Zahed Gilani: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Iranian Zahediyeh Sufi Grandmaster}} |
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[[File:Zahed Gilani succession.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Zahed Gilani succession.jpg|thumb|Zahed Gilani designating his son-in-law and eponym of the [[Safavid dynasty]], [[Safi-ad-din Ardabili]], as his spiritual successor in 1301]] |
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{{Sufism|Notable early}} |
{{Sufism|Notable early}} |
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'''Taj Al-Din Ebrahim ibn Rushan Amir Al-Kurdi Al-Sanjani''' (or Sinjani; [[Persian language|Persian]]: |
'''Taj Al-Din Ebrahim ibn Rushan Amir Al-Kurdi Al-Sanjani''' (or Sinjani; [[Persian language|Persian]]:تاج الدين ابراهيم كردی سنجانی)‎ (1218 – 1301), titled [[Sheikh]] [[Zahed]] (or Zahid) Gilani, was an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] Grandmaster (murshid-i kamil) of the famed [[Zahediyeh]] [[Sufi order]] at [[Lahijan]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lHTbrFutqCoC&q=Sheikh+Zahed+Gilani+Kurdi The Encyclopaedia of Islām: 4. cilt, 1. sayı, Brill, 1934, s. 57]: "...Tadj al-Din Ibrahim b. Rawshan Amir b. Babil b. Shaikh Bundâr '''al-Kurdi al-Sandjani''' of Gilan..."</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rU8OAQAAMAAJ&q=Zahed+Gilani+Kurdi Ensiklopedia sejarah Islam, 3. cilt, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1986, s. 1207]: "Sehikh Zahid Taj al-Din Ibrahim b. Rawshan Amir b. Babil b. Sheikh Bundâr '''al-Kurdi al-Sanjani''' ..."</ref><ref>Doç. Dr. Süleyman Gökbulut, "İbrahim Zahid Gilanî Üzerine Bir İnceleme", [http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D03784/2016_13/2016_13_GOKBULUTS.pdf ''Sûfî Araştırmaları - Sufi Studies'', Sayı 13, s. 50]</ref><ref>Serap Şah, [https://katalog.marmara.edu.tr/eyayin/tez/T0056305.pdf ''Safvetü's-Safâ'da Safiyyüddîn-i Erdebîlî'nin hayatı, tasavvufi görüşleri ve menkibeleri'', Doktora tezi], Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Temel İslam Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Tasavvuf Bilim Dalı, İstanbul 2007, s. 30-31, s.66, s.340</ref><ref>[http://lib.az/users/1/upload/files/Sheyx_Sefi_Tezkiresi._Sefvetus-sefanin_XVI_esr_turk_tercumesi._Baki._Nurlan._2006%2C_932_s..PDF Şeyx Səfi Təzkirəsi. Səfvətüs-səfanın XVI əsr türk tərcüməsi. Bakı: Nurlan, 2006, s. 135]</ref> He is also known as ''[[Sultan|Sultân]]-ûl [[Khalwatiyya]]<ref>[[Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı]], Türkiye'de Mezhepler ve Tarikâtlar ''([[Madh'hab]]s and [[Tariqat]] in [[Turkey]])'', İnkılâp Yayınevi, 1997.</ref> and Tadj’ad-Dīn Ebraheem Zāheed al-Geylānī'' as well. |
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According to [[Vladimir Minorsky|Minorsky]] and [[Laurence Paul Elwell-Sutton|Elwell-Sutton]] at the ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', [[:az:Şeyx Zahid türbəsi|the tomb of Sheikh Zahed]] is situated [[Şıxakəran|a few miles]] to the south of the town of [[Lankaran]].{{sfn|Minorsky|Elwell-Sutton|1986|p=657}} |
According to [[Vladimir Minorsky|Minorsky]] and [[Laurence Paul Elwell-Sutton|Elwell-Sutton]] at the ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', [[:az:Şeyx Zahid türbəsi|the tomb of Sheikh Zahed]] is situated [[Şıxakəran|a few miles]] to the south of the town of [[Lankaran]].{{sfn|Minorsky|Elwell-Sutton|1986|p=657}} However, [[Tomb of Shaykh Zahed Gilani|another tomb]] dedicated to him can be found in Lahijan. |
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== |
==Life== |
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[[File:Şeyx Zahid Gilani türbəsi.jpg|thumb|262px|Zahed Gilani's tomb]] |
[[File:Şeyx Zahid Gilani türbəsi.jpg|thumb|262px|Zahed Gilani's tomb]] |
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Zahed Gilani was probably a [[Talysh people|Talysh]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borjian |first1=Habib |author1-link=Habib Borjian |last2=Asatrian |first2=Garnik |authorlink2=Garnik Asatrian |title=Talish and the Talishis (The State of Research) |journal=[[Iran and the Caucasus]] |date=January 2005 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=44|doi=10.1163/1573384054068169 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/9/1/article-p43_5.xml |url-access=subscription |jstor=4030905}} |
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</ref> |
