Silver sulfate: Difference between revisions

Silver sulfate
Names
	IUPAC name Silver(I) sulfate
	Other names Disilver sulfate ; Argentous sulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	10294-26-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	140554 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.581
EC Number	233-653-7;
PubChem CID	159865;
UNII	8QG6HV4ZPO ;
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70172884 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2Ag.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2+1;/p-2 Key: YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/2Ag.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2+1;/p-2 Key: YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-NUQVWONBAA;
	SMILES [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	Ag2SO4
Molar mass	311.79 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	5.45 g/cm3 (25 °C); 4.84 g/cm3 (660 °C)
Melting point	652.2–660 °C (1,206.0–1,220.0 °F; 925.4–933.1 K)
Boiling point	1,085 °C (1,985 °F; 1,358 K) decomposition
Solubility in water	0.57 g/100 mL (0 °C); 0.69 g/100 mL (10 °C); 0.83 g/100 mL (25 °C); 0.96 g/100 mL (40 °C); 1.33 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp)	1.2·10−5
Solubility	Dissolves in aq. acids, alcohols, acetone, ether, acetates, amides; Insoluble in ethanol
Solubility in sulfuric acid	8.4498 g/L (0.1 molH2SO4/LH2O); 25.44 g/100 g (13 °C); 31.56 g/100 g (24.5 °C); 127.01 g/100 g (96 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	7.109 g/L (0.5 nEtOH/H2O)
Solubility in acetic acid	7.857 g/L (0.5 nAcOH/H2O)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−9.29·10−5 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	nα = 1.756; nβ = 1.775; nγ = 1.782
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oF56
Space group	Fddd, No. 70
Point group	2/m 2/m 2/m
Lattice constant	a = 10.2699(5) Å, b = 12.7069(7) Å, c = 5.8181(3) Å α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	131.4 J/mol·K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	200.4 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−715.9 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	−618.4 kJ/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H318, H410
Precautionary statements	P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

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Silver sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ag₂SO₄. It is a white solid with low solubility in water.

Preparation and structure

Silver sulfate precipitates as a solid when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is treated with sulfuric acid:

2 AgNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → Ag₂SO₄ + 2 HNO₃

It is purified by recrystallization from concentrated sulfuric acid, a step that expels traces of nitrate.^[7] Silver sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate adopt the same structure.^[8]

Silver(II) sulfate

The synthesis of silver(II) sulfate (AgSO₄) with a divalent silver ion instead of a monovalent silver ion was first reported in 2010^[9] by adding sulfuric acid to silver(II) fluoride (HF escapes). It is a black solid that decomposes exothermically at 120 °C with evolution of oxygen and the formation of the pyrosulfate.

AgF₂ + H₂SO₄ → AgSO₄ + 2 HF

4 AgSO₄ → 2 Ag₂S₂O₇ + O₂

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp. 622–623.
^ ^a ^b ^c Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "silver sulfate". Retrieved 2014-07-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Morris, Marlene C.; McMurdie, Howard F.; Evans, Eloise H.; Paretzkin, Boris; Groot, Johan H. de; Hubbard, Camden R.; Carmel, Simon J. (June 1976). "13". Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns. Vol. 25. Washington: Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards.
^ ^a ^b ^c "MSDS of Silver sulfate". Fisher Scientific, Inc. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Silver sulfate. Retrieved on 2014-07-19.
^ O. Glemser; R. Sauer (1963). "Silver Sulfate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1042. NY, NY: Academic Press.
^ Zachariasen, W. H. (1932). "Note on the Crystal Structure of Silver Sulphate, Ag₂SO₄". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 82 (1–6): 161–162. doi:10.1524/zkri.1932.82.1.161. S2CID 101362527.
^ Malinowski, P.; Derzsi, M.; Mazej, Z.; Jagličić, Z.; Gaweł, B.; Lasocha, W.; Grochala, W. (2010). "Ag(II)SO(4): A Genuine Sulfate of Divalent Silver with Anomalously Strong One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 49 (9): 1683–1686. doi:10.1002/anie.200906863. PMID 20084660.

[crc-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.

[sioc-2] Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp. 622–623.

[chemister-3] Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "silver sulfate". Retrieved 2014-07-19.

