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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{italictitle}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Lusonectes''
| fossil_range = [[Early Jurassic]], {{fossil_range|Toarcian}}
| fossil_range = [[Early Jurassic]], {{fossil_range|Toarcian}}
| image =
| image = Lusonectes.jpg
| image_caption = [[Holotype]] partial skull and explanatory drawings
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption =
| extinct = yes
| authority = Smith, Araújo & Mateus, [[2011 in paleontology|2011]]
| parent_authority = Smith, Araújo & [[Octávio Mateus|Mateus]], [[2012 in paleontology|2012]]
⚫
| genus = Lusonectes
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| species = sauvagei
| subdivision =
*[[extinction|†]]'''''L. sauvagei''''' <small> Smith, Araújo & Mateus, 2011 ([[type species|type]])</small>
| authority = Smith, Araújo & Mateus, 2012
}}
}}


'''''Lusonectes''''' (meaning "[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] swimmer") is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[Microcleididae|microcleidid]] [[plesiosaur]] from the [[Early Jurassic]] ([[Toarcian]]) [[São Gião Formation]] of [[Portugal]].
'''''Lusonectes''''' (meaning "Portuguese swimmer") is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[plesiosaurid]] from Lower [[Jurassic]] ([[Toarcian]] stage) deposits of [[Alhadas]], [[Portugal]]. It is known from the [[holotype]] [[Museu Geológico, Lisbon, Portugal|MG33]], a partial [[skull]] and articulated [[mandible]]. It was found by [[Henri Émile Sauvage]], a french paleontologist, in the 19th century from the [[São Gião Formation]], near [[Murtede]], Portugal. It was first named by Adam S. Smith, Ricardo Araújo and [[Octávio Mateus]] in [[2011 in paleontology|2011]] and the [[type species]] is ''Lusonectes sauvagei''. The generic name is derived from the prefix ''Luso'' meaning "Portuguese" and ''nectes'' ("swimmer" in [[Greek language|Greek]]). The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honors Henri Émile Sauvage. It is based on a single autapomorphy, a broad triangular parasphenoid cultriform process that is as long as the posterior interpterygoid vacuities, and also on a unique character combination. [[Cladistic]] analysis of Jurassic plesiosauroids found ''Lusonectes'' to be "microcleidid elasmosaurs", equivalent to the clade [[Plesiosauridae]] after Ketchum and Benson, 2010. ''Lusonectes'' is the only diagnostic plesiosaur from Portugal to date.<ref name=Lusonectes>{{cite journal |authors=Adam S. Smith, Ricardo Araújo and Octávio Mateus |year=2011 |title=''Lusonectes sauvagei'', a new plesiosauroid from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Alhadas, Portugal |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20110023_acc.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.4202/app.2011.0023 }}</ref>


==References==
== Etymology ==
The generic name is derived from the prefix ''Luso'' meaning "Portuguese" and ''nectes'' ("swimmer" in [[Greek language|Greek]]). The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honors [[Henri Émile Sauvage]], who was the first person to describe the [[Holotype|holotype specimen]].
{{reflist}}
⚫
{{portal|Paleontology}}


== Discovery and naming ==
⚫
[[Category:Prehistoric reptiles of Europe]]
[[File:Palate_and_basicranium_of_Lusonectes.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Rear of the [[palate]] and [[basicranium]]]]
[[Category:Jurassic reptiles]]
The holotype, [[Museu Geológico, Lisbon, Portugal|'''MG33''']], a partial [[skull]] and articulated [[mandible]], was discovered possibly by [[geologist]] [[Paul Choffat]] and his team during the 19th century within rocks from the [[São Gião Formation]] near [[Murtede]], [[Portugal]].<ref name="Lusonectes">{{cite journal |author1=Adam S. Smith |author2=Ricardo Araújo |author3=Octávio Mateus |year=2012 |title=A new plesiosauroid from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Alhadas, Portugal |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app57/app20110023.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=257–266 |doi=10.4202/app.2011.0023 |s2cid=55764533 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2011]]

Sauvage (1898) described MG33 as belonging to an unknown species of ''[[Plesiosaurus]]''.<ref>Sauvage, H.E. (1897–1898). Vertébrés fossiles du Portugal. Contribution à l’étude des poissons et des reptiles du Jurassique et du Crétacique. ''Memó− rias Commissão do Serviço Geológico de Portugal'' 1897–1898: 1–46.</ref> Other authors, including Bardet ''et al.'' (2008)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bardet |first=Nathalie |last2=Fernández |first2=Marta |last3=Garciáa-Ramos |first3=José Carlos |last4=Suberbiola |first4=Xabier Pereda |last5=Piñuela |first5=Laura |last6=Ruiz-Omeñaca |first6=José Ignacio |last7=Vincent |first7=Peggy |date=2008-03-12 |title=A juvenile plesiosaur from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[258:ajpftp]2.0.co;2 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=258–263 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[258:ajpftp]2.0.co;2 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> and Ruiz−Omeñaca ''et al.'' (2009)<ref>Ruiz−Omeñaca, J.I., Bardet, N., Piñuela, L., José Carlos García−Ramos, J.C., and Pereda−Suberbiola, X. (2009). El fósil de plesiosaurio (Sauro− pterygia) más antiguo de la Peninsula Ibérica: una vértebra procedente del Hettangiense−Sinemuriense de Asturias. ''Geogaceta'' 46: 79–82.</ref> also classified MG33 within ''Plesiosaurus''. Castanhinha and [[Octávio Mateus|Mateus]] (2007)<ref>Castanhinha, R. and Mateus, O. (2007). Short review on the marine reptiles of Portugal: ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 27: 57A.</ref> and Smith & Vincent (2010)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Adam. S. |last2=Vincent |first2=Peggy |date=2010-09-16 |title=A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany: NEW PLIOSAUR FROM GERMANY |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1049–1063 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x}}</ref> instead classified the specimen as an indeterminate member of [[Plesiosaur|Plesiosauria]].

