Politics of Victoria: Difference between revisions
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{{More citations needed|date=October 2012}} |
{{More citations needed|date=October 2012}} |
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{{short description|Overview of politics in Victoria}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} |
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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2023}} |
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{{Politics of Australia sidebar}} |
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'''Politics of the Australian state of Victoria''' takes place in the context of a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliamentary system, and like other Australian states, Victoria is part of the federation known as the Commonwealth of Australia. |
'''Politics of the Australian state of Victoria''' takes place in the context of a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliamentary system, and like other Australian states, Victoria is part of the federation known as the Commonwealth of Australia. |
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The [[Victorian Legislative Council]] (upper house) has 40 members (or MLCs), representing eight [[Electoral regions of Victoria|electoral regions]]. Five members are elected for each province using a [[proportional representation|proportional voting system]]/[[Single transferable voting]]. Prior to 2003, the Legislative Council comprised 44 members from 22 two-member provinces until a 2001 constitutional committee recommended the council be re-organised to the current system. |
The [[Victorian Legislative Council]] (upper house) has 40 members (or MLCs), representing eight [[Electoral regions of Victoria|electoral regions]]. Five members are elected for each province using a [[proportional representation|proportional voting system]]/[[Single transferable voting]]. Prior to 2003, the Legislative Council comprised 44 members from 22 two-member provinces until a 2001 constitutional committee recommended the council be re-organised to the current system. |
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General elections are held every four years, electing the entire Legislative Assembly and half of the Legislative Council. The [[ |
General elections are held every four years, electing the entire Legislative Assembly and half of the Legislative Council. The [[2022 Victorian state election|last state election]] was on Saturday, 26 November 2022. |
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==Federal politics== |
==Federal politics== |
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Victoria is currently governed by the [[Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)|Australian Labor Party]], which regained power in the [[2014 Victorian state election]]; the Labor Party have governed Victoria for all but eleven of the past {{age in years|8 April 1982}} years (1982–1992, 1999–2010, 2014–present). The other major parties are the [[Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division)|Liberal]] and [[National Party of Australia – Victoria|National]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] parties. |
Victoria is currently governed by the [[Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)|Australian Labor Party]], which regained power in the [[2014 Victorian state election]]; the Labor Party have governed Victoria for all but eleven of the past {{age in years|8 April 1982}} years (1982–1992, 1999–2010, 2014–present). The other major parties are the [[Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division)|Liberal]] and [[National Party of Australia – Victoria|National]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] parties. |
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Other current Parliamentary parties in Victorian politics include the [[Australian Greens Victoria|Greens |
Other current Parliamentary parties in Victorian politics include the [[Australian Greens Victoria|Greens]], the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP), the [[Animal Justice Party]], the [[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)|Democratic Labour Party]] (DLP), the [[Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party]], and [[Pauline Hanson's One Nation]]. All state Parliamentary parties except for the LDP, the DLP and Transport Matters are registered to contest federal elections. |
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Parties not represented in the Parliament include the [[Companions and Pets Party]], the [[Health Australia Party]], |
Parties not represented in the Parliament include the [[Companions and Pets Party]], the [[Health Australia Party]], and the [[Victorian Socialists]]. Of these four parties, only One Nation is registered to contest federal elections. |
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==Referendum results in Victoria== |
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===Results of referendums=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|+<ref name="Handbook">Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014) {{cite web |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22handbook%2Fnewhandbook%2F2014-10-31%2F0049%22 |title=Part 5 – Referendums and Plebiscites – Referendum results |publisher=[[Parliamentary Library of Australia]] }}.</ref> |
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|- |
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! align="left" | Year |
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! align="right" | No. |
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! align="left" | Name |
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! National Voters |
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! States |
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! align="center" | [[Victoria (state)|VIC]] |
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|- |
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| [[1906 Australian referendum|1906]] |
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| align="right" | 1 |
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|{{yes|[[1906 Australian Senate elections referendum|Senate Elections]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|82.65%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|83.10%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1910 Australian referendum|1910]] |
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| align="right" | 2 |
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| {{yes|[[1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)|State Debts]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|54.95%}} |
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| {{Yes|5:1}} |
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| {{yes|64.59%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 3 |
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| {{no|[[1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue)|Surplus Revenue]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.04%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|45.26%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1911 Australian referendum|1911]] |
