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{{Short description|Korean scholar-official (1536–1594)}}
{{unreferenced|date=February 2009}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Infobox Korean name|
{{Cleanup|date=February 2012}}
hangul=정철|
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
hanja=鄭澈|
rr=Jeong Cheol|
mr=Chŏng Ch'ŏl|
}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Korean name|[[Jeong (Korean name)|Jeong]]}}
| name = Jeong Cheol<br />{{nobold|정철}}
'''Jeong Cheol''' (정철, 1536–1593) was a [[Korea]]n [[statesman]] and [[poet]]. He used the pen-names '''Gyeham'''(계함) and '''Songgang'''(송강), and studied under Kim Yunjae at [[Hwanbyeokdang]].
|image= 정철.jpg
|caption=

| office = [[Jwauijeong|Left State Councillor]]
| term_start = 13 March 1590
| term_end = 24 February 1591
| predecessor = [[Yi San-hae]]
| successor = [[Ryu Seong-ryong]]

| office1 = [[Uuijeong|Right State Councillor]]
| term_start1 = 8 December 1589
| term_end1 = March 1590
| predecessor1 = Jeong Eon-sin
| successor1 = Sim Su-gyeong

| birth_date = {{birth date|1536|12|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1594|2|7|1536|12|18|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| country = Joseon

| module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes
|hangul=정철
|hanja=鄭澈
|rr=Jeong Cheol
|mr=Chŏng Ch'ŏl
}}
}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Jeong (Korean name)|Jeong]]||lang=Korean}}
'''Jeong Cheol''' ({{Korean|hangul=정철|hanja=鄭澈}}; 18 December 1536 – 7 February 1594) was a [[Korea]]n [[politician|statesman]] and [[poet]]. He used the pen-names '''Gyeham''' ({{Korean|hangul=계함|labels=no}}) and '''Songgang''' ({{Korean|hangul=송강|labels=no}}), and studied under Kim Yunjae at [[Hwanbyeokdang]]. He was expelled by the [[Easterners (Korean political faction)|Easterners]]. He was from the Yeonil Jeong clan ({{Korean|hangul=연일 정씨|hanja=延日 鄭氏|labels=no}}).

== Family ==
* Grandfather
** Jeong Woe ({{Korean|hangul=정위|hanja=鄭潙|labels=no}})
* Father
** Jeong Yu-chim ({{Korean|hangul=정유침|hanja=鄭惟沈|labels=no}})
* Mother
** Lady Ahn of the [[Juksan Ahn clan]] ({{Korean|hangul=죽산 안씨|hanja=竹山 安氏|labels=no}})
* Siblings
** Older brother - Jeong So ({{Korean|hangul=정소|hanja=鄭沼|labels=no}})
** Older sister - Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Yeonil Jeong clan ({{Korean|hangul=귀인 정씨|labels=no}}; August 1520 – 25 March 1566)
*** Brother-in-law - [[Injong of Joseon|King Injong of Joseon]] ({{Korean|hangul=조선 인종|labels=no}}; 10 March 1515 – 7 August 1545)
** Older sister - Princess Consort Ohcheon of the Yeonil Jeong clan ({{Korean|hangul=오천군부인 연일 정씨|hanja=烏川郡夫人 延日 鄭氏|labels=no}})
*** Brother-in-law - Yi Yu, Prince Gyerim ({{Korean|hangul=계림군 유|hanja=桂林君 瑠|labels=no}})<ref>Grandson of [[Grand Prince Wolsan]], [[Queen Insu]]’s great-grandson and [[Queen Janggyeong (Joseon)|Queen Janggyeong]]’s nephew</ref>
**** Nephew - Yi Si ({{Korean|hangul=연양정 이시|hanja=延陽正 李諟|labels=no}})
* Wives and their children
** Lady Ryu of the [[Munhwa Ryu clan]] ({{Korean|hangul=문화 류씨|hanja=文化 柳氏|labels=no}})
*** Son - Jeong Ki-myeong ({{Korean|hangul=정기명|hanja=鄭振溟|labels=no}}; ?–1589)
**** Grandson - Jeong Woon ({{Korean|hangul=정운|hanja=鄭沄|labels=no}})
*** Son - Jeong Jong-myeong ({{Korean|hangul=정종명|hanja=鄭宗溟|labels=no}})
**** Grandson - Jeong Jik ({{Korean|hangul=정직|hanja=鄭溭|labels=no}})
**** Grandson - Jeong Su ({{Korean|hangul=정수|hanja=鄭洙|labels=no}})
**** Grandson - Jeong Yeon ({{Korean|hangul=정연|hanja=鄭沇|labels=no}})
**** Grandson - Jeong Yang ({{Korean|hangul=정양|hanja=鄭瀁|labels=no}}; 1600–1662)
**** Grandson - Jeong Jeon ({{Korean|hangul=정전|hanja=鄭淟|labels=no}})
*** Son - Jeong Jin-myeong ({{Korean|hangul=정진명|hanja=鄭振溟|labels=no}})
*** Son - Jeong Hong-myeong ({{Korean|hangul=정홍명|hanja=鄭弘溟|labels=no}}; 7 March 1582 – 2 October 1650)<ref>[[Gim Jangsaeng|Kim Jang-saeng]] was his teacher</ref>
**** Grandson - Jeong Yi ({{Korean|hangul=정이|hanja=鄭涖|labels=no}})
** Concubine - Jin-ok ({{Korean|hangul=기녀 진옥|hanja=眞玉|labels=no}})
** Concubine - Lady Kang-ah ({{Korean|hangul=강아|hanja=江娥|labels=no}})


