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Coordinates: 23°2.2′N 91°31.2′E / 23.0367°N 91.5200°E / 23.0367; 91.5200
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Chhagalnaiya
| official_name = Chhagalnaiya
| native_name = ছাগলনাইয়া
| native_name = ছাগলনাইয়া
| settlement_type = [[Upazilas of Bangladesh|Upazila]]
| settlement_type = [[Upazilas of Bangladesh|Upazila]]
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_skyline = Feni Chadgaji MG 3817.jpg
| image_caption = Skyline of Chhagalnaiya, Bangladesh
| image_caption = Chand Ghazi Bhuiyan mosque
| image_blank_emblem =
| image_map = Chhagalnaiya in Chattogram division (Bangladesh).svg
| blank_emblem_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|23|{{#expr:.0361*60 round 1}}|N|91|{{#expr:.5194*60 round 1}}|E|type:city_region:BD|display=inline,title}}
| blank_emblem_type =
| subdivision_type = [[country]]
| blank_emblem_link =
| pushpin_map = Bangladesh
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bangladesh
| subdivision_type1 = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| seat_type = Headquarters
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]]
| coordinates_region = BD
| subdivision_name2 = [[Feni District|Feni]]
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| seat = [[Chhagalnaiya]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| leader_title =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chittagong Division]]
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Feni District]]
| leader_name1 =
| subdivision_type3 = <!-- Capital -->
| area_total_km2 = 139.59
| subdivision_name3 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| population_total = 154116
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 1991
| elevation_ft =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 187156
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 1155
| population_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 133.49
| population_density_km2 = auto
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| postal_code_type =
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code = 3910
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191358/http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/maps/images/feni/Chhagalnaiya.gif Official Map of Chhagalnaiya]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
| leader_name1 =
| utc_offset = +6
| timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
| utc_offset = +6
| latd=23 |latm={{#expr:.0361*60 round 1}} |lats= |latNS=N
| longd=91 |longm={{#expr:.5194*60 round 1}} |longs= |longEW=E
| coordinates_type = type:city_region:BD
| cooddinates_display = title
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 3910
| website =[http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/maps/images/feni/Chhagalnaiya.gif Official Map of Chhagalnaiya]
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Chhagalnaiya''' ({{lang-bn|ছাগলনাইয়া}}) is an [[Upazila]] of [[Feni District]] in the Division of [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]].
'''Chhagalnaiya''' ({{lang-bn|ছাগলনাইয়া}}) is an [[upazila]] of [[Feni District]] in the Division of [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation
|author=RK Shamim Patowari
|chapter=Chhagalnaiya Upazila
|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chhagalnaiya_Upazila
|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref>


'''Chhagalnaiya''' lies in the southern part of the district, bordering [[Tripura]] and [[Mirsharai Upazila]] of Chittagong. It is rich in history and culture. The great medieval warrior [[Shamsher Gazi]] hailed from Chhagalnaiya. It is also the birthplace of many other noted historical figures including Sir A. F. Rahman, first Muslim Vice Chancellor of [[Dhaka University]], journalist [[Abdus Salam (Editor)]], Gaziul Haque, Advocate Kazi Fazlul Haque and Riaz Rahman (former Foreign Secretary). Hafej al aref (R) is forefather of nizpanua khondaker family.
Chhagalnaiya lies in the southern part of the district, bordering [[Tripura]] and [[Mirsharai Upazila]] of [[Chittagong]]. It is rich in history and culture. The great medieval warrior [[Shamsher Gazi]] hailed from Chhagalnaiya. It is also the birthplace of many other noted historical figures including Sir [[A. F. Rahman]], first Muslim Vice Chancellor of [[University of Dhaka|Dhaka University]], journalist [[Abdus Salam (editor)|Abdus Salam]], [[Gaziul Haque]], Advocate Kazi Fazlul Haque and [[Reaz Rahman|Riaz Rahman]] (former Foreign Secretary). Hafej al Arif (R) is forefather of Nizpanua Khondaker family. Al-Haj Nur Ahmed Mozumder, Former Upazila Chairman son of famous businessman Haji Baduzzaman Mozumder.

