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{{short description|Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer}}
{{short description|Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer}}
{{More citations needed|date= July 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date= July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
{{Infobox writer
| name = Suryakant Tripathi
| name = Suryakant Tripathi
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| caption = Tripathi on a 1976 stamp of India
| caption = Tripathi on a 1976 stamp of India
| pseudonym = Nirala
| pseudonym = Nirala
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1897|2|21}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1899|2|21}}
| birth_place = [[Midnapore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| birth_place = [[Midnapore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1961|10|15|1897|2|21}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1961|10|15|1897|2|21}}
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}}
}}


'''Suryakant Tripathi''' "'''Nirala'''" (21 February 1897 – 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer who wrote in [[Hindi]]. He also drew many sketches.
'''Suryakant Tripathi''' "'''Nirala'''" (21 February 1899 – 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer who wrote in [[Hindi]]. He was also an artist, who drew many contemporary sketches.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Tripathi was born on 21 February 1897 in [[Medinipur]] in [[Bengal]].<ref name="unnao"/> Nirala's father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government servant and was a tyrannical person. His mother died when he was very young. Nirala was educated in the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] medium at Mahishadal Raj High School at [[Mahishadal]], Purba Medinipur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/MahishadalRajCollege/Mahishadal_Raj_College.shtml |title = Mahishadal Raj College | publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 9 April 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, he shifted to [[Lucknow]] and thence to village Gadhakola of [[Unnao district]], to which his father originally belonged.<ref name="unnao"/> Growing up, he gained inspiration from personalities like [[Ramakrishna Paramhansa]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], and [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="unnao"/>
Tripathi was born on 21 February 1899 at [[Mahishadal]] in [[Midnapore]] in [[Bengal Presidency]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566349-5 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGwaAQAAIAAJ&q=Surya+Kant+Ttipathi+1899 |quote=Sharma makes out a good case for 1899 as the year of Nirala's birth rather than 1896 or 1897, as most historians have it.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bandopadhyay |first1=Manohar |title=Lives and Works of Great Hindi Poets |date=1994 |publisher=B.R. Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7018-786-8 |page=102 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1OZjAAAAMAAJ&q=SURYA+KANT+TRIPATHI+21+February+1899 |quote=He was born on February 21, 1899 at Mahishadal in Mednapur}}</ref> into a [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]] family.<ref name="Mehrotra">{{cite book |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Arvind Krishna |title=Last Bungalow: Writings on Allahabad |date=12 December 2006 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-93-5214-094-7 |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNgvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT197 |language=en}}</ref> Nirala's father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government servant and was a tyrannical person. His mother died when he was very young. Nirala was educated in the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] medium at Mahishadal Raj High School at [[Mahishadal]], a princely state in Purba Medinipur.<ref name="Mehrotra"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/MahishadalRajCollege/Mahishadal_Raj_College.shtml |title = Mahishadal Raj College | publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 9 April 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, he shifted to [[Lucknow]] and thence to village Gadhakola of [[Unnao district]], to which his father originally belonged.<ref name="unnao"/> Growing up, he gained inspiration from personalities like [[Ramakrishna Paramhansa]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], and [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="unnao"/>


After his marriage at the age of 20, Nirala learned [[Hindi]] at the insistence of his wife, Manohara Devi. Soon, he started writing poems in Hindi, instead of Bengali. After a bad childhood, Nirala had a few good years with his wife. But this phase was short-lived as his wife died when he was 22, and later his daughter (who was a widow) also expired. Nirala lost half of his family, including his wife and daughter, in [[1918 flu pandemic in India|1918 Spanish flu influenza outbreak]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Avijit |title=How literature has helped us make sense of pandemics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-literature-has-helped-us-make-sense-of-pandemics/articleshow/74841225.cms |access-date=19 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=References to death and disease in Hindi literature |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/references-to-death-and-disease-in-hindi-literature-6357805/ |access-date=19 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
After his marriage at the age of 20, Nirala learned [[Hindi]] at the insistence of his wife, Manohara Devi. Soon, he started writing poems in Hindi, instead of Bengali. After a bad childhood, Nirala had a few good years with his wife. But this phase was short-lived as his wife died when he was 22, and later his daughter (who was a widow) also expired. Nirala lost half of his family, including his wife and daughter, in the [[1918 flu pandemic in India|1918 Spanish flu influenza outbreak]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Avijit |title=How literature has helped us make sense of pandemics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-literature-has-helped-us-make-sense-of-pandemics/articleshow/74841225.cms |access-date=19 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=References to death and disease in Hindi literature |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/references-to-death-and-disease-in-hindi-literature-6357805/ |access-date=19 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