==Literary works==
==Literary works==
He is prominent in the [[gasa (poetry)|gasa]] and the [[sijo]], which are forms of classical [[Korean poetry]].
He is prominent in the [[gasa (poetry)|gasa]] and the [[sijo]], which are forms of classical [[Korean poetry]].


The following two poems are an exchange between Jeong Cheol and the [[gisaeng]] Jinok. Jeong is playing on Jinok's name, which means Genuine Gem. First he calls her a gem (ok; 玉), then suggests she is an imitation (beon-ok; 燔玉) and finally finds her to be genuine (jin-ok; 眞玉).
*Gwandong Byeolgok (the Song of the Sceneries of the [[Gwandong]]).
{{Verse translation|italicsoff=y|
*Samiingok (Mindful of My Seemly Lord).
{{lang|ko|옥(玉)이 옥(玉)이라 커늘 번옥(燔玉)으로 여겼더니
*Songgang Gasa (Songgang's Prose Poetry Book).
이제야 보아하니 진옥(眞玉)일시 분명하다
나에게 살 송곳 있으니 뚫어볼까 하노라}}
|
Gem, oh, they talk of a gem
but I thought it an imitation.
Now I know for certain
it is a genuine gem.
My thrusting gimlet
will carry you with me.
- Jeong Cheol to Jinok<ref name="Hangul Herald_2008_10-13"/>}}

Jinok replies by playing on the name of Jeong Cheol (鄭澈), first calling him iron (cheol; 鐵), then suggesting he might be false iron (seop-cheol; 攝鐵) and finally discovering he is genuine iron (jeong cheol; 正鐵). Unquestionably bawdy, this exchange is one of the finest examples of satire in [[sijo]] — a poetic form that placed high value on wit, [[double entendre]] and [[word play]].
{{Verse translation|italicsoff=y|
{{lang|ko|철(鐵)이 철(鐵)이라커늘 섭철(攝鐵)로만 여겼더니
이제야 보아하니 정철(正鐵)일시 분명하다
나에게 골풀무 있으니 녹여볼까 하노라}}
|
Iron, oh, they talk of iron
but I thought it false.
Now I know for certain
it is true iron.
My pair of bellows
will smelt it.
- Jinok to Jeong Cheol<ref name="Hangul Herald_2008_10-13"/>}}

Other Works:

* ''Gwandong Byeolgok'' (The Song of the Sceneries of the [[Gwandong]]).
* ''Samiingok'' (Mindful of My Seemly Lord).
* ''Songgang Gasa'' (Songgang's Prose Poetry Book).

==Popular culture==
*Portrayed by Park-woong in the 1995 [[KBS2]] TV Series ''[[West Palace]]''.
* Portrayed by [[Joo Jin-mo (actor, born 1958)|Joo Jin-mo]] in the 2014 [[KBS2]] TV series ''[[The King's Face]]''.
* Portrayed by Sun Dong-Hyuk in the 2015 [[KBS2]] TV series ''The Jingbirok: A Memoir of Imjin War.''

==Legacy==
*A [[Chŏng Ch'ŏl (crater)|crater]] on Mercury was named after him in 1979.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of Korea-related topics]]
*[[Korean literature]]
*[[Korean literature]]
*[[List of Koreans]]
*[[Joseon Dynasty]]
*[[Joseon Dynasty]]


==References==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{reflist|refs=
| NAME = Jeong, Cheol
<ref name="Hangul Herald_2008_10-13">[[David "Race" Bannon|David Bannon]], [https://sites.google.com/site/atakoreanlanguagedivision/kld-newsletter/Hangul%20Herald%20Fall%202008.pdf?attredirects=0 “Sijo Poetry of Korean Kisaeng,”] ''Hangul Herald'', Fall 2008: 10-13. Excerpted and used with permission.</ref>
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Poet
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1536
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1593
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeong, Cheol}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeong, Cheol}}
[[Category:1536 births|Jeong Cheol]]
[[Category:1536 births]]
[[Category:1593 deaths|Jeong Cheol]]
[[Category:1594 deaths]]
[[Category:Joseon Dynasty writers]]
[[Category:Korean male poets]]
[[Category:16th-century Korean poets]]
[[Category:Joseon politicians]]




