770) prototype experimental heavy tank|access-date=16 March 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name=tankmuseum>{{Cite news|url= http://tankmuseum.ru/object-770/|title= Object 770 heavy experimental tank|access-date=16 March 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
In 1956, the GBTU (main armour directorate of the USSR) laid out the tactical and technical requirements for a new heavy tank. 3 projects would eventually emerge from this decree: the Object 277, 279 and 770. Object 277 and 279 were developed at [[Kirov Plant|OKBT (LKZ)]], the [[Leningrad]] Special-purpose Design Bureau (SKB), and Object 770 was developed at [[Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant]]. Despite having much different designs, the 3 vehicles were to share the 130mm M-65. Object 277's development was headed by [[Josef Kotin]], Object 279's by L.S. Troyanov and Object 770's by Pavel Isakov.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Object 277 Heavy Tank w/ gas turbine engine |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/object-277.htm |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />


== Description ==
== Development ==
Development began at Chelyabinsk in 1956, led by P. Isakov. From the get-go, the Object 770 was intended to be designed from scratch and implement numerous advanced technologies.<ref name=":0" /> Therefore, in 1957 a [[T-10 tank#Variants|T-10M]] was sent to the plant to test various components.<ref name=":1" /> It was re-equipped with a V-12 engine boosted to 985&nbsp;hp, as well as [[hydropneumatic suspension]], hydromechanical transmission, control drives, final drives and tracks.<ref name=":1" />
The hull of the Object 770 had a sloped front like the [[T-54]]. The tank was manned by a crew of 4. The Object 770 had an [[CBRN defense|NBC]] protection system. The turret was mounted in the front while the engine is located at the rear.


One prototype was produced in 1959 and sent to testing along with the Object 277.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> It proved superior to the 277 in almost all aspects, but never entered field trials due to dangerous torsional vibrations in the engine. This delayed development, which was subsequently cancelled following Khruschev's orders.
The Object 770 had a dome-shaped 3 man turret. The turret houses the [[130 mm M-65 gun)]]. The gun had a gun stabilizer and an autoloader. Day and night sighting devices were also installed in the turret. Ammunition consists of 37 rounds. A 1x [[KPV heavy machine gun|14.5mm KPVT machine gun]] is located in a mount behind the rear of the turret for anti-aircraft defense.


⚫
== Design ==
The Object 770 had six roadwheels and no support rollers. The tank had a [[hydropneumatic suspension]] for crew comfort and better accuracy. The tank was powered by a 10-cylinder, four-stroke, DST-10 experimental diesel engine. The engine also had a [[supercharger]]. The engine can output 1000 hp and allow the tank to cruise at 55 km/h. <ref name=GS/><ref name=tankmuseum/>
The Object 770 had a fully cast design, with a dome-shaped 3 man turret (and a driver in the hull).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Unlike the 277 which had been based on the T-10, the 770 was completely new. However, like its cousins, the 770 carried the 130mm M-65 cannon. This was loaded with the help of an assisted loading mechanism, as the shells were too heavy to be safely and quickly loaded solely by manpower (30.7&nbsp;kg),<ref name=":0" /> achieving a rate of fire of 5-7 rounds per minute.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Танк "объект 770" 🔥 описание, параметры, ттх |url=https://army-today.ru/tehnika/obekt-770 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Армия Сегодня |language=ru-RU}}</ref> The 30.7&nbsp;kg [[Armour-piercing ammunition|armour-piercing]] ammunition could be fired at 1050&nbsp;m/s, and penetrate 280mm of vertical steel at 1000m.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Танк "Объект 277" |url=http://btvt.info/2futureprojects/object_277.htm |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=btvt.info}}</ref> [[Armour-piercing discarding sabot|APDS]] ammunition (8.7&nbsp;kg in weight) could be fired at 1800&nbsp;m/s, and penetrate 350mm of vertical steel at 1000m.<ref name=":5" /> The cannon could elevate and depress to +16° and -5° respectively.<ref name=":1" /> The gun was fully stabilised with the "Groza" system.<ref name=":0" />

== Development ==
In the 1960s, the Soviets embraced the [[main battle tank]] (MBT) concept and replaced heavy tanks with mobile medium tanks. All works on the Object 770 was discontinued and only a prototype of the Object 770 was built.<ref name=GS/><ref name=tankmuseum/>


The Object 770 also incorporated NBC protection, an automatic fire-fighting system, thermal smoke equipment and night vision devices into its design.<ref name=":2" /> The vehicle had hydropneumatic suspension for crew comfort and better accuracy. The tank was powered by a 10-cylinder, four-stroke, DST-10 experimental diesel engine that reached 1000&nbsp;hp, allowing the tank to cruise at 55&nbsp;km/h.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Object 770 heavy experimental tank {{!}} Tank museum Patriot park Moscow |url=http://tankmuseum.ru/object-770/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Surviving examples ==
* {{Flag|Russia}}:
** [[Kubinka]]: The sole prototype is held on display at the [[Kubinka Tank Museum|Kubinka Museum]].