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| align="right" | 4 |
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| {{no|[[1911 Australian referendum (Trade and Commerce)|Trade and Commerce]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|39.42%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|38.64%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 5 |
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| {{no|[[1911 Australian referendum (Monopolies)|Monopolies]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|39.89%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|38.95%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="6" | [[1913 Australian referendum|1913]] |
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| align="right" | 6 |
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| {{no|[[1913 Australian referendum (Trade and Commerce)|Trade and Commerce]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.38%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|49.12%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 7 |
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| {{no|[[1913 Australian referendum (Corporations)|Corporations]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.33%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|49.14%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 8 |
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| {{no|[[1913 Australian referendum (Industrial Matters)|Industrial Matters]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.33%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|49.02%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 9 |
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| {{no|[[1913 Australian referendum (Trusts)|Trusts]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.78%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|49.71%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 10 |
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| {{no|[[1913 Australian referendum (Monopolies)|Monopolies]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.33%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|49.07%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 11 |
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| {{no|[[1913 Australian referendum (Railway Disputes)|Railway Disputes]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.13%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|48.79%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1919 Australian referendum|1919]] |
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| align="right" | 12 |
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| {{no|[[1919 Australian referendum (Legislative Powers)|Legislative Powers]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.65%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{yes|64.65%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 13 |
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| {{no|[[1919 Australian referendum (Monopolies)|Monopolies]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|48.64%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{yes|63.29%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1926 Australian referendum|1926]] |
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| align="right" | 14 |
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| {{no|[[1926 Australian referendum (Industry and Commerce)|Industry and Commerce]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|43.50%}} |
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| {{No|2:4}} |
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| {{no|36.23%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 15 |
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| {{no|[[1926 Australian referendum (Essential Services)|Essential Services]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|42.80%}} |
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| {{No|2:4}} |
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| {{no|35.55%}} |
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|- |
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| [[1928 Australian referendum|1928]] |
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| align="right" | 16 |
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| {{yes|[[1928 Australian referendum (State Debts)|State Debts]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|74.30%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|87.78%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1937 Australian referendum|1937]] |
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| align="right" | 17 |
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| {{no|[[1937 Australian referendum (Aviation)|Aviation]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|53.56%}} |
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| {{No|2:4}} |
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| {{yes|65.10%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 18 |
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| {{no|[[1937 Australian referendum (Marketing)|Marketing]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|36.26%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|46.58%}} |
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|- |
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| [[1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum|1944]] |
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| align="right" | 19 |
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| {{no|[[1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum|Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|45.99%}} |
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| {{No|2:4}} |
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| {{no|49.31%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="3" | [[1946 Australian referendum|1946]] |
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| align="right" | 20 |
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| {{yes|[[1946 Australian referendum (Social Services)|Social Services]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|54.39%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|55.98%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 21 |
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| {{no|[[1946 Australian referendum (Marketing)|Marketing]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|50.57%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{yes|52.37%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 22 |
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| {{no|[[1946 Australian referendum (Industrial Employment)|Industrial Employment]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|50.30%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{yes|52.08%}} |
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|- |
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| [[1948 Australian referendum|1948]] |
