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{{short description|Component of the US Army and military of the U.S. state of Oklahoma}}
The '''Oklahoma Army National Guard''' is the [[Army National Guard]] component of the [[Oklahoma National Guard]]. The Commander in Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard is the [[Governor of Oklahoma]], who appoints the State Adjutant General (TAG), a [[Major General]] from either Army or Air. Currently, the TAG is Major General (MG) Michael C. Thompson, formerly director of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety.<ref>http://www.ok.ng.mil/leaders/adjutant-general/</ref> The previous TAG was MG Robbie Asher.
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| unit_name = Oklahoma Army National Guard
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| image =Oklahoma National Guard logo.png
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| caption =Oklahoma National Guard logo
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| country = [[United States]]
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| allegiance = [[Oklahoma National Guard]]
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| role = Army National Guard
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<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander =[[Thomas H. Mancino]]
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The '''Oklahoma Army National Guard''' is the [[Army National Guard]] component of the [[Oklahoma National Guard]]. The Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard is the [[Governor of Oklahoma]]. He appoints the State Adjutant General (TAG) who is a [[Major General]] from either Army or Air. Currently, the TAG is Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Mancino.<ref>[https://ok.ng.mil/Leaders/Adjutant-General/ Adjutant General for Oklahoma]</ref> The previous TAG was Maj. Gen. Michael Thompson.
The history of the OK ARNG SOF aviation "Lords of Darkness" is complicated. Early aviation units in the OK ARNG appears to have included the 245th Medical Company (Air Ambulance) and the 145th Aviation. Company (1968), seemingly amalgamated into the 445th Aviation Company (1971); the 445th Aviation Company was reorganized as Company B, [[149th Aviation Regiment|149th Aviation]] Battalion (September 1978); and in May 1982, the 45th Aviation Battalion (Light Combat Helicopter) was organised as a Special Operations Forces unit. Organizational Authority #168-87 (5 August 1987) reorganized the 45th Aviation Battalion as the 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation, as of 1 October 1987.<ref name="LordsODOK463">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=JSvIIjIl4XMC&pg=PA463&dq=45th+Aviation+Battalion+as+the+1st+Bn+245th+Aviation,+effective#v=onepage&q=45th%20Aviation%20Battalion%20as%20the%201st%20Bn%20245th%20Aviation,%20effective&f=false|title=Lords of Darkness: A History of the 45th Avn Bn (Sp Ops) and OKARNG Aviation|author=Col Billy R. Wood, US Army (retired)|date=2011-08-18|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781462027224|language=en|page=463}}</ref> On 5 August 1987 the 245th Aviation was constituted in the Oklahoma Army National Guard, a parent regiment under the [[United States Army Regimental System]]. It was organized 1 October 1987 to consist of the 1st Battalion (Special Operations) (Airborne) at Sperry. The 1st Battalion relocated to Tulsa on 1 July 1989. In 1986-87 there was a struggle by the OK ARNG to be accepted as a Special Operations Aviation team member by Army Special Operations Command at [[Fort Bragg]] and the active Army's [[160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment]].<ref name="LordsODOK467">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=JSvIIjIl4XMC&pg=PA463&dq=45th+Aviation+Battalion+as+the+1st+Bn+245th+Aviation,+effective#v=onepage&q=45th%20Aviation%20Battalion%20as%20the%201st%20Bn%20245th%20Aviation,%20effective&f=false|title=Lords of Darkness: A History of the 45th Aviation Battalion (Special Ops) and OKARNG Aviation|author=Col Billy R. Wood, US Army (retired)|date=2011-08-18|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781462027224|language=en|page=467}}</ref> But it appears that that process was generally successful. The unit flew 6,298 flying hours in 1992.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/special-guard-unit-stays-on-the-move/article_11725596-664f-5731-ad57-bab68e0a3abf.html|title=Special Guard Unit Stays On the Move|newspaper=Tulsa World|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref> The unit may have been deactivated in 1994.


