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James Darmesteter (28 March 1849 – 19 October 1894) was a French author, orientalist, and antiquarian.

Biography

He was born of Jewish parents at Château-Salins, in Lorraine. The family name had originated in their earlier home of Darmstadt. He was educated in Paris, where, under the guidance of Michel Bréal and Abel Bergaigne, he imbibed a love for Oriental studies, to which for a time he entirely devoted himself. In 1875, he published a thesis on the mythology of the Avesta, in which he advocated that the Persian religion of Zoroastrianism had been influenced by Judaism (and not that Zoroastrianism influenced Judaism as many scholars said).^[1] In 1877 became teacher of Persian language at the École des Hautes Études. He continued his research with his Études iraniennes (1883), and ten years later published a complete translation of the Avesta and associated Zend (lit. "commentary"), with historical and philological commentary of his own (Zend Avesta, 3 vols., 1892–1893) in the Annales du Musée Guimet. He also edited the Avesta for Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East series (vols. 4 and 23).^[2]

Darmesteter regarded the extant texts as far more recent than commonly believed, placing the earliest in the 1st century BC and the bulk in the 3rd century AD. In 1885 he was appointed professor in the Collège de France, and was sent to India in 1886 on a mission to collect the popular songs of the Afghans, a translation of which, with a valuable essay on the Afghan language and literature, he published on his return. His impressions of British rule in India were conveyed in Lettres sur l'Inde (1888). England interested him deeply; and his attachment to the gifted English writer, Agnes Mary Frances Robinson, whom he shortly afterwards married (and who in 1901 became the wife of Professor E. Duclaux, director of the Pasteur Institute at Paris), led him to translate her poems into French in 1888. Two years after his death a collection of excellent essays on English subjects was published in English. He also wrote Le Mahdi depuis les origines de l'Islam jusqu'a nos jours (1885); Les Origines de la poesie persane (1888); Prophètes d'Israel (1892), and other books on topics connected with the East, and from 1883 onwards drew up the annual reports of the Société Asiatique. He had just become connected with the Revue de Paris, when his delicate constitution succumbed to a slight attack of illness on 10 October 1894 at Maisons-Laffitte.^[2]

His elder brother, Arsène Darmesteter, was a distinguished philologist and man of letters.

There is a survey of James Darmesteter's work in the Journal asiatique (1894, vol. iv., pp. 519–534), and an obituary by Henri Cordier, with a list of his writings, in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (January 1895); see also Gaston Paris, "James Darmesteter," in Penseurs et poètes (1896), (pp. 1–61).^[2]

References

^ "Resemblances Between Zoroastrianism and Judaism" – Extracts from the Jewish Encyclopedia.
^ ^a ^b ^c This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Darmesteter, James". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 835–836.

External links

Works related to James Darmesteter at Wikisource
Works by James Darmesteter at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about James Darmesteter at the Internet Archive
Works by James Darmesteter at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Mary Boyce and D. N. MacKenzie, Encyclopaedia Iranica: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/darmesteter

[1] "Resemblances Between Zoroastrianism and Judaism" – Extracts from the Jewish Encyclopedia.

