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{{Short description|Ming dynasty era name (1522–1566)}}
{{Short description|Ming dynasty era name (1522–1566)}}
{{about|the era name of the Ming dynasty emperor, Zhu Houcong|the emperor who used this era name|Jiajing Emperor}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title = Jiajing
|pic=
|picsize=
|piccap=
|c=嘉靖
|p=Jiājìng
|w=Chia-ching
|l="admirable tranquility"
}}


'''Jiajing''' (28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567) was the [[Chinese era name|era name]] of the [[Jiajing Emperor]], the 12th emperor of the [[Ming dynasty]] of China. The Ming dynasty used the era name Jiajing for a total of 45 years. It was the second-longest used era name in the Ming dynasty. "Jiajing" was derived from the words 嘉靖殷邦 (Translated: "... but admirably and tranquilly presided over the regions of Yin, ...) in the chapter of Wuyi (無逸, Against Luxurious Ease) in the ''[[Book of Documents]]''. When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, the cabinet's candidate era names were the first "Mingliang" (明良; meaning 君明臣良 "the monarch is bright and ministers are good"), followed by "Shaozhi" (紹治; meaning "inheriting the Hongzhi Restoration"), and the third "Jiajing".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=Yao shan tang wai ji (堯山堂外紀), Su Huangdi (肅皇帝)|last=Jiang Yikui (蒋一葵)|wslink=zh:堯山堂外紀/卷096}} 肅皇帝入繼紀元，內閣初擬明良，次嘉靖，次紹治，上時用嘉靖云。</ref>
'''Jiajing''' ({{zh|c=嘉靖|p=Jiājìng|w=Chia-ching|l=admirable tranquility}}; 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567) was the [[Chinese era name|era name]] (''nianhao'') of the [[Jiajing Emperor]], the 12th emperor of the [[Ming dynasty]]. The Jiajing era lasted for 45 years, making it the second-longest era of the Ming. The era name "Jiajing" comes from the phrase "{{zhi|c=嘉靖殷邦}}" (''jiajing yin bang''; translated by [[James Legge]], 1879: ..., but admirably and tranquilly presided over the regions of Yin, ...) in the chapter of Wuyi ({{zhi|=無逸}}, Against Luxurious Ease) in the ''[[Book of Documents]]''. When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, the Cabinet's candidate era names were the first "Mingliang" ({{zhi|c=明良}}; meaning 'a wise emperor and virtuous officials'), followed by "Shaozhi" ({{zhi|t=紹治}}; meaning 'inheriting the Hongzhi Restoration'), and the third "Jiajing".<ref>{{cite wikisource| language=Chinese|trans-title=Yao shan tang wai ji, Su Huangdi|title=堯山堂外紀·肅皇帝|author=Jiang Yikui ({{zhi|c=蒋一葵}})|wslink=zh:堯山堂外紀/卷096}} {{zhi|t=肅皇帝入繼紀元，內閣初擬明良，次嘉靖，次紹治，上時用嘉靖云。}}</ref>


On 4 February 1567 (Jiajing 45, 14th day of the 12th month), the [[Longqing Emperor]] ascended to the throne and continued to use. The following year, the era was changed to [[Longqing]].<ref>''History of Ming'', Volume 19:〔嘉靖〕四十五年十二月庚子，世宗崩。壬子，即皇帝位。以明年為隆慶元年，大赦天下。</ref>
On 4 February 1567 (Jiajing 45, 14th day of the 12th month), the [[Longqing Emperor]] ascended to the throne and continued to use the Jiajing era name. The following year, the era was changed to [[Longqing]].<ref>''History of Ming'', Volume 19:{{zhi|t=〔嘉靖〕四十五年十二月庚子，世宗崩。壬子，即皇帝位。以明年為隆慶元年，大赦天下。}}</ref>