The history of the OK ARNG SOF aviation "Lords of Darkness" is complicated. Early aviation units in the OK ARNG appear to have included the 245th Medical Company (Air Ambulance) and the 145th Aviation Company (1968), seemingly amalgamated into the 445th Aviation Company (1971); the 445th Aviation Company was reorganized as Company B, [[149th Aviation Regiment|149th Aviation]] Battalion (September 1978); and in May 1982, the 45th Aviation Battalion (Light Combat Helicopter) was organised as a Special Operations Forces unit. Organizational Authority #168-87 (5 August 1987) reorganized the 45th Aviation Battalion as the 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation, as of 1 October 1987.<ref name="LordsODOK463">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JSvIIjIl4XMC&q=45th+Aviation+Battalion+as+the+1st+Bn+245th+Aviation%2C+effective&pg=PA463|title=Lords of Darkness: A History of the 45th Avn Bn (Sp Ops) and OKARNG Aviation|author=Col Billy R. Wood, US Army (retired)|date=2011-08-18|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781462027224|language=en|page=463}}</ref> On 5 August 1987, the 245th Aviation was constituted in the Oklahoma Army National Guard, a parent regiment under the [[United States Army Regimental System]]. It was organized on 1 October 1987 to consist of the 1st Battalion (Special Operations) (Airborne) at Sperry. The 1st Battalion relocated to Tulsa on 1 July 1989. In 1986-87 there was a struggle by the OK ARNG to be accepted as a Special Operations Aviation team member by Army Special Operations Command at [[Fort Bragg]] and the active Army's [[160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment]].<ref name="LordsODOK467">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JSvIIjIl4XMC&q=45th+Aviation+Battalion+as+the+1st+Bn+245th+Aviation%2C+effective&pg=PA463|title=Lords of Darkness: A History of the 45th Aviation Battalion (Special Ops) and OKARNG Aviation|author=Col Billy R. Wood, US Army (retired)|date=2011-08-18|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781462027224|language=en|page=467}}</ref> It appears this process was successful since the unit flew 6,298 flying hours in 1992.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/special-guard-unit-stays-on-the-move/article_11725596-664f-5731-ad57-bab68e0a3abf.html|title=Special Guard Unit Stays On the Move|newspaper=Tulsa World|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref> However, this unit may have been deactivated in 1994.
At some point 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation (Special Operations) was reorganized into 1st Battalion (Airfield Operations), 245th Aviation. In January 2016 the unit was preparing for deployment to the [[Middle East]]; at that time, pre-deployment training was scheduled for May-June 2016 at the state training site, [[Camp Gruber]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.muskogeephoenix.com/news/airport-manager-prepares-for-deployment/article_346e5848-9871-54eb-8057-ab13b2f8d910.html|title=Airport manager prepares for deployment|last=Writer|first=Mark Hughes Phoenix Staff|newspaper=Muskogee Phoenix|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref>

At some point 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation (Special Operations) was reorganized into 1st Battalion (Airfield Operations), 245th Aviation. In January 2016 the unit prepared for deployment to the [[Middle East]]. Pre-deployment training was scheduled for May-June 2016 at the state training site, [[Camp Gruber]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.muskogeephoenix.com/news/airport-manager-prepares-for-deployment/article_346e5848-9871-54eb-8057-ab13b2f8d910.html|title=Airport manager prepares for deployment|last=Writer|first=Mark Hughes Phoenix Staff|newspaper=Muskogee Phoenix|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref>