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Since the mid-13th century, Sheikh Zahed has been revered as a spiritual authority and his tomb near [[Lahijan]] in [[Iran]]'s [[Gilan]] Province, on the shores of the [[Caspian Sea]], draws numerous pilgrims to the village of ''Sheikhanvar''. His ancestors came from the ancient Iranian city of [[Sanjan (Khorasan)|Sanjan]] in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] (located in present-day Turkmenistan). Fleeing the [[Great Seljuq Empire|Seljuq]] [[invasion]] that would eventually conquer large parts of [[Iran|Persia]], his ancestors settled in Gilan in the late 11th century. Taj Al-Din Zahed Gilani was able to attain cultural and religious influence on the [[Ilkhanid]] rulers (1256–1353), descendants of [[Genghis Khan]], who followed Seljuq rule. |
Since the mid-13th century, Sheikh Zahed has been revered as a spiritual authority and his tomb near [[Lahijan]] in [[Iran]]'s [[Gilan]] Province, on the shores of the [[Caspian Sea]], draws numerous pilgrims to the village of ''Sheikhanvar''. His ancestors came from the ancient Iranian city of [[Sanjan (Khorasan)|Sanjan]] in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] (located in present-day Turkmenistan). Fleeing the [[Great Seljuq Empire|Seljuq]] [[invasion]] that would eventually conquer large parts of [[Iran|Persia]], his ancestors settled in Gilan in the late 11th century. Taj Al-Din Zahed Gilani was able to attain cultural and religious influence on the [[Ilkhanid]] rulers (1256–1353), descendants of [[Genghis Khan]], who followed Seljuq rule. |
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His most notable disciple was [[Safi-ad-din Ardabili]] (1252–1334), the [[Eponym]] of the [[Safavid |
His most notable disciple was [[Safi-ad-din Ardabili]] (1252–1334), the [[Eponym]] of the [[Safavid dynasty]] (1501–1736). He wed Zahed's daughter Bibi Fatima and, overgoing the interest of Zahed's firstborn son, Gamal Al-Din Ali, was entrusted with the Grand Master's [[Zahediyeh]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] Order, which he transformed into his own, the [[Safaviyya]] (Sufi order) Order. Zahed Gilani's second-born son, Sadr al-Dīn, wed [[Safi-ad-din Ardabili|Safi Al-Din]]'s daughter from a previous marriage. 170 years after Safi Al-Din's death (and 200 years after the death of Sheikh Zahed Gilani) [[Safaviyya]] had gained sufficient political and military power to claim the Throne of (Northern) Iran for the [[Safavid]] Heir, [[Shah]] [[Ismail I]] Safavi. The two families were to be intertwined for many centuries to come, by blood as well as mutual spiritual causes. |
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The [[Sil-silat-al-nasab-e Safaviyeh]] or ''[[Genealogy]] of the [[Safavids]]'', was written by [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] [[Hossein Abdul Zahedi]], a 17th-century descendant of Zahed Gilani. This [[hagiography]] in praise of the [[Safavid |
The [[Sil-silat-al-nasab-e Safaviyeh]] or ''[[Genealogy]] of the [[Safavids]]'', was written by [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] [[Hossein Abdul Zahedi]], a 17th-century descendant of Zahed Gilani. This [[hagiography]] in praise of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] forebears, was devoted to the genealogy of the Safavid Sufi masters. |
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The [[Turkish peoples|Turkish]] [[Bayrami]] and [[Jelveti]] orders also had their origin in Zahed Gilani's [[Zahediyeh]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] Order. |
The [[Turkish peoples|Turkish]] [[Bayrami]] and [[Jelveti]] orders also had their origin in Zahed Gilani's [[Zahediyeh]] [[Sufism|Sufi]] Order. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of Persian poets and authors]] |
* [[List of Persian poets and authors]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{refbegin|indent=yes}} |
{{refbegin|indent=yes}} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Aubin |first=Jean |date=1991 |title=Shaykh Ibrāhīm Zāhid Gīlānī (1218?-1301) |journal=Turcica:Revue d'études turques |publisher=Peeters |location=Leuven |volume=23 |pages=39–53 |doi=10.2143/TURC.23.0.2014187}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Bahadıroğlu |first1=Mustafa |date=2000 |title=İBRÂHİM ZÂHİD-i GEYLÂNÎ |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibrahim-zahid-i-geylani |encyclopedia=[[İslâm Ansiklopedisi|TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi]] |volume=21 |pages=359–360 |publisher=TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi |location=Istanbul |language=Turkish |isbn=975-3894-48-1}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Bahadıroğlu |first1=Mustafa |date=2000 |title=İBRÂHİM ZÂHİD-i GEYLÂNÎ |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibrahim-zahid-i-geylani |encyclopedia=[[İslâm Ansiklopedisi|TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi]] |volume=21 |pages=359–360 |publisher=TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi |location=Istanbul |language=Turkish |isbn=975-3894-48-1}} |