[[File:Shaangxi 1556 earthquake map of provinces.PNG|thumb|[[1556]] (Jiajing 34): [[1556 Shaanxi earthquake|Jiajing Great Earthquake]], the deadliest earthquake in human history]]


==Comparison table==
==Comparison table==
Line 22: Line 9:
!Jiajing!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10
!Jiajing!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10
|-
|-
![[AD]]
|[[AD]]
|1522||1523||1524||1525||1526||1527||1528||1529||1530||1531
|1522||1523||1524||1525||1526||1527||1528||1529||1530||1531
|-
|-
![[Sexagenary cycle|Gānzhī]]<br>干支
|[[Sexagenary cycle]]
|Rénwǔ<br>壬午||Guǐwèi<br>癸未||Jiǎshēn<br>甲申||Yǐyǒu<br>乙酉||Bǐngxū<br>丙戌||Dīnghài<br>丁亥||Wùzǐ<br>戊子||Jǐchǒu<br>己丑||Gēngyín<br>庚寅||Xīnmǎo<br>辛卯
|Rénwǔ ({{zhi|c=壬午}})||Guǐwèi ({{zhi|c=癸未}})||Jiǎshēn ({{zhi|c=甲申}})||Yǐyǒu ({{zhi|c=乙酉}})||Bǐngxū ({{zhi|c=丙戌}})||Dīnghài ({{zhi|c=丁亥}})||Wùzǐ ({{zhi|c=戊子}})||Jǐchǒu ({{zhi|c=己丑}})||Gēngyín ({{zhi|c=庚寅}})||Xīnmǎo ({{zhi|c=辛卯}})
|-
|-
!Jiajing!!11!!12!!13!!14!!15!!16!!17!!18!!19!!20
!Jiajing!!11!!12!!13!!14!!15!!16!!17!!18!!19!!20
|-
|-
![[AD]]
|[[AD]]
|1532||1533||1534||1535||1536||1537||1538||1539||1540||1541
|1532||1533||1534||1535||1536||1537||1538||1539||1540||1541
|-
|-
![[Sexagenary cycle|Gānzhī]]<br>干支
|[[Sexagenary cycle]]
|Rénchén<br>壬辰||Guǐsì<br>癸巳||Jiǎwǔ<br>甲午|| Yǐwèi<br>乙未||Bǐngshēn<br>丙申||Dīngyǒu<br>丁酉||Wùxū<br>戊戌||Jǐhài<br>己亥||Gēngzǐ<br>庚子||Xīnchǒu<br>辛丑
|Rénchén ({{zhi|c=壬辰}})||Guǐsì ({{zhi|c=癸巳}})||Jiǎwǔ ({{zhi|c=甲午}})||Yǐwèi ({{zhi|c=乙未}})||Bǐngshēn ({{zhi|c=丙申}})||Dīngyǒu ({{zhi|c=丁酉}})||Wùxū ({{zhi|c=戊戌}})||Jǐhài ({{zhi|c=己亥}})||Gēngzǐ ({{zhi|c=庚子}})||Xīnchǒu ({{zhi|c=辛丑}})
|-
|-
!Jiajing!!21!!22!!23!!24!!25!!26!!27!!28!!29!!30