==Units==
==Units==
The Oklahoma Army National Guard consists of the following elements:
The Oklahoma Army National Guard consists of the following elements:
*Joint Forces Command--Ground Component
*Joint Forces Command--Ground Component
**[[90th Troop Command]]<ref name="90TC">{{cite web|url=https://ok.ng.mil/Units/Pages/90th-troop-command.aspx|title=90th Troop Command|publisher=Oklahoma National Guard|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref>
**[[File:45th Infantry insignia (thunderbird).svg|25x25px]][[90th Troop Command]]<ref name="90TC">{{cite web|url=https://ok.ng.mil/Units/Pages/90th-troop-command.aspx|title=90th Troop Command|publisher=Oklahoma National Guard|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref>
***Headquarters, 90th Troop Command at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
***Headquarters, 90th Troop Command at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
***120th Engineer Battalion at Broken Arrow, Oklahoma<ref name="90TC"/>
***[[File:120 Eng Bn DUI.png|40x40px]]120th Engineer Battalion at Broken Arrow, Oklahoma<ref name="90TC"/>
**** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
**** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
**** Company A (Forward Support Company)
**** Company A (Forward Support Company)
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**** 1120th Engineer Detachment
**** 1120th Engineer Detachment
**** 120th Medical Company (Area Support)
**** 120th Medical Company (Area Support)
***345th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion<ref name="90TC"/>
***[[File:US Army 345 MI Bn DUI.png|25x25px]]345th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion<ref name="90TC"/>
**** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
**** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
**** 1245th Transportation Company
**** 1245th Transportation Company
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***145th Army Band<ref name="90TC"/>
***145th Army Band<ref name="90TC"/>
***145th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dvidshub.net/units/145MPAD | title=DVIDS - 145th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment}}</ref><ref name="90TC"/>
***145th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dvidshub.net/units/145MPAD | title=DVIDS - 145th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment}}</ref><ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[245th Aviation Regiment (United States)|2nd Battalion, 245th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[File:245 Avn Rgt DUI.png|26x26px]][[245th Aviation Regiment (United States)|2d Battalion, 245th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
**** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
**** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
**** Company C
**** Company C
*** [[140th Aviation Regiment (United States)|3rd Battalion (Security & Support), 140th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[File:140 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25x25px]][[140th Aviation Regiment (United States)|3rd Battalion (Security & Support), 140th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
****Company C
****Company C
*****Detachment 1
*****Detachment 1
*** [[149th Aviation Regiment (United States)|2nd Battalion (General Support), 149th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[File:149 Avn Rgt DUI.png|26x26px]][[149th Aviation Regiment (United States)|2d Battalion (General Support), 149th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
****Company B (CH-47)
****Company B (CH-47)
*****Detachment 1
*****Detachment 1
*** [[169th Aviation Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion (General Support), 169th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[File:169 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25x25px]][[169th Aviation Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion (General Support), 169th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
****Company C
****Company C
*****Detachment 1
*****Detachment 1
*** [[238th Aviation Regiment (United States)|2nd Battalion, 238th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[File:238 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25x25px]][[238th Aviation Regiment (United States)|2d Battalion, 238th Aviation Regiment]]<ref name="90TC"/>
**** Company F
**** Company F
*** [[834th Aviation Support Battalion]]<ref name="90TC"/>
*** [[File:834 Spt Bn DUI.png|25x25px]][[834th Aviation Support Battalion]]<ref name="90TC"/>
**** Company B
**** Company B
***Medical Detachment<ref name="90TC"/>
***Medical Detachment<ref name="90TC"/>
**[[45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)|45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ok.ng.mil/units/Pages/45th-ibct.aspx|title=45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team|publisher=Oklahoma National Guard|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref>
**[[File:45th Infantry insignia (thunderbird).svg|25x25px]][[45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)|45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ok.ng.mil/units/Pages/45th-ibct.aspx|title=45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team|publisher=Oklahoma National Guard|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref>
***[[180th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Squadron (RSTA), 180th Cavalry Regiment]]
***[[File:180thCAVDUI.png|31x31px]][[180th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Squadron (RSTA), 180th Cavalry Regiment]]
*** [[File:134th Infantry Regiment (Airborne) DUI.png|27x27px]] [[2nd Battalion, 134th Infantry Regiment (Airborne)]] ([[Nebraska Army National Guard]]) <ref>https://www.army.mil/article/229621/nebraska_stands_up_hooks_up_airborne_infantry_battalion Nebraska stands up, hooks up airborne infantry battalion</ref>
***[[179th Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 179th Infantry Regiment]]
***[[279th Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 279th Infantry Regiment]]
***[[File:179 Inf Rgt DUI.png|35x35px]][[179th Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 179th Infantry Regiment]]
***[[160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 160th Field Artillery Regiment]] (105mm Towed)
***[[File:279INFdui.png|27x27px]][[279th Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 279th Infantry Regiment]]
***[[File:160th FA DUI.png|32x32px]][[160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 160th Field Artillery Regiment]] (105mm Towed)
***[[700th Support Battalion (United States)|700th Brigade Support Battalion]]
***[[File:700thSPTDUI.png|30x30px]][[700th Support Battalion (United States)|700th Brigade Support Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/spt/0700sptbn.htm|title = 700th Support Battalion &#124; Lineage and Honors &#124; U.S. Army Center of Military History}}</ref>
***[[45th Brigade Special Troops Battalion|545th Brigade Engineer Battalion]]
***[[File:45BSTBdui.png|36x36px]][[45th Brigade Special Troops Battalion|545th Brigade Engineer Battalion]]
**[[45th Field Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ok.ng.mil/units/Pages/45th-fab.aspx|title=45th Field Artillery Brigade|publisher=Oklahoma National Guard|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref>
**[[File:USA - 45 FAB.png|37x37px]][[45th Field Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ok.ng.mil/units/Pages/45th-fab.aspx|title=45th Field Artillery Brigade|publisher=Oklahoma National Guard|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref>
***[[158th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 158th Field Artillery Regiment]] (HIMARS)
***[[File:Unit Insignia of the 45th Fires Brigade of the United States Army.png|27x27px]]Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
***271st Brigade Support Battalion
***[[File:158thFADUI.png|26x26px]][[158th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 158th Field Artillery Regiment]] (HIMARS)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0158fa.htm|title=158th Field Artillery Regiment &#124; Lineage and Honors &#124; U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)}}</ref>
***Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
***[[File:271 Spt Bn DUI.jpg|26x26px]]271st Brigade Support Battalion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/spt/0271sptbn.htm|title = 271st Support Battalion &#124; Lineage and Honors &#124; U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)}}</ref>
***205th Network Signal Company
***205th Signal Company (Network)
**Oklahoma Regional Training Institute
**Oklahoma Regional Training Institute
***[[189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 189th Field Artillery Regiment]]
***[[File:189thFADUI.png|32x32px]][[189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion, 189th Field Artillery Regiment]]
***[[189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|2d Battalion (General Support), 189th Field Artillery Regiment]]
***[[File:189thFADUI.png|32x32px]][[189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|2d Battalion (General Support), 189th Field Artillery Regiment]]