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* {{EI2 |last1=Minorsky |first1=V. |authorlink1=Vladimir Minorsky |last2=Elwell-Sutton |first2=L. P. |authorlink2=Laurence Paul Elwell-Sutton |title=Lankoran |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/lankoran-SIM_4643 |volume=5 |pages=656–657}} |
* {{EI2 |last1=Minorsky |first1=V. |authorlink1=Vladimir Minorsky |last2=Elwell-Sutton |first2=L. P. |authorlink2=Laurence Paul Elwell-Sutton |title=Lankoran |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/lankoran-SIM_4643 |volume=5 |pages=656–657}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Esfandiar |first1=Mahmoud-Reza |date=2016 |script-title=fa:زاهد گیلانی |trans-title=Zahed Gilani |url=http://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/14482 |editor1-last=Haddad-Adel |editor1-first=Gholam-Ali |editor1-link=Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel |encyclopedia=[[:fa:دانشنامه جهان اسلام|Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam]] |volume=21 |pages= |publisher=[[ |
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Esfandiar |first1=Mahmoud-Reza |date=2016 |script-title=fa:زاهد گیلانی |trans-title=Zahed Gilani |url=http://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/14482 |editor1-last=Haddad-Adel |editor1-first=Gholam-Ali |editor1-link=Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel |encyclopedia=[[:fa:دانشنامه جهان اسلام|Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam]] |volume=21 |pages= |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation]] |location=Tehran |language=Persian |isbn=978-600-447022-3}} |
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* Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,''Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587-1629'', 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, {{ISBN|978-1595845672}}, English translation by Azizeh Azodi. |
* Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,''Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587-1629'', 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, {{ISBN|978-1595845672}}, English translation by Azizeh Azodi. |
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* E.G. Browne. ''Literary History of Persia''. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. {{ISBN|0-7007-0406-X}} |
* E.G. Browne. ''Literary History of Persia''. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. {{ISBN|0-7007-0406-X}} |
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* Jan Rypka, ''History of Iranian Literature''. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 {{OCLC|460598}}. {{ISBN|90-277-0143-1}} |
* Jan Rypka, ''History of Iranian Literature''. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 {{OCLC|460598}}. {{ISBN|90-277-0143-1}} |
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* |
* ''Derwische im Vorhof der Macht.'' Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-515-05758-7. |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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{{Iran-writer-stub}} |
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{{Islam-bio-stub}} |
{{Islam-bio-stub}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilani, Zahed}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilani, Zahed}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1218 births]] |
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[[Category:1301 deaths]] |
[[Category:1301 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Iranian |
[[Category:Iranian Sufi religious leaders]] |
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[[Category:Iranian Sufis]] |
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[[Category:Safaviyeh order]] |
[[Category:Safaviyeh order]] |
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[[Category:Kurdish Sufis]] |
[[Category:Kurdish Sufis]] |
Revision as of 04:26, 2 April 2024
Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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Islam portal |
Taj Al-Din Ebrahim ibn Rushan Amir Al-Kurdi Al-Sanjani (or Sinjani; Persian:تاج الدين ابراهيم كردی سنجانی) (1218 – 1301), titled Sheikh Zahed (or Zahid) Gilani, was an Iranian Grandmaster (murshid-i kamil) of the famed Zahediyeh Sufi order at Lahijan.[1][2][3][4][5] He is also known as Sultân-ûl Khalwatiyya[6] and Tadj’ad-Dīn Ebraheem Zāheed al-Geylānī as well.
According to Minorsky and Elwell-Sutton at the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the tomb of Sheikh Zahed is situated a few miles to the south of the town of Lankaran.[7] However, another tomb dedicated to him can be found in Lahijan.
