Faroe Islanders: Difference between revisions

Faroese people
*føroyingar*
	Faroese folk dancers in national costumes
Total population
	c. 70,000
Regions with significant populations
Färöer Inseln	≈50,000
Dänemark	21,687
Norwegen	1,981[dubious – discuss]
Languages
	Faroese; Danish (Gøtudanskt)
Religion
	Lutheranism (Church of the Faroe Islands); Historically also the Norse religion and Roman Catholicism (1000–1538)
Related ethnic groups
	Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Icelanders, Celts

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Faroese people or Faroe Islanders (Faroese: føroyingar; Danish: færinger) are an ethnic group native to the Faroe Islands.^[4] The Faroese are of mixed Norse and Gaelic origins.^[5] About 21,000 Faroese live in neighbouring countries, particularly in Denmark, Iceland and Norway. Most Faroese are citizens of the Kingdom of Denmark, in which the Faroe Islands are a constituent nation. The Faroese language is one of the North Germanic languages and is closely related to Icelandic and to western Norwegian varieties.

Origins

Elderly Faroese couple in the 1940s, wearing their traditional 'Sunday dress' for Church

The first known settlers of the Faroe Islands were Gaelic hermits and monks who arrived in the 6th century.^[6]

The Norse-Gaels started going to the island in the ninth century; they brought Norse culture and language to the islands with them. Little is known about this period, thus giving room for speculation. A single source mentions early settlement, the Icelandic Færeyinga saga. It was written sometime around 1200 and explains events taking place approximately 300 years prior. According to the saga, many Norsemen objected to the Norwegian king's unification politics and thus fled to other countries, including the newfound places in the west.^{[citation needed]}

Historians have understood since the time of the Færeyinga saga that the Viking Grímur Kamban was the first settler in the Faroes. The Norwegians must have known about the isles before leaving Norway. If Grímur Kamban had settled sometime earlier, this could explain the Norwegians' knowledge of them. Another, more logical explanation might be that the Gaels of Scotland and Ireland told the Norwegians of the islands.^{[citation needed]}

While Grímur is an Old Norse first name, Kamban indicates a Celtic origin. Thus, he could have been a man from Ireland, Scotland or Isle of Man, where the Vikings already had settlements. Some place names from the oldest settlements on the Faroes suggest that some of the settlers perhaps came from the Scottish islands and the British coast.

Y chromosomes, tracing male descent, are 87% Scandinavian,^[7] but mitochondrial DNA, tracing female descent, is 84% Celtic.^[5]