!Jiajing!!21!!22!!23!!24!!25!!26!!27!!28!!29!!30
|-
|-
![[AD]]
|[[AD]]
|1542||1543||1544||1545||1546||1547||1548||1549||1550||1551
|1542||1543||1544||1545||1546||1547||1548||1549||1550||1551
|-
|-
![[Sexagenary cycle|Gānzhī]]<br>干支
|[[Sexagenary cycle]]
|Rényín<br>壬寅||Guǐmǎo<br>癸卯||Jiǎchén<br>甲辰||Yǐsì<br>乙巳||Bǐngwǔ<br>丙午||Dīngwèi<br>丁未||Wùshēn<br>戊申||Jǐyǒu<br>己酉||Gēngxū<br>庚戌|| Xīnhài<br>辛亥
|Rényín ({{zhi|c=壬寅}})||Guǐmǎo ({{zhi|c=癸卯}})||Jiǎchén ({{zhi|c=甲辰}})||Yǐsì ({{zhi|c=乙巳}})||Bǐngwǔ ({{zhi|c=丙午}})||Dīngwèi ({{zhi|c=丁未}})||Wùshēn ({{zhi|c=戊申}})||Jǐyǒu ({{zhi|c=己酉}})||Gēngxū ({{zhi|c=庚戌}})|| Xīnhài ({{zhi|c=辛亥}})
|-
|-
!Jiajing!!31!!32!!33!!34!!35!!36!!37!!38!!39!!40
!Jiajing!!31!!32!!33!!34!!35!!36!!37!!38!!39!!40
|-
|-
![[AD]]
|[[AD]]
|1552||1553||1554||1555||1556||1557年||1558||1559||1560||1561
|1552||1553||1554||1555||1556||1557||1558||1559||1560||1561
|-
|-
![[Sexagenary cycle|Gānzhī]]<br>干支
|[[Sexagenary cycle]]
|Rénzǐ<br>壬子|| Guǐchǒu<br>癸丑|| Jiǎyín<br>甲寅||Yǐmǎo<br>乙卯||Bǐngchén<br>丙辰||Dīngsì<br>丁巳||Wùwǔ<br>戊午||Jǐwèi<br>己未||Gēngshēn<br>庚申||Xīnyǒu<br>辛酉
|Rénzǐ ({{zhi|c=壬子}})||Guǐchǒu ({{zhi|c=癸丑}})|| Jiǎyín ({{zhi|c=甲寅}})||Yǐmǎo ({{zhi|c=乙卯}})||Bǐngchén ({{zhi|c=丙辰}})||Dīngsì ({{zhi|c=丁巳}})||Wùwǔ ({{zhi|c=戊午}})||Jǐwèi ({{zhi|c=己未}})||Gēngshēn ({{zhi|c=庚申}})||Xīnyǒu ({{zhi|c=辛酉}})
|-
|-
!Jiajing!!41!!42!!43!!44!!45
!Jiajing!!41!!42!!43!!44!!45
|-
|-
![[AD]]
|[[AD]]
|1562||1563||1564||1565||1566
|1562||1563||1564||1565||1566
|-
|-
![[Sexagenary cycle|Gānzhī]]<br>干支
|[[Sexagenary cycle]]
|Rénxū<br>壬戌||Guǐhài<br>癸亥||Jiǎzǐ<br>甲子||Yǐchǒu<br>乙丑||Bǐngyín<br>丙寅
|Rénxū ({{zhi|c=壬戌}})||Guǐhài ({{zhi|c=癸亥}})||Jiǎzǐ ({{zhi|c=甲子}})||Yǐchǒu ({{zhi|c=乙丑}})||Bǐngyín ({{zhi|c=丙寅}})
|}
|}