== Etymology ==
Despite some beliefs, the origin of the word {{Transliteration|bn|chhagal}} ({{Lang-bn|ছাগল|lit=goat|label=none}}) in Chhagalnaiya has no connection to the Gandhi's goat stealing incident of 1946.{{efn|In Bangladesh, Gandhi is remembered for his visit to the coastal area of Noakhali, the site of a 1946 communal riot, where he walked through villages to calm the mobs. According to legend, during this time, some individuals opposed to Gandhi's philosophy stole his goat, which had been providing him with nourishing milk, and cooked it for dinner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Afsan |date=2006-01-28 |title=The man who lost his goat: Missing Gandhi in Bangladesh |url=https://www.himalmag.com/cover/gandhi-and-his-goat |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 February 2020 |title=Chhagalnaiya |script-title=bn:ছাগলনাইয়া |trans-title=Chhagalnaiya |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/129095/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |language=bn}}</ref> The Chhagalnaya-[[Parshuram Upazila|Parshuram]] region, located in this relatively ancient part of [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]], had a large portion of its area submerged underwater in the distant past. This body of water was known as either {{Transliteration|bn|billasagar}} or {{Transliteration|bn|sukh sagar}} ({{Translation|sea of happiness}}), according to different opinions. Numerous boat wrecks have been discovered in this area once inhabited by boatmen, referred to as {{Transliteration|bn|sagarer naiya|}} ({{Lang-bn|সাগরের নাইয়া|lit=boatmen of the sea}}) in Bengali. Over time, {{Transliteration|bn|sagarer naiya}} evolved into {{Transliteration|bn|sagarnaiya}} in folk language, and eventually into {{Transliteration|bn|chagalnaiya}}, the term used today. Some accounts suggest that during the early [[British Raj|British period]], the word {{Transliteration|bn|sagar}} (sea) was mistakenly transcribed as {{Transliteration|bn|sagol}}, resulting in {{Transliteration|bn|sagolnaiya}} or Chhagalnaiya.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bangladesher Lokaja Sangskriti Granthamala |date=June 2014 |publisher=[[Bangla Academy]] |isbn=9840758535 |editor-last=Khan |editor-first=Shamsuzzaman |series=Present State of Folklore in Feni District |location=Dhaka |language=bn |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের লোকজ সংস্কৃতি গ্রন্থমালা |trans-title=Bangladesh Folk Culture Series |editor-last2=Hossain |editor-first2=Md. Altaf}}</ref>{{Rp|page=111|quote=বৃহত্তর নোয়াখালীর ফেনী অঞ্চল অপেক্ষাকৃত প্রাচীন ভূখণ্ড । এই ভূখণ্ডের ছাগলনাইয়া-পরশুরাম অঞ্চল সুদূর অতীতে জলাভূমি বা কোনো সাগরে লীন ছিল বলে জনশ্রুতি রয়েছে। সে সাগরের নাম ছিল বিল্লাসাগর মতান্তরে সুখ সাগর। আদিযুগে ছাগলনাইয়ার পাহাড়ি অঞ্চল থেকে পশ্চিমে লালমাটি বা পোড়ামাটির টিলা (ফেনী শহরের অদূরে অবস্থিত) পর্যন্ত সাগর বা নিম্নজলাভূমি পারাপারের জন্য ছিল ঘাট এবং নাইয়া বা নৌকার মাঝি। সে ঘাটের নাম ছিল রানীর ঘাট। কালের বিবর্তনে সে জলরাশি শুকিয়ে গেছে। ঘাটের কোনো অস্তিত্ব নেই। কিন্তু এখানে রানীরহাট নামে একটি বাজার এখনও আছে। আধুনিক ছাগলনাইয়ায় ফেনী সড়কের পাঁচ ছয় মাইল দূরত্বের মধ্যে দু'টি নদীসহ বেশ কয়েকটি সেতুর অবস্থান অতীতের জলভূমির কথা স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয়। এখানে একসময় ছিল সাগরের নাইয়া বা নৌকার মাঝিদের বসতি৷ এখানে নৌকার বহু ধ্বংসাবশেষ পাওয়া গেছে। সাগরের নাইয়া লোকমুখে পরিবর্তিত হয়ে সাগরনাইয়া এবং সাগরনাইয়া থেকে ছাগলনাইয়ায় রূপান্তরিত হয়ে বর্তমানে ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে।

