Ilyushin Il-30: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1949 bomber aircraft prototype by Ilyushin}} |
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{{good article}} |
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
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|name = Il-30 |
|name = Il-30 |
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|image = |
|image =Il-30-bomber.jpg |
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|caption = Three- |
|caption = Three-quarter view of the Il-30 |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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|type = [[Bomber]] |
|type = [[Bomber]] |
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|manufacturer = [[Ilyushin]] |
|manufacturer = [[Ilyushin]] |
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|designer = |
|designer = |
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|first flight = |
|first flight = Never flew |
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|introduction = |
|introduction = |
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|retired = |
|retired = |
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|status = |
|status = |
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|primary user = |
|primary user = |
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|more users = |
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|number built = 1 |
|number built = 1 |
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|unit cost = |
|unit cost = |
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|developed from = |
|developed from = [[Ilyushin Il-28]] |
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|developed into = |
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|variants with their own articles = |
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|}The '''[[Ilyushin]] Il-30''' was a [[Soviet]] [[turbojet]]-powered tactical [[bomber]] designed as a higher-performance version of the [[Ilyushin Il-28|Il-28]] in the late [[1940s]]. It was canceled before the prototype made its first flight. |
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The '''Ilyushin Il-30''' was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[turbojet]]-powered tactical [[bomber]] designed as a higher-performance, [[swept wing]] version of the [[Ilyushin Il-28]], in the late 1940s. Its thin wing and engine [[nacelle]]s necessitated the use of [[tandem]] [[landing gear]], the first Soviet aircraft to do so. It was apparently canceled before the prototype made its first flight, although sources disagree with this. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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The Il-30 was a follow-on to the Il-28, although design began on 21 June 1948, before the Il-28 had flown. It was designed to meet a requirement for a jet bomber that could carry {{convert|2000|kg|abbr=on}} to a range of {{convert|3500|km|abbr=on}} with a maximum speed no less than {{convert|1000|km/h|abbr=on}}. The design took that of the Il-28 as a starting point, but had thin, |
The Il-30 was a follow-on to the Il-28, although design began on 21 June 1948, before the Il-28 had flown. It was designed to meet a requirement for a jet bomber that could carry {{convert|2000|kg|abbr=on}} to a range of {{convert|3500|km|abbr=on}} with a maximum speed no less than {{convert|1000|km/h|abbr=on}}. The design took that of the Il-28 as a starting point, but had thin, shoulder-mounted swept wings with a 35° sweep angle, chosen to allow the aircraft to reach its required speed. It was intended to be powered by two new [[Lyulka TR-3]] [[Axial compressor|axial-flow]] [[turbojet]] engines with 45.1 kN (10,140 lbf) thrust each in wing-mounted nacelles. Both the fuselage and the nacelles were [[area rule]]d.<ref>Gordon, p. 145</ref> |
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Thin wings and the 2° [[Dihedral (aircraft)|anhedral]] necessary to cure the excessive lateral stability limited the amount of fuel that could be carried and [[Drop tank|tip tanks]] were required to meet the range requirement. The slim engine nacelles did not allow the main landing gear to be stowed there as was done in the Il-28. The solution was to house them within the fuselage — the first bicycle landing gear on a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] aircraft — with small, twin-wheeled, outriggers mounted underneath the nacelles to stabilize the aircraft on the ground.<ref name=g5/> |
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The aircraft had a crew of four, the pilot, a [[Bombardier (air force)|bombardier]], and two gunners. The pilot, bombardier and [[dorsal gunner]] shared one pressurized compartment that was subdivided into (firstly) a bombardier's position in the extensively glazed nose, and (secondly) a combined cockpit and dorsal turret (Il-V-12): the pilot and dorsal gunner were effectively placed back-to-back underneath the canopy. The [[tail gunner]] had a separate, pressurized turret (Il-K6) at the rear of the aircraft. Defensive armament was six {{convert|23|mm|abbr=on}} [[Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23]] cannon: two fixed firing forward and one pair in each turret. Maximum bomb load was {{convert|4000|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name=g5>Gordon, pp. 145–46</ref> |
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The initial results were favorable, and a full-scale mockup was formally reviewed in March [[1949 in aviation|1949]]. The prototype was completed by August 1949, but an incident involving the rival swept-wing [[Tupolev Tu-82]] led to delays as additional tests were demanded to determine the strength of the wings before the first flight was made. By the following year, the Il-30 program had lost momentum as the Ilyushin [[OKB]] was ordered to concentrate on facilitating the service introduction of the Il-28. It was formally terminated by government order on 20 August 1950, and the prototype was eventually scrapped at the beginning of the [[1960s]].<ref name=g>Gordon, p. 146</ref> |