[EB1911-2] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Darmesteter, James". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 835–836.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
-'''James Darmesteter''' (28 March 1849 – 19 October 1894) was a [[France|French]] [[author]], [[oriental studies|orientalist]], and [[antiquarian]].
+'''James Darmesteter''' (28 March 1849{{snd}}19 October 1894) was a French author, [[oriental studies|orientalist]], and [[antiquarian]].
 ==Biography==
-He was born of [[Jew]]ish parents at [[Château-Salins]], in [[Alsace]]. The [[family name]] had originated in their earlier home of [[Darmstadt]]. He was educated in [[Paris]], where, under the guidance of [[Michel Jules Alfred Bréal|Michel Bréal]] and [[Abel Bergaigne]], he imbibed a love for [[Orientalism|Oriental studies]], to which for a time he entirely devoted himself. In 1875 he published a thesis on the mythology of the ''[[Avesta]]'', and in 1877 became teacher of [[Persian language]] at the [[École des Hautes Études]]. He continued his research with his ''Études iraniennes'' (1883), and ten years later published a complete translation of the ''Avesta'' and associated ''Zend'' (lit. "commentary"), with historical and [[philology|philological]] commentary of his own (''Zend Avesta'', 3 vols., 1892-1893) in the ''Annales du [[Musée Guimet]]''. He also edited the ''Avesta'' for [[Max Müller]]'s ''[[Sacred Books of the East]]'' series (vols. 4 and 23).
+He was born of [[Jew]]ish parents at [[Château-Salins]], in [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]]. The family name had originated in their earlier home of [[Darmstadt]]. He was educated in Paris, where, under the guidance of [[Michel Jules Alfred Bréal|Michel Bréal]] and [[Abel Bergaigne]], he imbibed a love for [[Orientalism|Oriental studies]], to which for a time he entirely devoted himself. In 1875, he published a thesis on the mythology of the ''[[Avesta]]'', in which he advocated that the [[Persia]]n religion of [[Zoroastrianism]] had been influenced by Judaism (and not that Zoroastrianism influenced Judaism as many scholars said).<ref>[http://www.sullivan-county.com/id2/jew_sect.htm "Resemblances Between Zoroastrianism and Judaism" – Extracts from the Jewish Encyclopedia.]</ref> In 1877 became teacher of [[Persian language]] at the [[École des Hautes Études]]. He continued his research with his ''Études iraniennes'' (1883), and ten years later published a complete translation of the ''Avesta'' and associated ''Zend'' (lit. "commentary"), with historical and [[philology|philological]] commentary of his own (''Zend Avesta'', 3 vols., 1892–1893) in the ''Annales du [[Musée Guimet]]''. He also edited the ''Avesta'' for [[Max Müller]]'s ''[[Sacred Books of the East]]'' series (vols. 4 and 23).<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Darmesteter, James |volume=7 |pages=835–836}}</ref>
-[[File:Darmesteter sírja.jpg|thumb|240px|James Darmesteter's tomb]]Darmesteter regarded the extant texts as far more recent than commonly believed, placing the earliest in the 1st century BC and the bulk in the 3rd century AD. In 1885 he was appointed professor in the [[Collège de France]], and was sent to India in 1886 on a mission to collect the popular songs of the [[Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghans]], a translation of which, with a valuable essay on the Afghan language and literature, he published on his return. His impressions of English dominion in India were conveyed in ''Lettres sur l'Inde'' (1888). England interested him deeply; and his attachment to the gifted English writer, [[Agnes Mary Frances Robinson]], whom he shortly afterwards married (and who in 1901 became the wife of Professor E. Duclaux, director of the [[Pasteur Institute]] at Paris), led him to translate her poems into French in 1888. Two years after his death a collection of excellent essays on English subjects was published in English.  He also wrote ''Le [[Mahdi]] depuis les origines de l'[[Islam]] jusqu'a nos jours'' (1885); ''Les Origines de la poesie persane'' (1888); ''Prophètes d'[[Israel]]'' (1892), and other books on topics connected with the East, and from 1883 onwards drew up the annual reports of the [[Société Asiatique]]. He had just become connected with the ''[[Revue de Paris]]'', when his delicate constitution succumbed to a slight attack of illness on 10 October 1894 at [[Maisons-Laffitte]].  His elder brother, [[Arsène Darmesteter]], was a distinguished [[philologist]] and [[man of letters]].
