Jump to content

Arsinoe I: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
m Correction
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Egyptian queen consort}}
{{Short description|Egyptian queen consort}}
{{For|other Arsinoes|Arsinoe (disambiguation){{!}}Arsinoe}}
{{For|other Arsinoes|Arsinoe (disambiguation){{!}}Arsinoe}}
⚫
'''Arsinoe I''' ({{lang-grc|Ἀρσινόη}}, 305 BC<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 4]</ref> – after c. 248 BC)<ref name=PtolemaicF10>{{cite web |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm |website=Ptolemaic Genealogy |title=Arsinoe I}}, Footnote 10</ref> was queen of Egypt by marriage to [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]].
[[File:Arsinoe II Dekadrachme.jpg|thumb|200px|Arsinoe I]]
⚫
'''Arsinoe I''' ({{lang-el| Αρσινόη Α’}}, 305 BC<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 4]</ref> – after c. 248 BC)<ref name=PtolemaicF10>{{cite web |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm |website=Ptolemaic Genealogy |title=Arsinoe I}}, Footnote 10</ref> was queen of Egypt by marriage to [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]].


==Life==
==Life==
Arsinoe I was the second daughter and youngest child born to King [[Lysimachus]] and [[Nicaea of Macedon]].<ref name=Bengtson>{{cite book |last=Bengtson |title=Griechische Geschichte von den Anfängen bis in die römische Kaiserzeit |page=569}}</ref><ref name=Heckel>{{cite book |last=Heckel |title=Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire'' |page=175}}</ref> Her older siblings were [[Agathocles (son of Lysimachus)|Agathocles]] and [[Eurydice (wife of Antipater II of Macedon)|Eurydice]].<ref name=Bengtson /><ref name=Heckel /> Her ancestors were powerful—her paternal grandfather was [[Agathocles of Pella]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livius.org/lu-lz/lysimachus/lysimachus.html |title=Lysimachus’ article at Livius.org |access-date=2020-03-26 |archive-date=2014-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423010517/http://www.livius.org/lu-lz/lysimachus/lysimachus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> a nobleman contemporary to King [[Philip II of Macedon]]. Her maternal grandfather was the [[Regent]] [[Antipater]].<ref>Lightman, ''A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women'', p.233</ref> Arsinoe I shared a name with her grandmother,<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 3]</ref> though it is unknown whether it was the mother of Lysimachus or of Nicaea as both women remain unnamed in ancient sources.<ref name="PtolemaicF10" /> Little is known of her life prior to her marriage.
Arsinoe I was the second daughter and youngest child born to King [[Lysimachus]] and [[Nicaea of Macedon]].<ref name=Bengtson>{{cite book |last=Bengtson |title=Griechische Geschichte von den Anfängen bis in die römische Kaiserzeit |page=569}}</ref><ref name=Heckel>{{cite book |last=Heckel |title=Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire |page=175}}</ref> Her older siblings were [[Agathocles (son of Lysimachus)|Agathocles]] and [[Eurydice (wife of Antipater II of Macedon)|Eurydice]].<ref name=Bengtson /><ref name=Heckel /> Her ancestors were powerful—her paternal grandfather was [[Agathocles of Pella]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livius.org/lu-lz/lysimachus/lysimachus.html |title=Lysimachus’ article at Livius.org |access-date=2020-03-26 |archive-date=2014-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423010517/http://www.livius.org/lu-lz/lysimachus/lysimachus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> a nobleman contemporary to King [[Philip II of Macedon]]. Her maternal grandfather was the [[Regent]] [[Antipater]].<ref>Lightman, ''A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women'', p.233</ref> Arsinoe I shared a name with her grandmother,<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 3]</ref> though it is unknown whether it was the mother of Lysimachus or of Nicaea as both women remain unnamed in ancient sources.<ref name="PtolemaicF10" /> Little is known of her life prior to her marriage.