The specimen was described and named by Adam S. Smith, Ricardo Araújo and [[Octávio Mateus]] in [[2012 in paleontology|2012]] as ''Lusonectes sauvagei''.<ref name="Lusonectes" /> ''Lusonectes'' was described as the first diagnostic plesiosaur species discovered in Portugal to date.<ref name="Lusonectes" />

== Description ==
It is based on a single autapomorphy, a broad triangular parasphenoid cultriform process that is as long as the posterior interpterygoid vacuities, and also on a unique character combination.<ref name="Lusonectes" />

== Classification ==
Smith, Araújo and [[Octávio Mateus|Mateus]] (2012) found ''Lusonectes'' to belong to the [[Microcleididae]]<ref name="Lusonectes" /> when placed within a cladogram created by Ketchum and Benson (2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ketchum |first=Hilary F. |last2=Benson |first2=Roger B. J. |date=2010-04-12 |title=Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00107.x |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=361–392 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00107.x |issn=1464-7931}}</ref>

==See also==
⚫
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
* [[List of plesiosaur genera]]
* [[Timeline of plesiosaur research]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sauropterygia|Pliosauroidea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3840891}}


⚫
[[Category:Early Jurassic plesiosaurs of Europe]]
⚫
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2012]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Octávio Mateus]]
[[Category:Sauropterygian genera]]


{{paleo-reptile-stub}}
{{paleo-reptile-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:28, 30 March 2024

Lusonectes
Temporal range: Early Jurassic, Toarcian
Holotype partial skull and explanatory drawings
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: †Sauropterygia
Order: †Plesiosauria
Family: †Microcleididae
Genus: †Lusonectes
Smith, Araújo & Mateus, 2012
Species:
†L. sauvagei
Binomial name
†Lusonectes sauvagei
Smith, Araújo & Mateus, 2012

Lusonectes (meaning "Portuguese swimmer") is an extinct genus of microcleidid plesiosaur from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) São Gião Formation of Portugal.

Etymology

[edit]

The generic name is derived from the prefix Luso meaning "Portuguese" and nectes ("swimmer" in Greek). The specific name honors Henri Émile Sauvage, who was the first person to describe the holotype specimen.

Discovery and naming

[edit]
Rear of the palate and basicranium

The holotype, MG33, a partial skull and articulated mandible, was discovered possibly by geologist Paul Choffat and his team during the 19th century within rocks from the São Gião Formation near Murtede, Portugal.[1]

Sauvage (1898) described MG33 as belonging to an unknown species of Plesiosaurus.[2] Other authors, including Bardet et al. (2008)[3] and Ruiz−Omeñaca et al. (2009)[4] also classified MG33 within Plesiosaurus. Castanhinha and Mateus (2007)[5] and Smith & Vincent (2010)[6] instead classified the specimen as an indeterminate member of Plesiosauria.

The specimen was described and named by Adam S. Smith, Ricardo Araújo and Octávio Mateus in 2012 as Lusonectes sauvagei.[1] Lusonectes was described as the first diagnostic plesiosaur species discovered in Portugal to date.[1]

Description

[edit]

It is based on a single autapomorphy, a broad triangular parasphenoid cultriform process that is as long as the posterior interpterygoid vacuities, and also on a unique character combination.[1]

Classification

[edit]

Smith, Araújo and Mateus (2012) found Lusonectes to belong to the Microcleididae[1] when placed within a cladogram created by Ketchum and Benson (2010).[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Adam S. Smith; Ricardo Araújo; Octávio Mateus (2012). "A new plesiosauroid from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Alhadas, Portugal" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (2): 257–266. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0023. S2CID 55764533.
  2. ^ Sauvage, H.E. (1897–1898). Vertébrés fossiles du Portugal. Contribution à l’étude des poissons et des reptiles du Jurassique et du Crétacique. Memó− rias Commissão do Serviço Geológico de Portugal 1897–1898: 1–46.
  3. ^ Bardet, Nathalie; Fernández, Marta; Garciáa-Ramos, José Carlos; Suberbiola, Xabier Pereda; Piñuela, Laura; Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Vincent, Peggy (2008-03-12). "A juvenile plesiosaur from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (1): 258–263. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[258:ajpftp]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
  4. ^ Ruiz−Omeñaca, J.I., Bardet, N., Piñuela, L., José Carlos García−Ramos, J.C., and Pereda−Suberbiola, X. (2009). El fósil de plesiosaurio (Sauro− pterygia) más antiguo de la Peninsula Ibérica: una vértebra procedente del Hettangiense−Sinemuriense de Asturias. Geogaceta 46: 79–82.
  5. ^ Castanhinha, R. and Mateus, O. (2007). Short review on the marine reptiles of Portugal: ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 57A.
  6. ^ Smith, Adam. S.; Vincent, Peggy (2010-09-16). "A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany: NEW PLIOSAUR FROM GERMANY". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 1049–1063. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x.
  7. ^ Ketchum, Hilary F.; Benson, Roger B. J. (2010-04-12). "Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses". Biological Reviews. 85 (2): 361–392. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00107.x. ISSN 1464-7931.
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