==Other regime era names that existed during the same period==
==Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period==
* China
* China
** ''Tianyuan'' (天淵, 1546): Ming period — era name of Tian Bin (田斌), leader of the Wenshang uprising in Shandong
** ''Tianyuan'' ({{zhi|t=天淵}}, 1546): Ming period—era name of Tian Bin ({{zhi|c=田斌}}), leader of the Wenshang uprising in Shandong
** ''Zaoli'' (造歷) or ''Longfei'' (龍飛) (1560–1562): Ming period — era name of Zhang Lian (張璉), leader of the peasant revolt in Guangdong
** ''Zaoli'' ({{zhi|t=造歷}}) or ''Longfei'' ({{zhi|t=龍飛}}) (1560–1562): Ming period—era name of Zhang Lian ({{zhi|t=張璉}}), leader of the peasant revolt in Guangdong
** ''Dabao'' (大寶, 1565): Ming period — era name of Cai Boguan (蔡伯貫), leader of the peasant revolt in Sichuan
** ''Dabao'' ({{zhi|t=大寶}}, 1565): Ming period—era name of Cai Boguan ({{zhi|t=蔡伯貫}}), leader of the peasant revolt in Sichuan
* Vietnam
* Vietnam
** ''Quang Thiệu'' (光紹, 1516–1522): [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê dynasty]] — era name of [[Lê Chiêu Tông]]
** ''Quang Thiệu'' ({{zhi|t=光紹}}, 1516–1522): [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê dynasty]]—era name of [[Lê Chiêu Tông]]
** ''Thống Nguyên'' (統元, 1522–1526): Later Lê dynasty — era name of [[Lê Cung Hoàng]]
** ''Thống Nguyên'' ({{zhi|t=統元}}, 1522–1526): Later Lê dynasty—era name of [[Lê Cung Hoàng]]
** ''Nguyên Hòa'' (元和, 1533–1548): Later Lê dynasty — era name of [[Lê Trang Tông]]
** ''Nguyên Hòa'' ({{zhi|c=元和}}, 1533–1548): Later Lê dynasty—era name of [[Lê Trang Tông]]
** ''Quang Chiếu'' (光照, 1533–1536): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hiến, Prince Đại (代王 黎憲)
** ''Quang Chiếu'' ({{zhi|c=光照}}, 1533–1536): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Hiến, Prince Đại ({{zhi|t=代王 黎憲}})
** ''Thuận Bình'' (順平, 1548–1556): Later Lê dynasty — era name of [[Lê Trung Tông (Revival Lê dynasty)|Lê Trung Tông]]
** ''Thuận Bình'' ({{zhi|t=順平}}, 1548–1556): Later Lê dynasty—era name of [[Lê Trung Tông (Revival Lê dynasty)|Lê Trung Tông]]
** ''Thiên Hựu'' (天祐, 1557): Later Lê dynasty — era name of [[Lê Anh Tông]]
** ''Thiên Hựu'' ({{zhi|c=天祐}}, 1557): Later Lê dynasty—era name of [[Lê Anh Tông]]
** ''Chính Trị'' (天祐, 1558–1571): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Anh Tông
** ''Chính Trị'' ({{zhi|c=正治}}, 1558–1571): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
** ''Minh Đức'' (明德, 1527–1529): [[Mạc dynasty]] — era name of [[Mạc Đăng Dung]]
** ''Minh Đức'' ({{zhi|c=明德}}, 1527–1529): [[Mạc dynasty]]—era name of [[Mạc Đăng Dung]]
** ''Đại Chính'' (大正, 1530–1540): Mạc dynasty — era name of [[Mạc Thái Tông]]
** ''Đại Chính'' ({{zhi|c=大正}}, 1530–1540): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Thái Tông]]
** ''Quảng Hòa'' (廣和, 1541–1546): Mạc dynasty — era name of [[Mạc Hiến Tông]]
** ''Quảng Hòa'' ({{zhi|t=廣和}}, 1541–1546): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Hiến Tông]]
** ''Vĩnh Định'' (永定, 1547): Mạc dynasty — era name of [[Mạc Tuyên Tông]]
** ''Vĩnh Định'' ({{zhi|c=永定}}, 1547): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Tuyên Tông]]
** ''Cảnh Lịch'' (景歷, 1548–1555): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
** ''Cảnh Lịch'' ({{zhi|t=景歷}}, 1548–1555): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
** ''Quang Bảo'' (光寶, 1555–1564): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
** ''Quang Bảo'' ({{zhi|t=光寶}}, 1555–1564): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
** ''Thuần Phúc'' (淳福, 1565–1568): Mạc dynasty — era name of [[Mạc Mậu Hợp]]
** ''Thuần Phúc'' ({{zhi|c=淳福}}, 1565–1568): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Mậu Hợp]]
** ''Sùng Khang'' (淳福, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
** ''Sùng Khang'' ({{zhi|c=崇康}}, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
* Japan
* Japan
** ''[[Daiei (era)|Daiei]]'' (大永, 1521–1528): era name of [[Emperor Go-Kashiwabara]] and [[Emperor Go-Nara]]
** ''[[Daiei (era)|Daiei]]'' ({{nihongo2|大永}}, 1521–1528): era name of [[Emperor Go-Kashiwabara]] and [[Emperor Go-Nara]]
** ''[[Kyōroku]]'' (享禄, 1528–1532): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
** ''[[Kyōroku]]'' ({{nihongo2|享禄}}, 1528–1532): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
** ''[[Tenbun]]'' (天文, 1532–1555): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
** ''[[Tenbun]]'' ({{nihongo2|天文}}, 1532–1555): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
** ''[[Kōji (Muromachi period)|Kōji]]'' (弘治, 1555–1558): era name of Emperor Go-Nara and [[Emperor Ōgimachi]]
** ''[[Kōji (Muromachi period)|Kōji]]'' ({{nihongo2|弘治}}, 1555–1558): era name of Emperor Go-Nara and [[Emperor Ōgimachi]]
** ''[[Eiroku]]'' (永禄, 1558–1570): era name of Emperor Ōgimachi
** ''[[Eiroku]]'' ({{nihongo2|永禄}}, 1558–1570): era name of Emperor Ōgimachi