[nbs25-13-4] Morris, Marlene C.; McMurdie, Howard F.; Evans, Eloise H.; Paretzkin, Boris; Groot, Johan H. de; Hubbard, Camden R.; Carmel, Simon J. (June 1976). "13". Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns. Vol. 25. Washington: Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards.

[fca-5] "MSDS of Silver sulfate". Fisher Scientific, Inc. Retrieved 2014-07-19.

[sigma-6] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Silver sulfate. Retrieved on 2014-07-19.

[7] O. Glemser; R. Sauer (1963). "Silver Sulfate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1042. NY, NY: Academic Press.

[8] Zachariasen, W. H. (1932). "Note on the Crystal Structure of Silver Sulphate, Ag₂SO₄". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 82 (1–6): 161–162. doi:10.1524/zkri.1932.82.1.161. S2CID 101362527.

[9] Malinowski, P.; Derzsi, M.; Mazej, Z.; Jagličić, Z.; Gaweł, B.; Lasocha, W.; Grochala, W. (2010). "Ag(II)SO(4): A Genuine Sulfate of Divalent Silver with Anomalously Strong One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 49 (9): 1683–1686. doi:10.1002/anie.200906863. PMID 20084660.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{chembox
-| Watchedfields = changed
+| Watchedfields  = changed
-| verifiedrevid = 464391509
+| verifiedrevid  = 464391509
-| Name = Silver sulfate
+| Name           = Silver sulfate
-| ImageFile = silver sulfate.png
+| ImageFile      = silver sulfate.png
-| ImageSize = 160px
+| ImageSize      = 160px
-| ImageName = Skeletal formula of silver sulfate
+| ImageName      = Skeletal formula of silver sulfate
-| ImageFile1 = Zilversulfaat.JPG
+| ImageFile1     = Silver(I)-sulfate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-sf-v2.png
+| ImageSize1     = 150px
-| ImageName1 = Sample of silver sulfate
+| ImageFile2     = Zilversulfaat.JPG
-| IUPACName = Silver sulfate
-| OtherNames = disilver sulfate
+| ImageName2     = Sample of silver sulfate
+| IUPACName      = Silver(I) sulfate
-| Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
+| OtherNames     = Disilver sulfate <br/> Argentous sulfate
+| SystematicName =
+| Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers
 | CASNo = 10294-26-5
 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
@@ Line 28: / Line 31: @@
 | InChIKey = YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-NUQVWONBAA
   }}
-|Section2={{Chembox Properties
+| Section2       = {{Chembox Properties
 | Formula = Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
 | Ag=2 | S=1 | O=4
-| Appearance = Colorless crystals
+| Appearance = Colorless solid
 | Odor = Odorless
 | Density = 5.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25&nbsp;°C)<br> 4.84 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (660&nbsp;°C)<ref name=crc />
-| Solubility = 0.57 g/100 mL (0&nbsp;°C)<br> 0.69 g/100 mL (10&nbsp;°C)<br> 0.83 g/100 mL (25&nbsp;°C)<br> 0.96 g/100 mL (40&nbsp;°C)<br> 1.33 g/100 mL (100&nbsp;°C)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1919|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|url = https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog|publisher = D. Van Nostrand Company|place = New York|edition = 2nd|pages = [https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog/page/n647 622]–623}}</ref>
+| Solubility = 0.57 g/100 mL (0&nbsp;°C)<br> 0.69 g/100 mL (10&nbsp;°C)<br> 0.83 g/100 mL (25&nbsp;°C)<br> 0.96 g/100 mL (40&nbsp;°C)<br> 1.33 g/100 mL (100&nbsp;°C)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last1 = Seidell|first1 = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1919|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|url = https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog|publisher = D. Van Nostrand Company|place = New York|edition = 2nd|pages = [https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog/page/n647 622]–623}}</ref>
-| SolubleOther = Dissolves in aq. [[acid]]s, [[alcohol]]s, [[acetone]], [[diethyl ether|ether]], [[acetate]]s, [[amide]]s<ref name=sioc /><br> Insoluble in [[EtOH|ethanol]]<ref name=chemister />