ছাগলনাইয়া নামকরণ সম্পর্কে কেউ কেউ বলেন যে, ইংরেজ আমলের শুরুতে Sagor শব্দ ভুলক্রমে Sagol হিসেবে লিপিবদ্ধ হওয়ার ফলে Sagolnaiya বা ছাগলনাইয়া শব্দ প্রচলিত হয়ে যায়।|language=bn}}


==Geography and history==
==Geography and history==
Chhagalnaiya is located at {{coord|23.0361|N|91.5194|E|}}. It has 26564 household units and a total area of 133.49&nbsp;km².
Chhagalnaiya is located at {{coord|23.0361|N|91.5194|E|}}. It has 36,744 household units and a total area of 139.59&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.


Chagalnaiya is an Upazila in the Feni district in Bangladesh.
Contrary to a popular tale involving the visit of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to ease communal tension of this area, along with his constant companion on tours, a goat ("chhagal" in Bangla), the name of this region considerably antedates the incident of communal riots in 1946. It is now believed that ''Chhagalnaiya'' is actually a derivative of ''Sagarnaiya'' or 'sea-sailor' as many people from this region used to go to the sea to earn their bread as fishermen in large [[sampan]] boats.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As of the [[1991 Bangladesh census]], Chhagalnaiya has a population of 154116. Males constitute 49.79% of the population, and females 50.21%. This Upazila's 18+ population is 73541. Chhagalnaiya has an average literacy rate of 43.9% (7+ years), whereas the national average is 32.4%.<ref name="census">{{cite web | accessdate = November 10, 2006 | url = http://www.bangladeshgov.org/mop/ndb/arpc91_v1/tables04.htm | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20050327072826/http://www.bangladeshgov.org/mop/ndb/arpc91_v1/tables04.htm | archivedate = 2005-03-27 | title = Population Census Wing, BBS.}}</ref>


{{bar box
==Administration ==
|title=Religions in Chhagalnaiya upazila (2011)<ref name="census2011"/>
{{copyedit|section|for=coherency|date=April 2015}}
|titlebar=#Fcd116
Chhagalnaiya has 5 Unions and 1 Pourashava, 54 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 63 villages. The 5 unions include the Northern sites Mahamaya union at Changazi, southern sites Shuvopur union, western sites Patangar union and eastern site of India-estate of Tripura.
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]]|green|97.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]]|darkorange|2.61}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.04}}
}}


As of the [[2011 Bangladesh census]], Chhagalnaiya upazila had 36,744 households and a population of 187,156. 41,904 (22.39%) were under 10 years of age. Chhagalnaiya had an average literacy rate of 63.38%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1091 females per 1000 males. 48,243 (25.78%) of the population lived in urban areas.<ref name="community">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Community Tables: Feni district |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCen2011/Com_Feni.pdf |website=bbs.gov.bd |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Feni |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Feni.pdf |website=bbs.gov.bd |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Upazilas of Bangladesh]]
*[[Districts of Bangladesh]]
Thana/ Upazila creation
At year 1872


==Administration==
'''Area'''
Chhagalnaiya Upazila is divided into [[Chhagalnaiya]] Municipality and five [[union parishad]]s: Gopal, Mohamaya, Pathannagar, Radhanagar, and Shubhapur. The union parishads are subdivided into 54 mauzas and 58 villages.<ref name="district-stats" />


Chhagalnaiya Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 11 [[mahalla]]s.<ref name="district-stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/District%20Statistics/Feni.pdf |url-status=dead |title=District Statistics 2011: Feni |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113184930/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/District%20Statistics/Feni.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
133.49&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> is bounded by Fulgazi upazila on the north, mirsharai upazila on the south, Indian State of Tripura on the east, feni sadar upazila on the west. Main rivers are feni and muhuri.


==Notable people==
'''Population'''
*[[Abdus Salam (editor)|Abdus Salam]], journalist and editor
*[[Shamsher Gazi|Shamsher Ghazi]],Warlord and ruler of Tippera
*[[Kazi Fazlul Karim]], Sub Deputy Magistrate during British rule, awarded with the title "Khan Shahib"
*[[Kazi Fazlul Haque]], Renowned lawyer, journalist and civil society leader.
*[[Kazi Mozammel Haque]], Historian and writer.