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The initial results were favorable, and a full-scale mockup was formally reviewed in March 1949. The prototype was completed by August 1949, but an incident involving the rival swept-wing [[Tupolev Tu-82]] that broke an engine mount during a low-altitude flight led to delays as additional tests were demanded to determine the strength of the wings before the first flight was made. By the following year, the Il-30 program had lost momentum as the Ilyushin [[OKB]] was ordered to concentrate its resources on facilitating the service introduction of the Il-28. The Il-30 program was formally terminated by government order on 20 August 1950, and the prototype was eventually scrapped at the beginning of the 1960s.<ref name=g>Gordon, p. 146</ref> Aviation historian [[Bill Gunston]] quotes a [[maiden flight]] date of 9 September 1949,<ref>Gunston, p. 115</ref> but Vaclav Nemecek says 1951.<ref>Nemecek, p. 178</ref> |
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Although the Il-30 never actually flew, it was the subject of much (misinformed) speculation in the West. Some of the common misconceptions were that it had a ventral gun mount and that it was the first Soviet bomber to attain the speed of {{convert|1000|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name=g/> |
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Although the Il-30 never actually flew,<ref name=g/> it was the subject of much (misinformed) speculation in the West. Some of the common misconceptions were that it had a ventral gun mount and that it was the first Soviet bomber to attain the speed of {{convert|1000|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name=g/> |
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==Specifications (estimated)== |
==Specifications (estimated)== |
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{{ |
{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=''OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft''<ref name=g/> |
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{{aircraft specifications |
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|prime units?=met |
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|genhide= |
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|ref=Gordon, OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft |
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|crew= Four |
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|crew=four |
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|capacity= |
|capacity= |
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|length |
|length m=18 |
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|length |
|length ft= |
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|span main= 16.5 m |
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|span m=16.5 |
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|height main= <!--m--> |
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|height alt= <!--ftin--> |
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|area main= 100 m² |
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|height ft= |
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|area alt= 1,076 ft² |
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|wing area sqm=100 |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight kg=22967 |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight lb= |
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|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|gross weight lb=37552 |
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|useful load main= <!--kg--> |
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|gross weight note= |
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|useful load alt= <!--lb--> |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|max takeoff weight main= 37,552 kg |
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|max takeoff weight alt= 82,787 lb |
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|more general= |
|more general= |
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|engine (jet)= [[Lyul'ka Al-5|Lyul'ka TR-3]] |
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Powerplant |
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|type of jet= [[turbojet]] engines |
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|number of jets=2 |
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|eng1 number=2 |
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|thrust main= 45 kN |
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|eng1 name=[[Lyulka TR-3]] |
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|thrust alt= 10,140 lbf |
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|eng1 type=[[turbojet]] |
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|thrust original= |
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|eng1 kn=45.1 |
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|afterburning thrust main= |
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|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|afterburning thrust alt= |
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|more power= |
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|max speed main= 1,000 km/h |
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|max speed alt= 540 kn, 622 mph |
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Performance |
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|max speed more= at 5,000 m (16,404 ft) |
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|cruise speed main=850 km/h |
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|perfhide= |
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|cruise speed alt=528 mph |
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|never exceed speed main= <!--km/h--> |
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|max speed kmh=1000 |
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|max speed kts= |
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|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft --> |
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|range main= 3,500 km |