+| SolubleOther = Dissolves in aq. [[acid]]s, [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]]s, [[acetone]], [[diethyl ether|ether]], [[acetate]]s, [[amide]]s<ref name=sioc /><br> Insoluble in [[ethanol]]<ref name=chemister />
-| Solubility1 = 8.4498 g/L (0.1&nbsp;mol<sub>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></sub>/L<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O</sub>)<ref name=sioc /><br> 25.44 g/100 g (13&nbsp;°C)<br> 31.56 g/100 g (24.5&nbsp;°C)<br> 127.01 g/100 g (96&nbsp;°C)<ref name=chemister>{{cite web|last = Anatolievich|first = Kiper Ruslan|website = http://chemister.ru|url = http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1253|title = silver sulfate|accessdate = 2014-07-19}}</ref>
+| Solubility1 = 8.4498 g/L (0.1&nbsp;mol<sub>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></sub>/L<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O</sub>)<ref name=sioc /><br> 25.44 g/100 g (13&nbsp;°C)<br> 31.56 g/100 g (24.5&nbsp;°C)<br> 127.01 g/100 g (96&nbsp;°C)<ref name=chemister>{{cite web|last = Anatolievich|first = Kiper Ruslan|url = http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1253|title = silver sulfate|access-date = 2014-07-19}}</ref>
 | Solvent1 = sulfuric acid
 | Solubility2 = 7.109 g/L (0.5&nbsp;n<sub>EtOH/H<sub>2</sub>O</sub>)<ref name=sioc />
@@ Line 46: / Line 49: @@
 | BoilingPtC = 1085
 | BoilingPt_ref = <ref name=chemister /><ref name=fca />
+| BoilingPt_notes = decomposition
 | SolubilityProduct = 1.2·10<sup>−5</sup><ref name=crc>{{CRC90}}</ref>
 | MagSus = −9.29·10<sup>−5</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<ref name=crc />
 | RefractIndex = ''n''<sub>α</sub> = 1.756<br> ''n''<sub>β</sub> = 1.775<br> ''n''<sub>γ</sub> = 1.782<ref name=nbs25-13 />
   }}
-|Section3={{Chembox Structure
+| Section3       = {{Chembox Structure
 | CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic, [[pearson symbol|oF56]]<ref name=nbs25-13>{{cite book|title = Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns|section = 13|first1 = Marlene C.|last1 = Morris|first2 = Howard F.|last2 = McMurdie|first3 = Eloise H.|last3 = Evans|first4 = Boris|last4 = Paretzkin|first5 = Johan H. de|last5 = Groot|first6 = Camden R.|last6 = Hubbard|first7 = Simon J.|last7 = Carmel|publisher = Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards|place = Washington|date=June 1976|volume = 25}}</ref>
 | SpaceGroup = Fddd, No. 70<ref name=nbs25-13 />
@@ Line 59: / Line 63: @@
 | LattConst_alpha = 90
   }}
-|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
+| Section4       = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
 | DeltaHf = −715.9 kJ/mol<ref name=crc />
 | DeltaGf = −618.4 kJ/mol <ref name=crc />
-| Entropy = 200.4 kJ/mol·K <ref name=crc />
+| Entropy = 200.4 J/mol·K <ref name=crc />
 | HeatCapacity = 131.4 J/mol·K<ref name=crc />
   }}
+| Section5       =
-|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
+| Section6       =
+| Section7       = {{Chembox Hazards
 | GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS09}}<ref name="sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id = 204412|name = Silver sulfate|accessdate = 2014-07-19}}</ref>
 | GHSSignalWord = Danger
@@ Line 73: / Line 79: @@
 | NFPA-F = 0
 | NFPA-R = 1
-| NFPA_ref = <ref name=fca>{{cite web|title = MSDS of Silver sulfate|url = https://www.fishersci.ca/viewmsds.do?catNo=S19025|website = https://www.fishersci.ca|publisher = Fisher Scientific, Inc|accessdate = 2014-07-19}}</ref>
+| NFPA_ref = <ref name=fca>{{cite web|title = MSDS of Silver sulfate|url = https://www.fishersci.ca/viewmsds.do?catNo=S19025|publisher = Fisher Scientific, Inc|access-date = 2014-07-19}}</ref>
   }}
 }}
+'''Silver sulfate''' is the [[inorganic compound]] with the formula Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.  It is a white solid with low solubility in water.