References

^ According to a 2009 estimate, the population of the Faroe Islands was 49,000, ~92% of that population was Faroese born, which is approximately 45,000. (See demographics of the Faroe Islands)
^ Politiken Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 2006 (newspaper written in Danish)
^ "Table 5 Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2009". www.ssb.no. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
^ Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 769. ISBN 0313309841. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b Als, T. D.; Jorgensen, T. H.; Børglum, A. D.; Petersen, P. A.; Mors, O.; Wang, A. G. (2006). "Highly discrepant proportions of female and male Scandinavian and British Isles ancestry within the isolated population of the Faroe Islands". European Journal of Human Genetics. 14 (4): 497–504. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201578. PMID 16434998.
^ "20 things you didn't know about The Faroe Islands – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ Jorgensen, T. H.; Buttenschön, H. N.; Wang, A. G.; Als, T. D.; Børglum, A. D.; Ewald, H. (2004). "The origin of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands investigated using Y chromosomal markers". Human Genetics. 115 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1007/s00439-004-1117-7. PMID 15083358. S2CID 6040039.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Ethnic group and nation native to the Faroe Islands}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
 {{Infobox ethnic group
 | group            = Faroese people<br />''føroyingar''
 | image            = [[Image:Faroese folk dance club from vagar.jpg|border|250px]]
-| caption          = Faroese folk dancers from the island of [[Vágar]] in national costumes
+| caption          = Faroese folk dancers in national costumes
 | population       = {{circa}} 70,000
 | region1          = {{flagcountry|Faroe Islands}}
-| pop1             = {{circa}} 50,000
+| pop1             = ≈50,000
 | ref1             = <ref>According to a 2009 estimate, the population of the Faroe Islands was 49,000, ~92% of that population was Faroese born, which is approximately 45,000. (See [[demographics of the Faroe Islands]])</ref>
 | region2          = {{flagcountry|Denmark}}
 | pop2             = 21,687
-| ref2             = <ref name="Denmark">[http://politiken.dk/indland/article166953.ece Politiken] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204453/http://politiken.dk/indland/article166953.ece|date=3 March 2016 }}, 2006 (newspaper written in [[Danish language|Danish]])</ref>
+| ref2             = <ref name="Denmark">[http://politiken.dk/indland/article166953.ece Politiken] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204453/http://politiken.dk/indland/article166953.ece |date=3 March 2016 }}, 2006 (newspaper written in [[Danish language|Danish]])</ref>
 | region3          = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
 | pop3             = 1,981
-| ref3             = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/a/english/kortnavn/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-05-en.html|title=Table 5 Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2009|website=www.ssb.no|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-date=20 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820201122/https://www.ssb.no/a/english/kortnavn/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-05-en.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=March 2022|reason=Source appears to measure how many people immigrated from any given country/region to Norway, not necessarily how many people of a certain ethnicity immigrated to Norway}}
+| ref3             = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/a/english/kortnavn/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-05-en.html|title=Table 5 Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2009|website=www.ssb.no|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-date=20 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820201122/https://www.ssb.no/a/english/kortnavn/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-05-en.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=March 2022|reason=Source appears to measure how many people immigrated from any given country/region to Norway, not necessarily how many people of a certain ethnicity immigrated to Norway}}
-| langs            = [[Faroese language|Faroese]], [[Danish language|Danish]] ([[Gøtudanskt accent]])<br />Historically: [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] as well
+| langs            = [[Faroese language|Faroese]]<br>[[Danish language|Danish]] ([[Gøtudanskt]])
-| rels             = [[Lutheranism|Evangelical Lutheranism]] ([[Church of the Faroe Islands]])<br />Historically also the [[Old Norse religion|Norse paganism]] and [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] (1000–1538)
+| rels             = [[Lutheranism]] ([[Church of the Faroe Islands]])<br />Historically also the [[Norse religion]] and [[Roman Catholicism]] (1000–1538)
-| related          = [[Danes]], [[Norwegians]], [[Swedes]], [[Icelanders]], [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Scottish people|Scots]], and [[Celts (modern)|Celts]] in general