The tank was also very thickly armoured. The cast turret varied from 184mm to 260mm at angles from 30° to 50° from the vertical, translating to 263mm-300mm of effective armour.<ref name=":1" /> The upper hull varied from 85-138mm from 60-71° from the vertical, equalling 261-276mm of effective protection.<ref name=":0" />
⚫
== See also ==
*[[T-10 tank|T-10]]
*[[T-64]]
*[[Object 785]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 81: Line 66:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Object 770|Obiekt 770}}
*Steven J. Zaloga Andrew W. Hull; David R. Markov ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995'' (Darlington Productions, 1998) {{ISBN| 978-1892848017}}
*Steven J. Zaloga Andrew W. Hull; David R. Markov ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995'' (Darlington Productions, 1998) {{ISBN| 978-1892848017}}
*Kinnear, James; Sewell, Stephen 'Cookie' ''Soviet T-10 Heavy Tank and Variants'' (Osprey Publishing, 2017) {{ISBN|978-1-4728-2051-8}}
*Kinnear, James; Sewell, Stephen 'Cookie' ''Soviet T-10 Heavy Tank and Variants'' (Osprey Publishing, 2017) {{ISBN|978-1-4728-2051-8}}

Latest revision as of 20:07, 10 March 2024

Object 770
Object 770 on display at the Kubinka Tank Museum
TypHeavy tank
Place of originSoviet Union
Production history
DesignerPavel Isakov
Designed1956
Produced1957
No. built1
Specifications
Mass55.0 t (121,300 lb)
Length10.15 m (33 ft 4 in)
Width3.38 m (11 ft 1 in)
Height2.42 m (7 ft 11 in)
Crew4
ArmorFrontal turret: 300mm RHA
Upper glacis: 120mm RHA
Lower glacis: 187mm RHA
Upper sides: 86mm RHA
Lower sides: 105mm RHA
Main
armament
130mm M-65 (37 rounds)
Secondary
armament
14.5mm KPVT machine gun (250 rounds)
Engine10-cylinder, four-stroke, DST-10 diesel engine with a supercharging compressor
1000 hp
Operational
range
200km on highway
Maximum speed 55 km/h (34 mph)

The Object 770 (Объект 770), was a prototype Soviet heavy tank designed in 1956, and was one of the last heavy tanks ever produced.[1] It was developed alongside the Object 277 and the Object 279 following the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on August 12, 1955.[2] Development was cancelled in 1960 following Nikita Khrushchev's orders to stop production of all heavy tanks weighing over 37 tons.[3][4]

History

[edit]

In 1956, the GBTU (main armour directorate of the USSR) laid out the tactical and technical requirements for a new heavy tank. 3 projects would eventually emerge from this decree: the Object 277, 279 and 770. Object 277 and 279 were developed at OKBT (LKZ), the Leningrad Special-purpose Design Bureau (SKB), and Object 770 was developed at Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Despite having much different designs, the 3 vehicles were to share the 130mm M-65. Object 277's development was headed by Josef Kotin, Object 279's by L.S. Troyanov and Object 770's by Pavel Isakov.[5][4][2]

Development

[edit]

Development began at Chelyabinsk in 1956, led by P. Isakov. From the get-go, the Object 770 was intended to be designed from scratch and implement numerous advanced technologies.[1] Therefore, in 1957 a T-10M was sent to the plant to test various components.[2] It was re-equipped with a V-12 engine boosted to 985 hp, as well as hydropneumatic suspension, hydromechanical transmission, control drives, final drives and tracks.[2]

One prototype was produced in 1959 and sent to testing along with the Object 277.[2][5] It proved superior to the 277 in almost all aspects, but never entered field trials due to dangerous torsional vibrations in the engine. This delayed development, which was subsequently cancelled following Khruschev's orders.

Design

[edit]

The Object 770 had a fully cast design, with a dome-shaped 3 man turret (and a driver in the hull).[1][2][3] Unlike the 277 which had been based on the T-10, the 770 was completely new. However, like its cousins, the 770 carried the 130mm M-65 cannon. This was loaded with the help of an assisted loading mechanism, as the shells were too heavy to be safely and quickly loaded solely by manpower (30.7 kg),[1] achieving a rate of fire of 5-7 rounds per minute.[6] The 30.7 kg armour-piercing ammunition could be fired at 1050 m/s, and penetrate 280mm of vertical steel at 1000m.[7] APDS ammunition (8.7 kg in weight) could be fired at 1800 m/s, and penetrate 350mm of vertical steel at 1000m.[7] The cannon could elevate and depress to +16° and -5° respectively.[2] The gun was fully stabilised with the "Groza" system.[1]

The Object 770 also incorporated NBC protection, an automatic fire-fighting system, thermal smoke equipment and night vision devices into its design.[3] The vehicle had hydropneumatic suspension for crew comfort and better accuracy. The tank was powered by a 10-cylinder, four-stroke, DST-10 experimental diesel engine that reached 1000 hp, allowing the tank to cruise at 55 km/h.[2][8]

The tank was also very thickly armoured. The cast turret varied from 184mm to 260mm at angles from 30° to 50° from the vertical, translating to 263mm-300mm of effective armour.[2] The upper hull varied from 85-138mm from 60-71° from the vertical, equalling 261-276mm of effective protection.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Object 770 (Object 770) prototype experimental heavy tank". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Танк "Объект 770"". btvt.info. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  3. ^ a b c mihalchuk_1974 (2015-06-08). ""Объект 770". Последний советский тяжелый танк эпохи Хрущева". mihalchuk_1974. Retrieved 2022-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b "MESHWAR - Техника - "Объект 279"". 2010-01-13. Archived from the original on 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  5. ^ a b "Object 277 Heavy Tank w/ gas turbine engine". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  6. ^ "Танк "объект 770" 🔥 описание, параметры, ттх". Армия Сегодня (in Russian). 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  7. ^ a b "Танк "Объект 277"". btvt.info. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  8. ^ "Object 770 heavy experimental tank | Tank museum Patriot park Moscow". Retrieved 2022-09-30.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Obiekt 770.
  • Steven J. Zaloga Andrew W. Hull; David R. Markov Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995 (Darlington Productions, 1998) ISBN 978-1892848017
  • Kinnear, James; Sewell, Stephen 'Cookie' Soviet T-10 Heavy Tank and Variants (Osprey Publishing, 2017) ISBN 978-1-4728-2051-8
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