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|cruise speed kmh=850 |
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|range alt= 1,890 nmi, 2,175 mi |
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|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|ceiling main=13,000 m |
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|cruise speed kts= |
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|ceiling alt=42,650 ft |
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|range km=3500 |
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|climb rate main= <!--m/s--> |
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|range miles= |
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|climb rate alt= <!--ft/min--> |
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|range nmi= |
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|loading main= 375.5 kg/m² |
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|combat range km= |
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|loading alt= 76.9 lb/ft² |
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|combat range miles= |
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|thrust/weight= 0.24:1 |
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|combat range nmi= |
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|power/mass main= <!--W/kg--> |
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|ceiling m=13000 |
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|power/mass alt= <!--hp/lb--> |
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|lift to drag= |
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|armament= |
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Armament |
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* 6 × 23 mm [[Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23]] cannon, two fixed forward, two each in dorsal and tail turrets |
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--> |
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* 4,000 kg (8,820 lb) free-fall bombs |
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|guns= 6 × {{convert|23|mm|abbr=on}} [[Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23]] [[autocannon]] |
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|bombs= {{convert|4000|kg|lb}} |
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|avionics= |
|avionics= |
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}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|Aviation}} |
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{{aircontent| |
{{aircontent| |
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|related= |
|related= |
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* [[Ilyushin Il-28]] |
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* [[Ilyushin Il-46]] |
* [[Ilyushin Il-46]] |
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* [[Hong H-5]] |
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|similar aircraft= |
|similar aircraft= |
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* [[Tupolev Tu-28]] |
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* [[Sud-Ouest Vautour]] |
* [[Sud-Ouest Vautour]] |
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|sequence= |
|sequence= |
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|see also= |
|see also= |
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}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Citations=== |
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* {{Cite book|author=Gordon, Yefim|authorlink =Yefim Gordon|coauthors=Komissarov, Dmitriy and Sergey|title=OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft|publisher=Ian Allan |location=London|year=2004|isbn= 1-85780-187-3}} |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book|author=Gordon, Yefim|author2=Komissarov, Dmitriy and Sergey|title=OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft|publisher=Ian Allan |location=London|year=2004|isbn= 1-85780-187-3}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|author-link =Bill Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|publisher=Osprey|location=London|year=1995|isbn=1-85532-405-9}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Nemecek |first= Vaclav |title=The History of Soviet Aircraft from 1918 |year=1986 |publisher=Willow Books |location=London |isbn=0-00-218033-2}} |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category|Ilyushin Il-30}} |
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* [http://ram-home.com/ram-old/il-30.html Il-30 on ram-home.com] |
* [http://ram-home.com/ram-old/il-30.html Il-30 on ram-home.com] |
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{{Ilyushin aircraft}} |
{{Ilyushin aircraft}} |
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{{aviation lists}} |
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[[Category:Ilyushin aircraft|Il-030]] |
[[Category:Ilyushin aircraft|Il-030]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union]] |
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[[Category:1940s Soviet bomber aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Twinjets]] |
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[[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Unflown aircraft]] |
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[[de:Iljuschin Il-30]] |
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[[fr:Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle]] |
[[fr:Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:05, 17 March 2024
| Il-30 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Three-quarter view of the Il-30 | |
| Role | Bomber |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Ilyushin |
| First flight | Never flew |
| Number built | 1 |
| Developed from | Ilyushin Il-28 |
The Ilyushin Il-30 was a Soviet turbojet-powered tactical bomber designed as a higher-performance, swept wing version of the Ilyushin Il-28, in the late 1940s. Its thin wing and engine nacelles necessitated the use of tandem landing gear, the first Soviet aircraft to do so. It was apparently canceled before the prototype made its first flight, although sources disagree with this.