+| related          = [[Danes]], [[Norwegians]], [[Swedes]], [[Icelanders]], [[Celts (modern)|Celts]]
 }}
 {{Culture of the Faroe Islands}}
+'''Faroese people''' or '''Faroe Islanders''' ({{lang-fo|føroyingar}}; {{lang-da|færinger}}) are an [[ethnic group]] [[Ethnic groups in Europe|native]] to the [[Faroe Islands]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |title=One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC |access-date=25 May 2013 |year=2000 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=0313309841 |page=769 |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116024421/https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC |url-status=live }}</ref> The Faroese are of [[Norse–Gaels|mixed]] [[Norsemen|Norse]] and [[Gaels|Gaelic]] origins.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last1 = Als | first1 = T. D. | last2 = Jorgensen | first2 = T. H. | last3 = Børglum | first3 = A. D. | last4 = Petersen | first4 = P. A. | last5 = Mors | first5 = O. | last6 = Wang | first6 = A. G. | doi = 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201578 | title = Highly discrepant proportions of female and male Scandinavian and British Isles ancestry within the isolated population of the Faroe Islands | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 497–504 | year = 2006 | pmid =  16434998| doi-access = free }}</ref>
+About 21,000 Faroese live in neighbouring countries, particularly in [[Denmark]], [[Iceland]] and  [[Norway]]. Most Faroese are citizens of the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]], in which the [[Faroe Islands]] are a constituent nation. The [[Faroese language]] is one of the [[North Germanic languages]] and is closely related to [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] and to western [[Norwegian language|Norwegian varieties]].
+==Origins==
-'''Faroese people''' or '''Faroe Islanders''' ({{lang-fo|føroyingar}}; {{lang-da|færinger}}) are an [[ethnic group]] [[Ethnic groups in Europe|native]] to the [[Faroe Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Minahan|first=James|title=One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC|access-date=25 May 2013|year=2000|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=0313309841|page=769|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116024421/https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC|url-status=live}}</ref> The Faroese are of [[Norse–Gaels|mixed]] [[Norsemen|Norse]] and [[Gaels|Gaelic]] origins, as are the [[Icelanders]] with whom they are closely related.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Als|first1=T. D.|last2=Jorgensen|first2=T. H.|last3=Børglum|first3=A. D.|last4=Petersen|first4=P. A.|last5=Mors|first5=O.|last6=Wang|first6=A. G.|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201578|title=Highly discrepant proportions of female and male Scandinavian and British Isles ancestry within the isolated population of the Faroe Islands|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=14|issue=4|pages=497–504|year=2006|pmid=16434998|doi-access=free}}</ref>
+[[Image:Faroese-couple-ca1940-Múli-Faroe-Islands.jpg|thumb|left|Elderly Faroese couple in the 1940s, wearing their traditional 'Sunday dress' for Church]]
+[[Image:Faroese girls in costume.jpg|thumb|Three Faroese women wearing traditional regalia. The [[student cap]]s identify them as newly graduated.]]
-About 21,000 Faroese live in neighbouring countries, particularly in [[Denmark]], [[Iceland]], and [[Norway]]. Most Faroese are citizens of the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]], in which the [[Faroe Islands]] are a constituent nation. The [[Faroese language]] is one of the [[North Germanic languages]] and is closely related to [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] (including, most notably, a series of southwestern [[Norwegian dialects]]). In addition, the Faroese language is one of the two North Germanic languages which are most closest related to [[Old Norse]] from which both were descended.
+[[File:Ólavsøka 2012 at Tinghúsvøllur in Tórshavn.JPG|thumb|Faroese politicians, priests and choir in front of the [[Løgting]] (Parliament), [[Ólavsøka]] 2012]]
+The first known settlers of the Faroe Islands were [[Gaels|Gaelic]] [[hermit]]s and [[monk]]s who arrived in the 6th century.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-faroe-islands-30654747.html|title=20 things you didn't know about The Faroe Islands – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801133122/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-faroe-islands-30654747.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-== Origins and history ==