The OKARNG controls the [[Camp Gruber]] Maneuver Training Center located near Braggs, Oklahoma.
The OKARNG controls the [[Camp Gruber]] Maneuver Training Center located near Braggs, Oklahoma.


==History==
==History==
In 2021, the Oklahoma National Guard soldiers and Airmen helped to distribute food and water to citizens affected by [[Hurricane Ida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma National Guardsmen distribute food and water after Hurricane Ida|url=https://www.ang.af.mil/Media/Article-Display/Article/2770107/oklahoma-national-guardsmen-distribute-food-and-water-after-hurricane-ida/|publisher=Senior Airman Alex Kaelke|access-date=12 September 2021|date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma National Guard provides aid to citizens affected by Hurricane Ida|url=https://www.tahlequahdailypress.com/news/oklahoma-national-guard-provides-aid-to-citizens-affected-by-hurricane-ida/article_be534981-8f89-5e27-ba42-e97bf1edbdb9.html|publisher=tahlequahdailypress|access-date=12 September 2021|date=12 September 2021}}</ref>
===Historic units===
===Historic units===
* [[File:158FARegtCOA.jpg|50px]] [[158th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)]]
* [[File:158FARegtCOA.jpg|50px]] [[158th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|158th Field Artillery Regiment]]
* [[File:160FARegtCOA.jpg|50px]] [[160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)]]
* [[File:160FARegtCOA.jpg|50px]] [[160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|160th Field Artillery Regiment]]
* [[File:171FARegtCOA.png|50px]] [[171st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)]]
* [[File:171FARegtCOA.png|50px]] [[171st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|171st Field Artillery Regiment]]
* [[File:189FARegtCOA.png|50px]] [[189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)]]
* [[File:Coat of arms of the 189th Field Artillery Regiment.svg|50px]] [[189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|189th Field Artillery Regiment]]
* [[File:179th InfantryCOA.png|50px]] [[179th Infantry Regiment (United States)]]
* [[File:179th InfantryCOA.png|50px]] [[179th Infantry Regiment (United States)|179th Infantry Regiment]]
* [[File:180th infantrycoa.jpeg|50px]] [[180th Infantry Regiment (United States)]]
* [[File:180th infantrycoa.jpeg|50px]] [[180th Infantry Regiment (United States)|180th Infantry Regiment]]