===Queen===
===Queen===
Line 19: Line 18:
Arsinoe I lived in exile for twenty years. During her exile, she lived in great splendour and enjoyed considerable privilege, since she was the former wife of a pharaoh. Her first son with Ptolemy II succeeded his father after his death.<ref name=Lightman43 />
Arsinoe I lived in exile for twenty years. During her exile, she lived in great splendour and enjoyed considerable privilege, since she was the former wife of a pharaoh. Her first son with Ptolemy II succeeded his father after his death.<ref name=Lightman43 />


A surviving [[stele]] has been found at Coptos which refers to Arsinoe I.<ref name=Britannica /> The Stele is of Senu-sher, a steward of Arsinoe I and the Stele is assigned to Arsinoe I's exile.<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 8]</ref> The stele calls Arsinoe I the "king’s wife", but her name is not enclosed in the royal [[cartouche]] as was customary for an Egyptian queen.<ref name=Britannica /> Another piece of surviving evidence connected to Arsinoe I is a [[Phoenician language|Phoenician]] inscription found at [[Lapithos]], [[Cyprus]],<ref name=PtolemaicF9>{{cite web |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm |website=Ptolemaic Genealogy |title=Arsinoe I}}, Footnote 9</ref> which is dated in the 11th or 12th year in the reign of Ptolemy II. The inscription refers to a sacrifice instituted by Yatonba’al on behalf of "the legitimate scion and his wife",<ref name=PtolemaicF9 /> hence refers to Arsinoe I. As Arsinoe I was disgraced as a traitor, the fact the person who did the sacrifice on her behalf strongly suggests that the news of her disgrace had not yet reached him.<ref name=PtolemaicF9 />
A surviving [[stele]] has been found at Coptos which refers to Arsinoe I.<ref name=Britannica /> The Stele is of Senu-sher, a steward of Arsinoe I and the Stele is assigned to Arsinoe I's exile.<ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 8]</ref> The stele calls Arsinoe I the "king’s wife", but her name is not enclosed in the royal [[cartouche]] as was customary for an Egyptian queen.<ref name=Britannica /> Another piece of surviving evidence connected to Arsinoe I is a [[Phoenician language|Phoenician]] inscription found at [[Masub inscription]], considered to originate from [[Umm al-Amad, Lebanon|Umm al-Amad]], which counts the year by the reign of "[[Ptolemy III Euergetes|Ptolemy]], lord of kings, (the) great, [[Euergetes|(the) beneficent]], son of [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus|Ptolemy]] and Arsinoë, the gods-brothers".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Slouschz |first=Nahoum |author-link=Nahum Slouschz |title=Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions |publisher=Dvir |year=1942 |pages=44–45 |language=Hebrew}}</ref> [[Larnakas tis Lapithou pedestal inscription]], the [[Phoenician language|Phoenician]] inscription found at [[Lapithos]], [[Cyprus]],<ref name="PtolemaicF92">{{cite web |title=Arsinoe I |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_i.htm |website=Ptolemaic Genealogy}}, Footnote 9</ref> which is dated in the 11th or 12th year in the reign of Ptolemy II, may refer to a sacrifice instituted by Yatonba’al on behalf of "the legitimate scion and his wife",<ref name="PtolemaicF92" /> hence refers to Arsinoe I. As Arsinoe I was disgraced as a traitor, the fact the person who did the sacrifice on her behalf strongly suggests that the news of her disgrace had not yet reached him.<ref name="PtolemaicF92" />


==Issue==
==Issue==

Latest revision as of 12:59, 18 March 2024

For other Arsinoes, see Arsinoe.

Arsinoe I (Ancient Greek: Ἀρσινόη, 305 BC[1] – after c. 248 BC)[2] was queen of Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

Leben

[edit]

Arsinoe I was the second daughter and youngest child born to King Lysimachus and Nicaea of Macedon.[3][4] Her older siblings were Agathocles and Eurydice.[3][4] Her ancestors were powerful—her paternal grandfather was Agathocles of Pella,[5] a nobleman contemporary to King Philip II of Macedon. Her maternal grandfather was the Regent Antipater.[6] Arsinoe I shared a name with her grandmother,[7] though it is unknown whether it was the mother of Lysimachus or of Nicaea as both women remain unnamed in ancient sources.[2] Little is known of her life prior to her marriage.