{{korea-bio-stub}}
{{Korea-poet-stub}}
{{Korea-poet-stub}}

[[ko:정철]]
[[it:Chŏng Ch'ŏl]]
[[ja:鄭澈]]
[[ro:Jeong Cheol]]
[[ru:Чон Чхоль]]
[[sv:Jeong Cheol]]
[[zh:鄭澈]]

Latest revision as of 00:11, 26 March 2024

Jeong Cheol
정철
Left State Councillor
In office
13 March 1590 – 24 February 1591
Preceded byYi San-hae
Succeeded byRyu Seong-ryong
Right State Councillor
In office
8 December 1589 – March 1590
Preceded byJeong Eon-sin
Succeeded bySim Su-gyeong
Personal details
Born(1536-12-18)18 December 1536
Died7 February 1594(1594-02-07) (aged 57)
Korean name
Hangul
정철
Hanja
鄭澈
Revised RomanizationJeong Cheol
McCune–ReischauerChŏng Ch'ŏl
In this Korean name, the family name is Jeong.

Jeong Cheol (Korean: 정철; Hanja: 鄭澈; 18 December 1536 – 7 February 1594) was a Korean statesman and poet. He used the pen-names Gyeham (계함) and Songgang (송강), and studied under Kim Yunjae at Hwanbyeokdang. He was expelled by the Easterners. He was from the Yeonil Jeong clan (연일 정씨; 延日 鄭氏).

Family

[edit]
  • Grandfather
    • Jeong Woe (정위; 鄭潙)
  • Father
    • Jeong Yu-chim (정유침; 鄭惟沈)
  • Mother
  • Siblings
    • Older brother - Jeong So (정소; 鄭沼)
    • Older sister - Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Yeonil Jeong clan (귀인 정씨; August 1520 – 25 March 1566)
    • Older sister - Princess Consort Ohcheon of the Yeonil Jeong clan (오천군부인 연일 정씨; 烏川郡夫人 延日 鄭氏)
      • Brother-in-law - Yi Yu, Prince Gyerim (계림군 유; 桂林君 瑠)[1]
        • Nephew - Yi Si (연양정 이시; 延陽正 李諟)
  • Wives and their children
    • Lady Ryu of the Munhwa Ryu clan (문화 류씨; 文化 柳氏)
      • Son - Jeong Ki-myeong (정기명; 鄭振溟; ?–1589)
        • Grandson - Jeong Woon (정운; 鄭沄)
      • Son - Jeong Jong-myeong (정종명; 鄭宗溟)
        • Grandson - Jeong Jik (정직; 鄭溭)
        • Grandson - Jeong Su (정수; 鄭洙)
        • Grandson - Jeong Yeon (정연; 鄭沇)
        • Grandson - Jeong Yang (정양; 鄭瀁; 1600–1662)
        • Grandson - Jeong Jeon (정전; 鄭淟)
      • Son - Jeong Jin-myeong (정진명; 鄭振溟)
      • Son - Jeong Hong-myeong (정홍명; 鄭弘溟; 7 March 1582 – 2 October 1650)[2]
        • Grandson - Jeong Yi (정이; 鄭涖)
    • Concubine - Jin-ok (기녀 진옥; 眞玉)
    • Concubine - Lady Kang-ah (강아; 江娥)

Literary works

[edit]

He is prominent in the gasa and the sijo, which are forms of classical Korean poetry.

The following two poems are an exchange between Jeong Cheol and the gisaeng Jinok. Jeong is playing on Jinok's name, which means Genuine Gem. First he calls her a gem (ok; 玉), then suggests she is an imitation (beon-ok; 燔玉) and finally finds her to be genuine (jin-ok; 眞玉).

Jinok replies by playing on the name of Jeong Cheol (鄭澈), first calling him iron (cheol; 鐵), then suggesting he might be false iron (seop-cheol; 攝鐵) and finally discovering he is genuine iron (jeong cheol; 正鐵). Unquestionably bawdy, this exchange is one of the finest examples of satire in sijo — a poetic form that placed high value on wit, double entendre and word play.

Other Works:

  • Gwandong Byeolgok (The Song of the Sceneries of the Gwandong).
  • Samiingok (Mindful of My Seemly Lord).
  • Songgang Gasa (Songgang's Prose Poetry Book).
[edit]

Legacy

[edit]
  • A crater on Mercury was named after him in 1979.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Grandson of Grand Prince Wolsan, Queen Insu’s great-grandson and Queen Janggyeong’s nephew
  2. ^ Kim Jang-saeng was his teacher
  3. ^ a b David Bannon, “Sijo Poetry of Korean Kisaeng,” Hangul Herald, Fall 2008: 10-13. Excerpted and used with permission.


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