==See also==
==See also==
Line 96: Line 83:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book|author=Li Chongzhi (李崇智)|title=Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考)|format=|url=|date=2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Co. (中華書局)|location=Beijing (北京)|id=ISBN 7101025129}}
* {{cite book|first=Chongzhi|last=Li|title=中國歷代年號考|trans-title=Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao|language=Chinese|year=December 2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Co.|location=Beijing|isbn=7101025129}}
*{{Cite book|author=Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波)|title=Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表)|format=pdf|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=2005|publisher=National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃)|location=Taipei (臺北)|id=ISBN 9789860005189|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm}}
* {{cite book|first=Hongbo|last=Deng|title=東亞歷史年表|trans-title=Chronology of East Asian History|language=Chinese|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|year=March 2005|access-date=26 November 2021|archive-date=25 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|publisher=National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures|location=Taipei|isbn=9789860005189}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
{{succession box
| before = [[Zhengde]] {{nobold|(正德)}}
| before = [[Zhengde]]
| title = Ming dynasty [[Chinese era name|Era or ''nianhao'']]<br>Jiajing {{nobold|(嘉靖)}}
| title = [[Ming dynasty]] [[Chinese era name|era name]]
| years = 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567
| years = 1522–1567
| after = [[Longqing]] {{nobold|(隆慶)}}
| after = [[Longqing]]
}}
}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}