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| align="right" | 23 |
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| {{no|[[1948 Australian rents and prices referendum|Rents and Prices]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|40.66%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|44.63%}} |
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|- |
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| [[1951 Australian referendum|1951]] |
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| align="right" | 24 |
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| {{no|[[1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum|Communists and Communism]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|49.44%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{no|48.71%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1967 Australian referendum|1967]] |
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| align="right" | 25 |
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| {{no|[[1967 Australian referendum (Parliament)|Parliament]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|40.25%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|30.87%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 26 |
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| {{yes|[[1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)|Aboriginals]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|90.77%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|94.68%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" | [[1973 Australian referendum|1973]] |
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| align="right" | 27 |
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| {{no|[[1973 Australian referendum (Prices)|Prices]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|43.81%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|45.18%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 28 |
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| {{no|[[1973 Australian referendum (Incomes)|Incomes]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|34.42%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|33.44%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="4" | [[1974 Australian referendum|1974]] |
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| align="right" | 29 |
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| {{no|[[1974 Australian referendum (Simultaneous Elections)|Simultaneous Elections]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|48.30%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|49.19%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 30 |
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| {{no|[[1974 Australian referendum (Mode of Altering the Constitution)|Mode of Altering the Constitution]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|47.99%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|49.22%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 31 |
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| {{no|[[1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections)|Democratic Elections]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|47.20%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|47.71%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 32 |
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| {{no|[[1974 Australian referendum (Local Government Bodies)|Local Government Bodies]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|46.85%}} |
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| {{No|1:5}} |
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| {{no|47.38%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="4" | [[1977 Australian referendum|1977]] |
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| align="right" | 33 |
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| {{no|[[1977 Australian referendum (Simultaneous Elections)|Simultaneous Elections]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|62.22%}} |
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| {{No|3:3}} |
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| {{yes|65.00%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 34 |
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| {{yes|[[1977 Australian referendum (Senate Casual Vacancies)|Senate Casual Vacancies]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|73.32%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|76.13%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 35 |
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| {{yes|[[1977 Australian referendum (Referendums)|Referendums]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|77.72%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|80.78%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 36 |
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| {{yes|[[1977 Australian referendum (Retirement of Judges)|Retirement of Judges]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|80.10%}} |
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| {{Yes|6:0}} |
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| {{yes|81.43%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" |[[1984 Australian referendum|1984]] |
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| align="right" | 37 |
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| {{no|[[1984 Australian referendum (Terms of Senators)|Terms of Senators]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{Yes|50.64%%}} |
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| {{No|2:4}} |
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| {{yes|53.20%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 38 |
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| {{no|[[1984 Australian referendum (Interchange of Powers)|Interchange of Powers]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|47.06%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|49.86%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="4" |[[1988 Australian referendum|1988]] |
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| align="right" | 39 |
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| {{no|[[1988 Australian referendum (Parliamentary Terms)|Parliamentary Terms]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|32.92%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|36.20%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 40 |
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| {{no|[[1988 Australian referendum (Fair Elections)|Fair Elections]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|37.60%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|40.12%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 41 |
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| {{no|[[1988 Australian referendum (Local Government)|Local Government]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|33.62%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|36.06%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 42 |