Most of his life was somewhat in the [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] tradition. He wrote strongly against social injustice and exploitation in society. Since he was more or less a rebel, both in form and content, acceptance did not come easily. What he got in plenty was ridicule and derision. All this may have played a role in making him a victim of [[schizophrenia]] in his later life and he was admitted to [[Central Institute of Psychiatry]], Ranchi.<ref>{{cite news |title=निराला, नज़रुल, मजाज़ भी रहे हैं रांची पागलखाने में |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-39967752 |access-date=19 February 2022 |work=BBC |date=19 May 2017 |language=hi}}</ref>
Most of his life was somewhat in the [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] tradition. He wrote strongly against social injustice and exploitation in society. Since he was more or less a rebel, both in form and content, acceptance did not come easily. What he got in plenty was ridicule and derision. All this may have played a role in making him a victim of [[schizophrenia]] in his later life and he was admitted to [[Central Institute of Psychiatry]], [[Ranchi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=निराला, नज़रुल, मजाज़ भी रहे हैं रांची पागलखाने में |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-39967752 |access-date=19 February 2022 |work=BBC |date=19 May 2017 |language=hi}}</ref>


== Work ==
== Work ==
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Today, a park, ''Nirala Uddyan'', an auditorium, ''Nirala Prekshagrah'', and a degree college, ''Mahapran Nirala Degree College'', in the [[Unnao district|Unnao District]] are named after him.<ref name="unnao">[http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm Famous Personalities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084339/http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm |date=16 October 2013 }} [[Unnao district]] Official website.</ref>
Today, a park, ''Nirala Uddyan'', an auditorium, ''Nirala Prekshagrah'', and a degree college, ''Mahapran Nirala Degree College'', in the [[Unnao district|Unnao District]] are named after him.<ref name="unnao">[http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm Famous Personalities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084339/http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm |date=16 October 2013 }} [[Unnao district]] Official website.</ref>


The Daraganj Suburb (Pin code 210006 for Nirala Chowk post office) of Prayagraj has its main landmark named after him as Nirala Chowk or Adda with a bust of Nirala installed. About a kilometer from there in Baksi Khurd is the residence of Nirala where his grand-children and great grand children still reside.

== Legacy ==
=== In popular culture ===
=== In popular culture ===
The [[Films Division of India]] produced a [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] on his life, titled ''Suryakant Tripathi Nirala'', directed by Rajiv Kumar. It covers his works and achievements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SURYAKANT TRIPATHI NIRALA {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/suryakant-tripathi-nirala|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>
The [[Films Division of India]] produced a [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] on his life, titled ''Suryakant Tripathi Nirala'', directed by Rajiv Kumar. It covers his works and achievements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SURYAKANT TRIPATHI NIRALA {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/suryakant-tripathi-nirala|access-date=12 June 2021|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
Eugenia Vanina notes ‘Mahārāj Śivājī kā patr Mirzā Rājā Jai Siṅgh ke nām’ to endear its audience into Hindu Nationalism.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vanina|first=Eugenia|date=2020-09-14|title='Blackened face': Emotional Community and the Hindu Nationalist Interpretation of History|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ehcs/4/1/article-p66_6.xml|journal=Emotions: History, Culture, Society|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=66–90|doi=10.1163/2208522X-02010078|issn=2206-7485}}</ref>


== Works ==
== Works ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nirala, Suryakant Tripathi}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nirala, Suryakant Tripathi}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
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[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:People from Unnao]]
[[Category:People from Unnao]]
[[Category:People from Allahabad]]
[[Category:People from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Writers from Allahabad]]
[[Category:Writers from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Revision as of 13:14, 26 March 2024

Suryakant Tripathi
Suryakant Tripathi
Tripathi on a 1976 stamp of India
Born(1899-02-21)21 February 1899
Midnapore, Bengal Presidency, British India
Died15 October 1961(1961-10-15) (aged 64)
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Pen nameNirala
Occupation
  • Writer
  • poet
  • essayist
  • novelist
NationalityIndian
PeriodChhayavaad
Notable worksSaroj Smriti, Raam Ki Shaktipuja
SpouseManohara Devi
Literature portal

Suryakant Tripathi "Nirala" (21 February 1899 – 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer who wrote in Hindi. He was also an artist, who drew many contemporary sketches.

Biography

Tripathi was born on 21 February 1899 at Mahishadal in Midnapore in Bengal Presidency[1][2] into a Kanyakubja Brahmin family.[3] Nirala's father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government servant and was a tyrannical person. His mother died when he was very young. Nirala was educated in the Bengali medium at Mahishadal Raj High School at Mahishadal, a princely state in Purba Medinipur.[3][4] Subsequently, he shifted to Lucknow and thence to village Gadhakola of Unnao district, to which his father originally belonged.[5] Growing up, he gained inspiration from personalities like Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore.[5]

After his marriage at the age of 20, Nirala learned Hindi at the insistence of his wife, Manohara Devi. Soon, he started writing poems in Hindi, instead of Bengali. After a bad childhood, Nirala had a few good years with his wife. But this phase was short-lived as his wife died when he was 22, and later his daughter (who was a widow) also expired. Nirala lost half of his family, including his wife and daughter, in the 1918 Spanish flu influenza outbreak.[6][7]

Most of his life was somewhat in the bohemian tradition. He wrote strongly against social injustice and exploitation in society. Since he was more or less a rebel, both in form and content, acceptance did not come easily. What he got in plenty was ridicule and derision. All this may have played a role in making him a victim of schizophrenia in his later life and he was admitted to Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi.[8]