==See also==
Population 170524; male 49.79%, female 50.21%; Muslim 96.95%, Hindu 2.95% and others 0.1%.
* [[Upazilas of Bangladesh]]
* [[Districts of Bangladesh]]


== Notes ==
'''Density'''
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{Feni District}}
population density per km<sup>2</sup> 1545

Communication facilities

Roads: pucca 60&nbsp;km, semi pucca 35&nbsp;km and mud road 412&nbsp;km; waterways 9 nautical mile; railways 6.5&nbsp;km.

Parliamentary Seat

1

Literacy rate, Educational Institute

Average literacy 63.10%; male 51.3% and female 36.6%. Educational institutions: college 5, high school 27, government primary school 61, non-government primary school 9, madrasa 29 and technical school 2. Noted educational institutions: Chhagalnaiya Government Primary School (1900), Chhagalnaiya High School (1915) and Joypur Sarojini High School (1917), Chhagalnaiya Academy (1993), Chhagalnaiya Mohila College.

Union

5

Mouza

72

Union Land Office

6

Pourshava

1

Village

54

Bank

13

Religious Institute

Mosque 275, temple 10 and tomb 2, most noted of which are Chand Gazi Bhuiyan Mosque, South Ballavpur Mosque, Tomb of Panua Pir, Tomb of Roushan Fakir and Jagannath Mandir.

Cultural Institute/ organisations

Public library 1, club 39, theatre group 1, women's organisation 1, music school 1, botanical garden 1 and playground 25.

Hats, bazars and fairs

Hats and bazars are 29, most noted of which are Koroiya Bazar, Daroga Bazar, Mirzar Bazar and Jamaddar Bazar etc.; fair: 3, noted of which are Adhar Manik and Kaligachtola Mela.

Health centres

Upazila health complex 1, family planning centre 4, satellite clinic 3.

Dakbanglo

1

Archaeological heritage and relics

Shiluar Shil, Shuvapur Bridge, Banchpara Zamindar Bari and Sat Mandir (seven temple), remnants of the capital of Shamser Gazi, Kayara Dighi.

Locally published newspapers and periodicals

Monthly Sagar Naiya and Monthly Haider; extinct- Weekly Aapil.

Rivers

Feni and Muhury

Main Activities/ Main occupations

Agriculture 42.27%, agricultural labourer 7.64%, wage labourer 1.5%, industry 1.38%, transport 2.97%, landlord 4.02%, commerce 10.75%, service 17.05% and others 12.42%.

Land Control

Among the peasants 8% are landless, 37% marginal, 30% small, 20% intermediate and 5% rich; cultivable land per head 0.15%.

Land Tenure/ Land use

Total cultivable land 10829 hectares; fallow land 50.58 hectares; single crop 15%, double crop 74% and treble crop land 11%; land under irrigation 70%.

Main agricultural Crops

Paddy, potato, brinjal, chilli, pumpkin, bean, til and sugarcane.

Primary Fruits

Mango, jackfruit, banana, black berry, palm, pineapple and kul.

Exported Items

Main exports Paddy and wooden furniture.

Cottage industries

Goldsmith 53, blacksmith 44, potteries 15, wood work 170, sewing 310 and bamboo work 156.

NGO’s activities

Operationally important NGOs are brac, asa, CARE, grameen bank, Swanirvar Bangladesh and LIFD.

Marks of the War of Liberation

Memorial monument 2.

Traditional transport

Palanquin (extinct) and bullock cart (nearly extinct).

Manufactories

Rice mill 132, saw mill 30, ice factory 1 and welding 35.

Fisheries, dairies and poultries

Fishery 1, dairy 3 and poultry 106.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops

Tishi, kaun, tobacco and jute.
created by www.chhagalnaiyabd.com

==References==
<references/>
{{Upazilas of Chittagong Division}}
{{Upazilas of Chittagong Division}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Upazilas of Feni District]]
[[Category:Upazilas of Feni District]]

Revision as of 13:16, 19 March 2024

Chhagalnaiya
ছাগলনাইয়া
Upazila
Chand Ghazi Bhuiyan mosque
Chand Ghazi Bhuiyan mosque
Location of Chhagalnaiya
Coordinates: 23°2.2′N 91°31.2′E / 23.0367°N 91.5200°E / 23.0367; 91.5200
country Bangladesh
DivisionChittagong
DistrictFeni
HeadquartersChhagalnaiya
Area
 • Total139.59 km2 (53.90 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total187,156
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+6 (BST)
WebsiteOfficial Map of Chhagalnaiya