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| {{no|[[1988 Australian referendum (Rights and Freedoms)|Rights and Freedoms]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|30.79%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|33.42%}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" |[[1999 Australian republic referendum|1999]] |
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| align="right" | 43 |
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| {{no|[[1999 Australian republic referendum|Establishment of Republic]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|45.13%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|49.84%}} |
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|- |
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| align="right" | 44 |
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| {{no|[[1999 Australian republic referendum#Preamble question|Preamble]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|39.34%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|42.46%}} |
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|- |
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|[[2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum|2023]] {{efn|Results for this referendum are preliminary, and percentages may change, however the result is very likely not to change.}} |
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| align="right" | 45 |
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|{{no|[[2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum|Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice]]|align="left"}} |
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| {{No|39.24%}} |
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| {{No|0:6}} |
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| {{no|44.98%}} |
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|} |
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==Notable Victorian political figures== |
==Notable Victorian political figures== |
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[[Daniel Mannix]]: Catholic archbishop and opponent of conscription in World War I. |
[[Daniel Mannix]]: Catholic archbishop and opponent of conscription in World War I. |
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[[John Wren]]: Bookmaker, underworld figure and politician. |
[[John Wren]]: Bookmaker, underworld figure and politician. The famous novel ''[[Power Without Glory]]'' by [[communist]] author [[Frank Hardy]] was allegedly based on his exploits, although a short TV documentary appearing on ''Rewind'' showed Hardy's portrayal of Wren as a lifelong crime figure was itself politically motivated. Unsuccessful attempts were made to suppress the novel on the grounds of libel, although these backfired and caused the fictional life of Hardy's John West to become tangled with Wren's in the minds of most Australians. |
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[[Robert Menzies]]: |
[[Robert Menzies]]: Australia's longest serving Prime Minister held office during the 1950s and 1960s. Remembered for [[anti-communism]], extreme devotion to the Queen and Empire, and for a period of particular prosperity and a sense of well-being and stability in Australia. |
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[[Henry Bolte]]: |
[[Henry Bolte]]: Premier of Victoria from 1955 to 1972, notable for his conservative populist style and for his role in the last judicial execution (the hanging of [[Ronald Ryan]] in 1967) in Australia. |
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[[Jeff Kennett]]: Premier from 1992 to 1999. His aggressive reforms and populist style led to a surprise electoral loss in 1999 to [[Steve Bracks]]. |
[[Jeff Kennett]]: Premier from 1992 to 1999. His aggressive reforms and populist style led to a surprise electoral loss in 1999 to [[Steve Bracks]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{stack|{{Portal|Victoria}}}} |
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* [[2022 Victorian state election]] |
* [[2022 Victorian state election]] |
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* [[List of elections in Victoria]] |
* [[List of elections in Victoria]] |
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* [[Governors of Victoria]] |
* [[Governors of Victoria]] |
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* [[Victorian Pride Lobby]] |
* [[Victorian Pride Lobby]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Politics of Victoria, Australia}} |
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{{Government of Victoria}} |
{{Government of Victoria}} |
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{{Victoria}} |
{{Victoria}} |
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{{Politics of Australia by state}} |
{{Politics of Australia by state}} |
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{{Political parties in Victoria (Australia)}} |
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[[Category:Politics of Victoria (state)| ]] |
[[Category:Politics of Victoria (state)| ]] |
Revision as of 09:16, 10 April 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2012) |
This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of Australia |
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![]() |
Constitution |
![]() |
Politics of the Australian state of Victoria takes place in the context of a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliamentary system, and like other Australian states, Victoria is part of the federation known as the Commonwealth of Australia.
Victorians, and Melburnians in particular, are considered by some analysts to be more progressive than other Australians.[1] The state recorded the highest Yes votes of any state in the republic referendum and same-sex marriage survey. Victorians are said to be "generally socially progressive, supportive of multiculturalism, wary of extremes of any kind".[2] However, the Liberal Party along with the Nationals at varying points had continuous governance from the 1955 Victorian state election to the 1982 Victorian state election, in part due to the Australian Labor Party split of 1955.
State government
The nominal head of the Government of Victoria is the King of Australia, represented in the state by the Governor of Victoria. Legislative power rests with the Crown and the two houses of the Parliament of Victoria. The powers and responsibilities of the parliament are defined in the Constitution Act 1975.[3]
The Victorian Government is often referred to as "Spring Street", a metonym of the street of that name where the Parliament House of Victoria is located in Melbourne.
Parliament of Victoria
The Parliament of Victoria is bicameral, consisting of a Lower and an Upper house.
The Victorian Legislative Assembly (lower house) is composed of 88 members of parliament, each of whom represent a single electoral district and are elected using a preferential voting system/Instant-runoff voting. The Legislative Assembly currently sits for fixed four-year terms. The leader of the party with a majority in the Legislative Assembly (or with the confidence of the Assembly) is appointed by the Governor as the Premier of Victoria.