+[[File:Darmesteter sírja.jpg|thumb|240px|James Darmesteter's tomb]]Darmesteter regarded the extant texts as far more recent than commonly believed, placing the earliest in the 1st century BC and the bulk in the 3rd century AD. In 1885 he was appointed professor in the [[Collège de France]], and was sent to India in 1886 on a mission to collect the popular songs of the [[Afghan people|Afghans]], a translation of which, with a valuable essay on the [[Afghan language]] and literature, he published on his return. His impressions of British rule in India were conveyed in ''Lettres sur l'Inde'' (1888). England interested him deeply; and his attachment to the gifted English writer, [[Agnes Mary Frances Robinson]], whom he shortly afterwards married (and who in 1901 became the wife of Professor E. Duclaux, director of the [[Pasteur Institute]] at Paris), led him to translate her poems into French in 1888. Two years after his death a collection of excellent essays on English subjects was published in English.  He also wrote ''Le [[Mahdi]] depuis les origines de l'Islam jusqu'a nos jours'' (1885); ''Les Origines de la [[Persian poetics|poesie persane]]'' (1888); ''Prophètes d'[[Israel]]'' (1892), and other books on topics connected with the East, and from 1883 onwards drew up the annual reports of the [[Société Asiatique]]. He had just become connected with the ''[[Revue de Paris]]'', when his delicate constitution succumbed to a slight attack of illness on 10 October 1894 at [[Maisons-Laffitte]].<ref name="EB1911"/>
+His elder brother, [[Arsène Darmesteter]], was a distinguished [[philologist]] and [[man of letters]].
-There is an ''éloge'' of James Darmesteter in the ''Journal asiatique'' (1894, vol. iv., pp. 519-534), and a notice by [[Henri Cordier]], with a list of his writings, in ''The Royal Asiatic Society's Journal'' (January 1895); see also [[Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris|Gaston Paris]], "James Darmesteter," in ''Penseurs et poètes'' (1896), (pp. 1-61).
+There is a survey of James Darmesteter's work in the ''Journal asiatique'' (1894, vol. iv., pp.&nbsp;519–534), and an obituary by [[Henri Cordier]], with a list of his writings, in the ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]'' (January 1895); see also [[Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris|Gaston Paris]], "James Darmesteter," in ''Penseurs et poètes'' (1896), (pp.&nbsp;1–61).<ref name="EB1911"/>
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-{{wikisource author}}
-*{{1911|article=James Darmesteter|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Darmesteter}}
+==External links==
+*{{wikisource-inline|Author:James Darmesteter|James Darmesteter}}
+* {{Gutenberg author | id=35286| name=James Darmesteter}}
+* {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Darmesteter}}
+* {{Librivox author |id=8939}}
+* Mary Boyce and D. N. MacKenzie, [[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/darmesteter
+{{Zoroastrianism}}
+{{Authority control}}
+{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}}
-{{Authority control|VIAF=41886914}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Darmesteter, James
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 28 March 1849
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 19 October 1894
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Darmesteter, James}}
 [[Category:1849 births]]
 [[Category:1894 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Moselle]]
+[[Category:People from Moselle (department)]]
-[[Category:French Jews]]
+[[Category:19th-century French Jews]]
 [[Category:French orientalists]]
-[[Category:French academics]]
 [[Category:Linguists from France]]
-[[Category:Iranologists]]
+[[Category:French Iranologists]]
 [[Category:Translators from Avestan]]
+[[Category:19th-century French translators]]
+[[Category:19th-century French historians]]
-[[de:James Darmesteter]]
-[[es:James Darmesteter]]
-[[fa:جیمز دارمستتر]]
-[[fr:James Darmesteter]]
-[[lb:James Darmesteter]]
-[[hu:James Darmesteter]]
-[[ja:ジャーム・ダルメステテール]]
-[[ru:Дармстетер, Жам]]
-[[sv:James Darmesteter]]

v t e Zoroastrianism
Primary topics	Ahura Mazda Zarathustra Asha Vohu Manah Persia/Iran Faravahar Avestan
Divine entities	Amesha Spentas Yazatas Ahuras Daevas Angra Mainyu
Scripture and worship	Avesta Gathas Ashem Vohu Ahuna Vairya Yenghe hatam Airyaman ishya Fire Temples 101 Names of Ahura Mazda Udvada Atash Behram Adur Burzen-Mihr Adur Farnbag Adur Gushnasp Cypress of Kashmar Yasna Vendidad Visperad Yashts Khordeh Avesta The Revayats Ab-Zohr Atash Behram
Accounts and legends	Dēnkard Bundahišn Book of Arda Viraf Book of Jamasp Story of Sanjan Chinvat Bridge Frashokereti Xrafstar Hamistagan Duzakh
Cities	Balkh Kashmar Yazd
History and culture	Parsis Zurvanism Mazdakism Khurramites Three Persian religions Calendar Festivals Marriage Burial
Adherents	Persecution in Armenia in Azerbaijan in India Irani Parsis in Iran in Iraq in Pakistan in United States
Lists	Fire temples in Iran Fire temples in India
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