Leben
Zahed Gilani was probably a Talysh.[8]
Since the mid-13th century, Sheikh Zahed has been revered as a spiritual authority and his tomb near Lahijan in Iran's Gilan Province, on the shores of the Caspian Sea, draws numerous pilgrims to the village of Sheikhanvar. His ancestors came from the ancient Iranian city of Sanjan in Khorasan (located in present-day Turkmenistan). Fleeing the Seljuq invasion that would eventually conquer large parts of Persia, his ancestors settled in Gilan in the late 11th century. Taj Al-Din Zahed Gilani was able to attain cultural and religious influence on the Ilkhanid rulers (1256–1353), descendants of Genghis Khan, who followed Seljuq rule.
His most notable disciple was Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334), the Eponym of the Safavid dynasty (1501–1736). He wed Zahed's daughter Bibi Fatima and, overgoing the interest of Zahed's firstborn son, Gamal Al-Din Ali, was entrusted with the Grand Master's Zahediyeh Sufi Order, which he transformed into his own, the Safaviyya (Sufi order) Order. Zahed Gilani's second-born son, Sadr al-Dīn, wed Safi Al-Din's daughter from a previous marriage. 170 years after Safi Al-Din's death (and 200 years after the death of Sheikh Zahed Gilani) Safaviyya had gained sufficient political and military power to claim the Throne of (Northern) Iran for the Safavid Heir, Shah Ismail I Safavi. The two families were to be intertwined for many centuries to come, by blood as well as mutual spiritual causes.
The Sil-silat-al-nasab-e Safaviyeh or Genealogy of the Safavids, was written by Pir Hossein Abdul Zahedi, a 17th-century descendant of Zahed Gilani. This hagiography in praise of the Safavid forebears, was devoted to the genealogy of the Safavid Sufi masters.
The Turkish Bayrami and Jelveti orders also had their origin in Zahed Gilani's Zahediyeh Sufi Order.
See also
References
- ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islām: 4. cilt, 1. sayı, Brill, 1934, s. 57: "...Tadj al-Din Ibrahim b. Rawshan Amir b. Babil b. Shaikh Bundâr al-Kurdi al-Sandjani of Gilan..."
- ^ Ensiklopedia sejarah Islam, 3. cilt, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1986, s. 1207: "Sehikh Zahid Taj al-Din Ibrahim b. Rawshan Amir b. Babil b. Sheikh Bundâr al-Kurdi al-Sanjani ..."
- ^ Doç. Dr. Süleyman Gökbulut, "İbrahim Zahid Gilanî Üzerine Bir İnceleme", Sûfî Araştırmaları - Sufi Studies, Sayı 13, s. 50
- ^ Serap Şah, Safvetü's-Safâ'da Safiyyüddîn-i Erdebîlî'nin hayatı, tasavvufi görüşleri ve menkibeleri, Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Temel İslam Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Tasavvuf Bilim Dalı, İstanbul 2007, s. 30-31, s.66, s.340
- ^ Şeyx Səfi Təzkirəsi. Səfvətüs-səfanın XVI əsr türk tərcüməsi. Bakı: Nurlan, 2006, s. 135
- ^ Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı, Türkiye'de Mezhepler ve Tarikâtlar (Madh'habs and Tariqat in Turkey), İnkılâp Yayınevi, 1997.
- ^ Minorsky & Elwell-Sutton 1986, p. 657.
- ^ Borjian, Habib; Asatrian, Garnik (January 2005). "Talish and the Talishis (The State of Research)". Iran and the Caucasus. 9 (1): 44. doi:10.1163/1573384054068169. JSTOR 4030905.
Further reading
- Aubin, Jean (1991). "Shaykh Ibrāhīm Zāhid Gīlānī (1218?-1301)". Turcica:Revue d'études turques. 23. Leuven: Peeters: 39–53. doi:10.2143/TURC.23.0.2014187.
- Bahadıroğlu, Mustafa (2000). "İBRÂHİM ZÂHİD-i GEYLÂNÎ". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 21. Istanbul: TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. pp. 359–360. ISBN 975-3894-48-1.
- Minorsky, V. & Elwell-Sutton, L. P. (1986). "Lankoran". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 656–657. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
- Esfandiar, Mahmoud-Reza (2016). زاهد گیلانی [Zahed Gilani]. In Haddad-Adel, Gholam-Ali (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam (in Persian). Vol. 21. Tehran: Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation. ISBN 978-600-447022-3.
- Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587-1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN 978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi.
- E.G. Browne. Literary History of Persia. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X
- Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1
- Derwische im Vorhof der Macht. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-515-05758-7.