Latest revision as of 07:27, 31 March 2024

Jiajing (Chinese: 嘉靖; pinyin: Jiājìng; Wade–Giles: Chia-ching; lit. 'admirable tranquility'; 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567) was the era name (nianhao) of the Jiajing Emperor, the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty. The Jiajing era lasted for 45 years, making it the second-longest era of the Ming. The era name "Jiajing" comes from the phrase "嘉靖殷邦" (jiajing yin bang; translated by James Legge, 1879: ..., but admirably and tranquilly presided over the regions of Yin, ...) in the chapter of Wuyi (, Against Luxurious Ease) in the Book of Documents. When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, the Cabinet's candidate era names were the first "Mingliang" (明良; meaning 'a wise emperor and virtuous officials'), followed by "Shaozhi" (紹治; meaning 'inheriting the Hongzhi Restoration'), and the third "Jiajing".[1]

On 4 February 1567 (Jiajing 45, 14th day of the 12th month), the Longqing Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Jiajing era name. The following year, the era was changed to Longqing.[2]

Comparison table

[edit]
Jiajing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AD 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531
Sexagenary cycle Rénwǔ (壬午) Guǐwèi (癸未) Jiǎshēn (甲申) Yǐyǒu (乙酉) Bǐngxū (丙戌) Dīnghài (丁亥) Wùzǐ (戊子) Jǐchǒu (己丑) Gēngyín (庚寅) Xīnmǎo (辛卯)
Jiajing 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
AD 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541
Sexagenary cycle Rénchén (壬辰) Guǐsì (癸巳) Jiǎwǔ (甲午) Yǐwèi (乙未) Bǐngshēn (丙申) Dīngyǒu (丁酉) Wùxū (戊戌) Jǐhài (己亥) Gēngzǐ (庚子) Xīnchǒu (辛丑)
Jiajing 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
AD 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551
Sexagenary cycle Rényín (壬寅) Guǐmǎo (癸卯) Jiǎchén (甲辰) Yǐsì (乙巳) Bǐngwǔ (丙午) Dīngwèi (丁未) Wùshēn (戊申) Jǐyǒu (己酉) Gēngxū (庚戌) Xīnhài (辛亥)
Jiajing 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
AD 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561
Sexagenary cycle Rénzǐ (壬子) Guǐchǒu (癸丑) Jiǎyín (甲寅) Yǐmǎo (乙卯) Bǐngchén (丙辰) Dīngsì (丁巳) Wùwǔ (戊午) Jǐwèi (己未) Gēngshēn (庚申) Xīnyǒu (辛酉)
Jiajing 41 42 43 44 45
AD 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566
Sexagenary cycle Rénxū (壬戌) Guǐhài (癸亥) Jiǎzǐ (甲子) Yǐchǒu (乙丑) Bǐngyín (丙寅)

Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period

[edit]
  • China
    • Tianyuan (天淵, 1546): Ming period—era name of Tian Bin (田斌), leader of the Wenshang uprising in Shandong
    • Zaoli (造歷) or Longfei (龍飛) (1560–1562): Ming period—era name of Zhang Lian (張璉), leader of the peasant revolt in Guangdong
    • Dabao (大寶, 1565): Ming period—era name of Cai Boguan (蔡伯貫), leader of the peasant revolt in Sichuan
  • Vietnam
    • Quang Thiệu (光紹, 1516–1522): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Chiêu Tông
    • Thống Nguyên (統元, 1522–1526): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Cung Hoàng
    • Nguyên Hòa (元和, 1533–1548): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Trang Tông
    • Quang Chiếu (光照, 1533–1536): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Hiến, Prince Đại (代王 黎憲)
    • Thuận Bình (順平, 1548–1556): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Trung Tông
    • Thiên Hựu (天祐, 1557): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
    • Chính Trị (正治, 1558–1571): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
    • Minh Đức (明德, 1527–1529): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Đăng Dung
    • Đại Chính (大正, 1530–1540): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Thái Tông
    • Quảng Hòa (廣和, 1541–1546): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Hiến Tông
    • Vĩnh Định (永定, 1547): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
    • Cảnh Lịch (景歷, 1548–1555): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
    • Quang Bảo (光寶, 1555–1564): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
    • Thuần Phúc (淳福, 1565–1568): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
    • Sùng Khang (崇康, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
  • Japan

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jiang Yikui (蒋一葵). 堯山堂外紀·肅皇帝  [Yao shan tang wai ji, Su Huangdi] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 肅皇帝入繼紀元，內閣初擬明良，次嘉靖，次紹治，上時用嘉靖云。
  2. ^ History of Ming, Volume 19:〔嘉靖〕四十五年十二月庚子，世宗崩。壬子，即皇帝位。以明年為隆慶元年，大赦天下。

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Li, Chongzhi (December 2004). 中國歷代年號考 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. ISBN 7101025129.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Deng, Hongbo (March 2005). 東亞歷史年表 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese). Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures. ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Preceded by Ming dynasty era name
1522–1567 		Succeeded by
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