-The first known settlers of the Faroe Islands were [[Gaels|Gaelic]] [[hermit]]s and [[monk]]s who arrived in the 6th century, during the [[Early Middle Ages]], more specifically the [[Papar]], according to the [[Sagas of Icelanders|Icelandic sagas]], as it was the case of [[Iceland]] as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-faroe-islands-30654747.html|title=20 things you didn't know about The Faroe Islands – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801133122/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-faroe-islands-30654747.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-From the 9th century onwards, the [[Norse-Gaels]] came and brought [[Norsemen|Norse]] culture and language to the islands. Little is known about this period, thus giving room for speculation. A single source mentions early settlement, the Icelandic [[Færeyinga saga]] (i.e. the Saga of the Faroe Islands). It was written sometime around 1200 and explains events taking place approximately 300 years prior. According to the saga, many [[Norsemen]] objected to the [[Monarchy of Norway|Norwegian king]]'s unification politics (in the time of King [[Harald Finehair]], more specifically) and thus fled to other countries, including the newfound places in the west across the North [[Atlantic Ocean]].{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
+The [[Norse-Gaels]] started going to the island in the ninth century; they brought [[Norsemen|Norse]] culture and language to the islands with them. Little is known about this period, thus giving room for speculation. A single source mentions early settlement, the Icelandic [[Færeyinga saga]]. It was written sometime around 1200 and explains events taking place approximately 300 years prior. According to the saga, many [[Norsemen]] objected to the Norwegian king's unification politics and thus fled to other countries, including the newfound places in the west.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
-Historians have discovered the fact that, since the time of the Færeyinga saga, the [[Vikings|Viking]] [[Grímur Kamban]] was the first settler in the Faroes. The [[Norwegians]] must have known about the isles before leaving Norway. If Grímur Kamban had settled sometime earlier, this could explain the Norwegians' knowledge of them. Another, more logical explanation might be that the [[Gaels]] of [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] told the Norwegians of the islands.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
+Historians have understood since the time of the Færeyinga saga that the Viking [[Grímur Kamban]] was the first settler in the Faroes. The [[Norwegians]] must have known about the isles before leaving Norway. If Grímur Kamban had settled sometime earlier, this could explain the Norwegians' knowledge of them. Another, more logical explanation might be that the [[Gaels]] of Scotland and Ireland told the Norwegians of the islands.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
-While Grímur is an [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] first name, Kamban indicates a [[Celts|Celtic]]/Gaelic origin. Thus, he could have been a man from Ireland, Scotland or [[Isle of Man]], where the [[Norsemen]] already had settlements. Some place names from the oldest settlements on the Faroes suggest that some of the settlers perhaps came from the [[List of islands of Scotland|Scottish islands]] and parts of the [[Britain|British coast]] respectively.
+While Grímur is an [[Old Norse]] first name, Kamban indicates a Celtic origin. Thus, he could have been a man from Ireland, Scotland or [[Isle of Man]], where the Vikings already had settlements. Some place names from the oldest settlements on the Faroes suggest that some of the settlers perhaps came from the Scottish islands and the British coast.
-Y chromosomes, tracing male descent, are 87% [[Scandinavia]]n,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jorgensen|first1=T. H.|last2=Buttenschön|first2=H. N.|last3=Wang|first3=A. G.|last4=Als|first4=T. D.|last5=Børglum|first5=A. D.|last6=Ewald|first6=H.|doi=10.1007/s00439-004-1117-7|title=The origin of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands investigated using Y chromosomal markers|journal=Human Genetics|volume=115|issue=1|pages=19–28|year=2004|pmid=15083358|s2cid=6040039}}</ref> but [[mitochondrial DNA]], tracing female descent, is 84% [[Celts|Celtic]]/Gaelic from Ireland and Scotland.<ref name=":0" />
+Y chromosomes, tracing male descent, are 87% [[Scandinavia]]n,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Jorgensen | first1 = T. H. | last2 = Buttenschön | first2 = H. N. | last3 = Wang | first3 = A. G. | last4 = Als | first4 = T. D. | last5 = Børglum | first5 = A. D. | last6 = Ewald | first6 = H. | doi = 10.1007/s00439-004-1117-7 | title = The origin of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands investigated using Y chromosomal markers | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 115 | issue = 1 | pages = 19–28 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15083358| s2cid = 6040039 }}</ref> but [[mitochondrial DNA]], tracing female descent, is 84% [[Celts|Celtic]].<ref name=":0" />
-<gallery class=center>
-Faroese-couple-ca1940-Múli-Faroe-Islands.jpg|Elderly Faroese couple in the 1940s, wearing their traditional 'Sunday dress' for Church
-Faroese girls in costume.jpg|Three Faroese women wearing traditional regalia. The [[student cap]]s identify them as newly graduated.
-Ólavsøka 2012 at Tinghúsvøllur in Tórshavn.JPG|Faroese politicians, priests and choir in front of the [[Løgting]] (Parliament), [[Ólavsøka]] summer festival (2012)
-</gallery>
 ==See also==

Authority control databases
International	FAST
National	Israel Vereinigte Staaten

Latest revision as of 09:30, 28 March 2024

Origins

See also

References

Further reading