-'''Silver sulfate''' (Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) is an [[ion]]ic compound of [[silver]] used in [[silver plating]] and as a non-staining substitute to [[silver nitrate]].  This [[sulfate]] is stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage, though it darkens upon exposure to air or light. It is minimally soluble in water.
 ==Preparation and structure==
-Silver sulfate is prepared by adding [[sulfuric acid]] to a solution of [[silver nitrate]]:
+Silver sulfate precipitates as a solid when an aqueous solution of [[silver nitrate]] is treated with [[sulfuric acid]]:
+:{{chem2 | 2 AgNO3 + H2SO4 -> Ag2SO4 + 2 HNO3 }}
-:AgNO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> →  AgHSO<sub>4</sub> + HNO<sub>3</sub>
+It is purified by recrystallization from concentrated sulfuric acid, a step that expels traces of nitrate.<ref>{{cite book |author1=O. Glemser |title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |author2=R. Sauer |publisher=Academic Press |year=1963 |editor=G. Brauer |volume=2pages=1042 |place=NY, NY |chapter=Silver Sulfate}}</ref>
-:2 AgHSO<sub>4</sub> →  Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>  reversible reaction
+Silver sulfate and anhydrous [[sodium sulfate]] adopt the same structure.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1524/zkri.1932.82.1.161 |title=Note on the Crystal Structure of Silver Sulphate, Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> |year=1932 |last1=Zachariasen |first1=W. H. |journal=Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials |volume=82 |issue=1–6 |pages=161–162 |s2cid=101362527 }}</ref>
-The compound adopts the structure seen for anhydrous [[sodium sulfate]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1524/zkri.1932.82.1.161 |title=Note on the Crystal Structure of Silver Sulphate, Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> |year=1932 |last1=Zachariasen |first1=W. H. |journal=Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials |volume=82 |issue=1–6 }}</ref>
 ==Silver(II) sulfate==
-The synthesis of '''silver(II) sulfate''' (Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) with a divalent silver ion instead of a monovalent silver ion was first reported in 2010<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/anie.200906863| pmid = 20084660| year = 2010| last1 = Malinowski | first1 = P.| last2 = Derzsi | first2 = M.| last3 = Mazej | first3 = Z.| last4 = Jagličić | first4 = Z.| last5 = Gaweł | first5 = B.| last6 = Lasocha | first6 = W.| last7 = Grochala | first7 = W.| title = Ag(II)SO(4): A Genuine Sulfate of Divalent Silver with Anomalously Strong One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions.| volume = 49| issue = 9| pages = 1683–1686| journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English }}</ref> by adding [[sulfuric acid]] to [[silver(II) fluoride]] ([[Hydrogen fluoride|HF]] escapes). It is a black solid that decomposes exothermally at 120&nbsp;°C with evolution of oxygen and the formation of the [[pyrosulfate]].
+The synthesis of '''silver(II) sulfate''' (AgSO<sub>4</sub>) with a divalent silver ion instead of a monovalent silver ion was first reported in 2010<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/anie.200906863| pmid = 20084660| year = 2010| last1 = Malinowski | first1 = P.| last2 = Derzsi | first2 = M.| last3 = Mazej | first3 = Z.| last4 = Jagličić | first4 = Z.| last5 = Gaweł | first5 = B.| last6 = Lasocha | first6 = W.| last7 = Grochala | first7 = W.| title = Ag(II)SO(4): A Genuine Sulfate of Divalent Silver with Anomalously Strong One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions.| volume = 49| issue = 9| pages = 1683–1686| journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | doi-access = free}}</ref> by adding [[sulfuric acid]] to [[silver(II) fluoride]] ([[Hydrogen fluoride|HF]] escapes). It is a black solid that decomposes exothermically at 120&nbsp;°C with evolution of oxygen and the formation of the [[pyrosulfate]].
+:{{chem2 | AgF2 + H2SO4 -> AgSO4 + 2 HF }}
+:{{chem2 | 4 AgSO4 -> 2 Ag2S2O7 + O2 }}
 ==References==
@@ Line 97: / Line 105: @@
 [[Category:Silver compounds]]
 [[Category:Sulfates]]
-{{inorganic-compound-stub}}