The Victorian Legislative Council (upper house) has 40 members (or MLCs), representing eight electoral regions. Five members are elected for each province using a proportional voting system/Single transferable voting. Prior to 2003, the Legislative Council comprised 44 members from 22 two-member provinces until a 2001 constitutional committee recommended the council be re-organised to the current system.
General elections are held every four years, electing the entire Legislative Assembly and half of the Legislative Council. The last state election was on Saturday, 26 November 2022.
Federal politics
Victorian seats in the Australian Parliament | ||
---|---|---|
Political Party |
House of Representatives |
Senate |
ALP | 24 | 4 |
Coalition | 11 | 5 |
Independent | 3 | 0 |
Greens | 1 | 2 |
UAP | 0 | 1 |
Source: Australian Parliament House and Australian Electoral Commission 2019 |
Victoria is divided into 38 federal electoral divisions, each represented by a seat in the Australian House of Representatives. Like other Australian states, Victoria is represented by twelve Senators in the Australian Senate, with six of those Senators elected for two three-year Senate terms at each half-Senate election.
Political parties
The centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia, the centre-right National Party of Australia, and the left-wing environmentalist Australian Greens are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working and middle class western, northern and inner-city suburbs, and the regional cities of Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern suburbs and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals are strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern rural regional areas. The Greens, who won their first lower house seats in 2014, are strongest in inner Melbourne.
Victoria is currently governed by the Australian Labor Party, which regained power in the 2014 Victorian state election; the Labor Party have governed Victoria for all but eleven of the past 42 years (1982–1992, 1999–2010, 2014–present). The other major parties are the Liberal and National Coalition parties.
Other current Parliamentary parties in Victorian politics include the Greens, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), the Animal Justice Party, the Democratic Labour Party (DLP), the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party, and Pauline Hanson's One Nation. All state Parliamentary parties except for the LDP, the DLP and Transport Matters are registered to contest federal elections.
Parties not represented in the Parliament include the Companions and Pets Party, the Health Australia Party, and the Victorian Socialists. Of these four parties, only One Nation is registered to contest federal elections.
Referendum results in Victoria
Results of referendums
Year | No. | Name | National Voters | States | VIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1906 | 1 | Senate Elections | 82.65% | 6:0 | 83.10% |
1910 | 2 | State Debts | 54.95% | 5:1 | 64.59% |
3 | Surplus Revenue | 49.04% | 3:3 | 45.26% | |
1911 | 4 | Trade and Commerce | 39.42% | 1:5 | 38.64% |
5 | Monopolies | 39.89% | 1:5 | 38.95% | |
1913 | 6 | Trade and Commerce | 49.38% | 3:3 | 49.12% |
7 | Corporations | 49.33% | 3:3 | 49.14% | |
8 | Industrial Matters | 49.33% | 3:3 | 49.02% | |
9 | Trusts | 49.78% | 3:3 | 49.71% | |
10 | Monopolies | 49.33% | 3:3 | 49.07% | |
11 | Railway Disputes | 49.13% | 3:3 | 48.79% | |
1919 | 12 | Legislative Powers | 49.65% | 3:3 | 64.65% |
13 | Monopolies | 48.64% | 3:3 | 63.29% | |
1926 | 14 | Industry and Commerce | 43.50% | 2:4 | 36.23% |
15 | Essential Services | 42.80% | 2:4 | 35.55% | |
1928 | 16 | State Debts | 74.30% | 6:0 | 87.78% |
1937 | 17 | Aviation | 53.56% | 2:4 | 65.10% |
18 | Marketing | 36.26% | 0:6 | 46.58% | |
1944 | 19 | Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights | 45.99% | 2:4 | 49.31% |