Development
[edit]The Il-30 was a follow-on to the Il-28, although design began on 21 June 1948, before the Il-28 had flown. It was designed to meet a requirement for a jet bomber that could carry 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) to a range of 3,500 km (2,200 mi) with a maximum speed no less than 1,000 km/h (620 mph). The design took that of the Il-28 as a starting point, but had thin, shoulder-mounted swept wings with a 35° sweep angle, chosen to allow the aircraft to reach its required speed. It was intended to be powered by two new Lyulka TR-3 axial-flow turbojet engines with 45.1 kN (10,140 lbf) thrust each in wing-mounted nacelles. Both the fuselage and the nacelles were area ruled.[1]
Thin wings and the 2° anhedral necessary to cure the excessive lateral stability limited the amount of fuel that could be carried and tip tanks were required to meet the range requirement. The slim engine nacelles did not allow the main landing gear to be stowed there as was done in the Il-28. The solution was to house them within the fuselage — the first bicycle landing gear on a Soviet aircraft — with small, twin-wheeled, outriggers mounted underneath the nacelles to stabilize the aircraft on the ground.[2]
The aircraft had a crew of four, the pilot, a bombardier, and two gunners. The pilot, bombardier and dorsal gunner shared one pressurized compartment that was subdivided into (firstly) a bombardier's position in the extensively glazed nose, and (secondly) a combined cockpit and dorsal turret (Il-V-12): the pilot and dorsal gunner were effectively placed back-to-back underneath the canopy. The tail gunner had a separate, pressurized turret (Il-K6) at the rear of the aircraft. Defensive armament was six 23 mm (0.91 in) Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannon: two fixed firing forward and one pair in each turret. Maximum bomb load was 4,000 kg (8,800 lb)[2]
The initial results were favorable, and a full-scale mockup was formally reviewed in March 1949. The prototype was completed by August 1949, but an incident involving the rival swept-wing Tupolev Tu-82 that broke an engine mount during a low-altitude flight led to delays as additional tests were demanded to determine the strength of the wings before the first flight was made. By the following year, the Il-30 program had lost momentum as the Ilyushin OKB was ordered to concentrate its resources on facilitating the service introduction of the Il-28. The Il-30 program was formally terminated by government order on 20 August 1950, and the prototype was eventually scrapped at the beginning of the 1960s.[3] Aviation historian Bill Gunston quotes a maiden flight date of 9 September 1949,[4] but Vaclav Nemecek says 1951.[5]
Although the Il-30 never actually flew,[3] it was the subject of much (misinformed) speculation in the West. Some of the common misconceptions were that it had a ventral gun mount and that it was the first Soviet bomber to attain the speed of 1,000 km/h (620 mph).[3]
Specifications (estimated)
[edit]Data from OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft[3]
General characteristics
- Crew: four
- Length: 18 m (59 ft 1 in)
- Wingspan: 16.5 m (54 ft 2 in)
- Wing area: 100 m2 (1,100 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 22,967 kg (50,634 lb)
- Gross weight: 17,033 kg (37,552 lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × Lyulka TR-3 turbojet, 45.1 kN (10,100 lbf) thrust each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 1,000 km/h (620 mph, 540 kn)
- Cruise speed: 850 km/h (530 mph, 460 kn)
- Range: 3,500 km (2,200 mi, 1,900 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 13,000 m (43,000 ft)
Armament
- Guns: 6 × 23 mm (0.91 in) Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 autocannon
- Bombs: 4,000 kilograms (8,800 lb)
See also
[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitriy and Sergey (2004). OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 1-85780-187-3.
- Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
- Nemecek, Vaclav (1986). The History of Soviet Aircraft from 1918. London: Willow Books. ISBN 0-00-218033-2.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ilyushin Il-30.