Chhagalnaiya (Bengali: ছাগলনাইয়া) is an upazila of Feni District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.[1]

Chhagalnaiya lies in the southern part of the district, bordering Tripura and Mirsharai Upazila of Chittagong. It is rich in history and culture. The great medieval warrior Shamsher Gazi hailed from Chhagalnaiya. It is also the birthplace of many other noted historical figures including Sir A. F. Rahman, first Muslim Vice Chancellor of Dhaka University, journalist Abdus Salam, Gaziul Haque, Advocate Kazi Fazlul Haque and Riaz Rahman (former Foreign Secretary). Hafej al Arif (R) is forefather of Nizpanua Khondaker family. Al-Haj Nur Ahmed Mozumder, Former Upazila Chairman son of famous businessman Haji Baduzzaman Mozumder.

Etymology

Despite some beliefs, the origin of the word chhagal (ছাগল, 'goat') in Chhagalnaiya has no connection to the Gandhi's goat stealing incident of 1946.[a][3] The Chhagalnaya-Parshuram region, located in this relatively ancient part of Noakhali, had a large portion of its area submerged underwater in the distant past. This body of water was known as either billasagar or sukh sagar (transl. sea of happiness), according to different opinions. Numerous boat wrecks have been discovered in this area once inhabited by boatmen, referred to as sagarer naiya (Bengali: সাগরের নাইয়া, lit. 'boatmen of the sea') in Bengali. Over time, sagarer naiya evolved into sagarnaiya in folk language, and eventually into chagalnaiya, the term used today. Some accounts suggest that during the early British period, the word sagar (sea) was mistakenly transcribed as sagol, resulting in sagolnaiya or Chhagalnaiya.[4]: 111 

Geography and history

Chhagalnaiya is located at 23°02′10″N 91°31′10″E / 23.0361°N 91.5194°E / 23.0361; 91.5194. It has 36,744 household units and a total area of 139.59 km2.

Chagalnaiya is an Upazila in the Feni district in Bangladesh.

Demographics

Religions in Chhagalnaiya upazila (2011)[5]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 97.35%
Hinduism
 
 2.61%
Other or not stated
 
 0.04%

As of the 2011 Bangladesh census, Chhagalnaiya upazila had 36,744 households and a population of 187,156. 41,904 (22.39%) were under 10 years of age. Chhagalnaiya had an average literacy rate of 63.38%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1091 females per 1000 males. 48,243 (25.78%) of the population lived in urban areas.[6][5]

Administration

Chhagalnaiya Upazila is divided into Chhagalnaiya Municipality and five union parishads: Gopal, Mohamaya, Pathannagar, Radhanagar, and Shubhapur. The union parishads are subdivided into 54 mauzas and 58 villages.[7]

Chhagalnaiya Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 11 mahallas.[7]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In Bangladesh, Gandhi is remembered for his visit to the coastal area of Noakhali, the site of a 1946 communal riot, where he walked through villages to calm the mobs. According to legend, during this time, some individuals opposed to Gandhi's philosophy stole his goat, which had been providing him with nourishing milk, and cooked it for dinner.[2]

References

  1. ^ RK Shamim Patowari (2012), "Chhagalnaiya Upazila", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
  2. ^ Chowdhury, Afsan (2006-01-28). "The man who lost his goat: Missing Gandhi in Bangladesh". Himal Southasian. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  3. ^ "Chhagalnaiya" ছাগলনাইয়া [Chhagalnaiya]. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 9 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  4. ^ Khan, Shamsuzzaman; Hossain, Md. Altaf, eds. (June 2014). Bangladesher Lokaja Sangskriti Granthamala বাংলাদেশের লোকজ সংস্কৃতি গ্রন্থমালা [Bangladesh Folk Culture Series]. Present State of Folklore in Feni District (in Bengali). Dhaka: Bangla Academy. ISBN 9840758535.
  5. ^ a b "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Feni" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  6. ^ "Community Tables: Feni district" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2011.
  7. ^ a b "District Statistics 2011: Feni" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
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