Queen

[edit]

Between 289/88[8] and 281 BC,[9] Arsinoe I married her distant maternal cousin, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The marriage was part of Ptolemy's alliance with her father against Seleucus I Nicator.[10] Through her marriage, she became queen of the Ptolemaic kingdom. Together, she and Ptolemy had three children: Ptolemy III Euergetes, Lysimachus of Egypt, and Berenice.[11]

Between after 279-274/3 BC Ptolemy's sister, Arsinoe II Philadelphos, arrived in Egypt. Arsinoe II had married Lysimachus and was therefore both step-mother and sister-in-law to Arsinoe I. Following the death of Lysimachus, Arsinoe II had married her half-brother, Ptolemy Keraunos, but fled to Egypt following a dispute. Soon after Arsinoe II's arrival, charges of conspiracy to assassinate Ptolemy II were brought against Arsinoe I.[10]

As a result of the charges, Ptolemy II convicted Arsinoe I of plotting against him. He repudiated her then exiled her to Coptos in Upper Egypt.[10] It is chronologically plausible that these events were also connected to the banishment of Ptolemy II's niece Theoxena, as Theoxena was sent to the Thebaid,[12] perhaps to Coptos as well.

Afterwards, Ptolemy II married his sister, Arsinoe II, and after her death, his children with Arsinoe I were officially regarded as the children of Arsinoe II.

Later life

[edit]

Arsinoe I lived in exile for twenty years. During her exile, she lived in great splendour and enjoyed considerable privilege, since she was the former wife of a pharaoh. Her first son with Ptolemy II succeeded his father after his death.[8]

A surviving stele has been found at Coptos which refers to Arsinoe I.[10] The Stele is of Senu-sher, a steward of Arsinoe I and the Stele is assigned to Arsinoe I's exile.[13] The stele calls Arsinoe I the "king’s wife", but her name is not enclosed in the royal cartouche as was customary for an Egyptian queen.[10] Another piece of surviving evidence connected to Arsinoe I is a Phoenician inscription found at Masub inscription, considered to originate from Umm al-Amad, which counts the year by the reign of "Ptolemy, lord of kings, (the) great, (the) beneficent, son of Ptolemy and Arsinoë, the gods-brothers".[14] Larnakas tis Lapithou pedestal inscription, the Phoenician inscription found at Lapithos, Cyprus,[15] which is dated in the 11th or 12th year in the reign of Ptolemy II, may refer to a sacrifice instituted by Yatonba’al on behalf of "the legitimate scion and his wife",[15] hence refers to Arsinoe I. As Arsinoe I was disgraced as a traitor, the fact the person who did the sacrifice on her behalf strongly suggests that the news of her disgrace had not yet reached him.[15]

Issue

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 4
  2. ^ a b "Arsinoe I". Ptolemaic Genealogy., Footnote 10
  3. ^ a b Bengtson. Griechische Geschichte von den Anfängen bis in die römische Kaiserzeit. p. 569.
  4. ^ a b Heckel. Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire. p. 175.
  5. ^ "Lysimachus' article at Livius.org". Archived from the original on 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  6. ^ Lightman, A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women, p.233
  7. ^ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 3
  8. ^ a b Lightman. A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women. p. 43.
  9. ^ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I
  10. ^ a b c d e "Arsinoe I". Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
  11. ^ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 7
  12. ^ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Theoxena, Footnote 6 Archived November 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I, Footnote 8
  14. ^ Slouschz, Nahoum (1942). Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions (in Hebrew). Dvir. pp. 44–45.
  15. ^ a b c "Arsinoe I". Ptolemaic Genealogy., Footnote 9

Sources

[edit]
  • Bengtson, Hermann (1977). Griechische Geschichte von den Anfängen bis in die römische Kaiserzeit. C.H.Beck.
  • "Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe I". Tyndale House.
  • "Arsinoe I". Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
  • "Ptolemaic Genealogy: Theoxena". Tyndale House. Archived from the original on 2011-11-26.
  • "Lysimachus". Livius.org. Archived from the original on 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  • Heckel, Waldemar (2006). Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lightman, M.; Lightman, B. (2007). A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women. Infobase Publishing (Google eBook).
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arsinoe I.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsinoe_I&oldid=1214353596"