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 13:11, 8 April 2024

Oklahoma Army National Guard
Oklahoma National Guard logo
CountryUnited States
AllegianceOklahoma National Guard
RoleArmy National Guard
Commanders
Current
commander
Thomas H. Mancino

The Oklahoma Army National Guard is the Army National Guard component of the Oklahoma National Guard. The Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard is the Governor of Oklahoma. He appoints the State Adjutant General (TAG) who is a Major General from either Army or Air. Currently, the TAG is Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Mancino.[1] The previous TAG was Maj. Gen. Michael Thompson.

The history of the OK ARNG SOF aviation "Lords of Darkness" is complicated. Early aviation units in the OK ARNG appear to have included the 245th Medical Company (Air Ambulance) and the 145th Aviation Company (1968), seemingly amalgamated into the 445th Aviation Company (1971); the 445th Aviation Company was reorganized as Company B, 149th Aviation Battalion (September 1978); and in May 1982, the 45th Aviation Battalion (Light Combat Helicopter) was organised as a Special Operations Forces unit. Organizational Authority #168-87 (5 August 1987) reorganized the 45th Aviation Battalion as the 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation, as of 1 October 1987.[2] On 5 August 1987, the 245th Aviation was constituted in the Oklahoma Army National Guard, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System. It was organized on 1 October 1987 to consist of the 1st Battalion (Special Operations) (Airborne) at Sperry. The 1st Battalion relocated to Tulsa on 1 July 1989. In 1986-87 there was a struggle by the OK ARNG to be accepted as a Special Operations Aviation team member by Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg and the active Army's 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment.[3] It appears this process was successful since the unit flew 6,298 flying hours in 1992.[4] However, this unit may have been deactivated in 1994.

At some point 1st Battalion, 245th Aviation (Special Operations) was reorganized into 1st Battalion (Airfield Operations), 245th Aviation. In January 2016 the unit prepared for deployment to the Middle East. Pre-deployment training was scheduled for May-June 2016 at the state training site, Camp Gruber.[5]

Units

The Oklahoma Army National Guard consists of the following elements:

The OKARNG controls the Camp Gruber Maneuver Training Center located near Braggs, Oklahoma.

History

In 2021, the Oklahoma National Guard soldiers and Airmen helped to distribute food and water to citizens affected by Hurricane Ida.[14][15]

Historic units

References

  1. ^ Adjutant General for Oklahoma
  2. ^ Col Billy R. Wood, US Army (retired) (2011-08-18). Lords of Darkness: A History of the 45th Avn Bn (Sp Ops) and OKARNG Aviation. iUniverse. p. 463. ISBN 9781462027224.
  3. ^ Col Billy R. Wood, US Army (retired) (2011-08-18). Lords of Darkness: A History of the 45th Aviation Battalion (Special Ops) and OKARNG Aviation. iUniverse. p. 467. ISBN 9781462027224.
  4. ^ "Special Guard Unit Stays On the Move". Tulsa World. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  5. ^ Writer, Mark Hughes Phoenix Staff. "Airport manager prepares for deployment". Muskogee Phoenix. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "90th Troop Command". Oklahoma National Guard. November 18, 2019.
  7. ^ "DVIDS - 145th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment".
  8. ^ "45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team". Oklahoma National Guard. November 18, 2019.
  9. ^ https://www.army.mil/article/229621/nebraska_stands_up_hooks_up_airborne_infantry_battalion Nebraska stands up, hooks up airborne infantry battalion
  10. ^ "700th Support Battalion | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History".
  11. ^ "45th Field Artillery Brigade". Oklahoma National Guard. November 18, 2019.
  12. ^ "158th Field Artillery Regiment | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)".
  13. ^ "271st Support Battalion | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)".
  14. ^ "Oklahoma National Guardsmen distribute food and water after Hurricane Ida". Senior Airman Alex Kaelke. 10 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  15. ^ "Oklahoma National Guard provides aid to citizens affected by Hurricane Ida". tahlequahdailypress. 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.