1946 | 20 | Social Services | 54.39% | 6:0 | 55.98% |
21 | Marketing | 50.57% | 3:3 | 52.37% | |
22 | Industrial Employment | 50.30% | 3:3 | 52.08% | |
1948 | 23 | Rents and Prices | 40.66% | 0:6 | 44.63% |
1951 | 24 | Communists and Communism | 49.44% | 3:3 | 48.71% |
1967 | 25 | Parliament | 40.25% | 1:5 | 30.87% |
26 | Aboriginals | 90.77% | 6:0 | 94.68% | |
1973 | 27 | Prices | 43.81% | 0:6 | 45.18% |
28 | Incomes | 34.42% | 0:6 | 33.44% | |
1974 | 29 | Simultaneous Elections | 48.30% | 1:5 | 49.19% |
30 | Mode of Altering the Constitution | 47.99% | 1:5 | 49.22% | |
31 | Democratic Elections | 47.20% | 1:5 | 47.71% | |
32 | Local Government Bodies | 46.85% | 1:5 | 47.38% | |
1977 | 33 | Simultaneous Elections | 62.22% | 3:3 | 65.00% |
34 | Senate Casual Vacancies | 73.32% | 6:0 | 76.13% | |
35 | Referendums | 77.72% | 6:0 | 80.78% | |
36 | Retirement of Judges | 80.10% | 6:0 | 81.43% | |
1984 | 37 | Terms of Senators | 50.64%% | 2:4 | 53.20% |
38 | Interchange of Powers | 47.06% | 0:6 | 49.86% | |
1988 | 39 | Parliamentary Terms | 32.92% | 0:6 | 36.20% |
40 | Fair Elections | 37.60% | 0:6 | 40.12% | |
41 | Local Government | 33.62% | 0:6 | 36.06% | |
42 | Rights and Freedoms | 30.79% | 0:6 | 33.42% | |
1999 | 43 | Establishment of Republic | 45.13% | 0:6 | 49.84% |
44 | Preamble | 39.34% | 0:6 | 42.46% | |
2023 [a] | 45 | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice | 39.24% | 0:6 | 44.98% |
Notable Victorian political figures
Daniel Mannix: Catholic archbishop and opponent of conscription in World War I.
John Wren: Bookmaker, underworld figure and politician. The famous novel Power Without Glory by communist author Frank Hardy was allegedly based on his exploits, although a short TV documentary appearing on Rewind showed Hardy's portrayal of Wren as a lifelong crime figure was itself politically motivated. Unsuccessful attempts were made to suppress the novel on the grounds of libel, although these backfired and caused the fictional life of Hardy's John West to become tangled with Wren's in the minds of most Australians.
Robert Menzies: Australia's longest serving Prime Minister held office during the 1950s and 1960s. Remembered for anti-communism, extreme devotion to the Queen and Empire, and for a period of particular prosperity and a sense of well-being and stability in Australia.
Henry Bolte: Premier of Victoria from 1955 to 1972, notable for his conservative populist style and for his role in the last judicial execution (the hanging of Ronald Ryan in 1967) in Australia.
Jeff Kennett: Premier from 1992 to 1999. His aggressive reforms and populist style led to a surprise electoral loss in 1999 to Steve Bracks.
See also
- 2022 Victorian state election
- List of elections in Victoria
- Premiers of Victoria
- Governors of Victoria
- Victorian Pride Lobby
Notes
- ^ Results for this referendum are preliminary, and percentages may change, however the result is very likely not to change.
References
- ^ Debbie Cuthbertson (17 November 2017). "Victoria's new age of enlightenment puts NSW in the shade". The Sydney Morning Herald.
Sunny Sydneysiders might consider themselves much more open-minded and free thinking than their archetypal black-clad Melbourne cousins. But taking the political temperature of the two states shows that supposedly dour Victorians are loosening their corsets and becoming much more progressive.
- ^ Gay Alcorn (10 May 2013). "Welcome to Victoria, the progressive state". The Age. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
- ^ Parliament of Victoria - Victoria's Constitution, Department of Justice (Government of Victoria).
- ^ Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014) "Part 5 – Referendums and Plebiscites – Referendum results". Parliamentary Library of Australia..
External links
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