Work

Many of Nirala's poems were translated by David Rubin, and are available in the collections, A Season on the Earth: Selected Poems of Nirala (Columbia University Press, 1977), The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets (Oxford University Press, 1993), and Of Love and War: A Chayavad Anthology (Oxford University Press, 2005). Nirala : Aatmhanta Astha was a critical analysis of his works written by Doodhnath Singh.[9]

Legacy

Today, a park, Nirala Uddyan, an auditorium, Nirala Prekshagrah, and a degree college, Mahapran Nirala Degree College, in the Unnao District are named after him.[5]

The Films Division of India produced a short documentary film on his life, titled Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, directed by Rajiv Kumar. It covers his works and achievements.[10]

Reception

Works

Poetry

  • Ram Ki Shakti Puja (राम की शक्ति पूजा)
  • Dhwani (ध्वनि)
  • Apara (अपरा)
  • Saroj Smriti (सरोज स्मृति)
  • Parimal (परिमल)
  • Priyatam (प्रियतम)
  • Anaamika (अनामिका, 1938)
  • Geetika (गीतिका)
  • Kukurmutta (कुकुरमुत्ता, 1941)
  • Adima (अणिमा)
  • Bela (बेला)
  • Naye Patte (नये पत्ते)
  • Archana (अर्चना)
  • Geet Gunj (गीतगुंज)
  • Aradhana (आराधना)
  • Tulsidas (तुलसीदास, 1938)
  • Janmabhumi (जन्मभूमि)
  • Jago Phir Ek Bar (जागो फिर एक बार)
  • Bhikshuk (भिक्षुक)
  • Todti Patthar (तोड़ती पत्थर)

Novels

  • Apsara (अप्सरा)
  • Alka (अलका)
  • Prabhavati (प्रभावती)
  • Nirupama (निरुपमा)
  • Chameli (चमेली)
  • Choti ki Pakad (चोटी की पकड़)
  • Indulekha (इन्दुलेखा)
  • Kale Karname (काले कारनामे)

Collections of stories

  • Chhaturi Chamar (चतुरी चमार)
  • Sukul ki Biwi (सुकुल की बीवी, 1941)
  • Sakhi (साखी)
  • Lily (लिली)
  • Devi (देवी)

Essay-collections

  • Prabandha-Parichaya (प्रबंध परिचय)
  • Bangbhasha ka Uchcharan (बंगभाषा का उच्चारण)
  • Ravindra-Kavita-Kannan (रवीन्द्र-कविता-कानन)
  • Prabandh-Padya (प्रबंध पद्य)
  • Prabandh-Pratima (प्रबंध प्रतिमा)
  • Chabuk (चाबुक)
  • Chayan (चयन)
  • Sangraha (संग्रह)

Prose

  • Kullibhat (कुल्लीभाट)
  • Billesur Bakriha (बिल्लेसुर बकरिहा)

Translations

  • Anand Math (आनन्दमठ)
  • Vish-Vriksh (विष वृक्ष)
  • Krishnakant ka Vil (कृष्णकांत का विल)
  • Kapal Kundala (कपाल कुण्डला)
  • Durgesh Nandini (दुर्गेश नन्दिनी)
  • Raj Singh (राज सिंह)
  • Raj Rani (राज रानी)
  • Devi Chaudharani (देवी चौधरानी)
  • Yuglanguliya (युगलांगुलीय)
  • Chandrasekhar (चन्द्रशेखर)
  • Rajni (रजनी)
  • Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit (श्री रामकृष्ण वचनामृत)
  • Bharat mein Vivekanand (भारत में विवेकानंद)
  • Rajyog (राजयोग)

References

  1. ^ The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets. Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-19-566349-5. Sharma makes out a good case for 1899 as the year of Nirala's birth rather than 1896 or 1897, as most historians have it.
  2. ^ Bandopadhyay, Manohar (1994). Lives and Works of Great Hindi Poets. B.R. Publishing House. p. 102. ISBN 978-81-7018-786-8. He was born on February 21, 1899 at Mahishadal in Mednapur
  3. ^ a b Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna (12 December 2006). Last Bungalow: Writings on Allahabad. Penguin Books Limited. p. 197. ISBN 978-93-5214-094-7.
  4. ^ "Mahishadal Raj College". College Admission. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  5. ^ a b c Famous Personalities Archived 16 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Unnao district Official website.
  6. ^ Ghosh, Avijit (27 March 2020). "How literature has helped us make sense of pandemics". The Times of India. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  7. ^ Chishti, Seema (12 April 2020). "References to death and disease in Hindi literature". The Indian Express. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  8. ^ "निराला, नज़रुल, मजाज़ भी रहे हैं रांची पागलखाने में". BBC (in Hindi). 19 May 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Nirala : Aatmhanta Astha". Rajkamal Prakashan. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  10. ^ "SURYAKANT TRIPATHI NIRALA | Films Division". filmsdivision.org. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
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