Jump to content

Shahbaz Garhi: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 34°14′08″N 72°09′36″E / 34.235556°N 72.16°E / 34.235556; 72.16
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m corrected spelling of travelers and added a couple of hyperlinks
GreenC bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,366,342 edits
 
(28 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2017}}
{{use Pakistani English|date=July 2017}}

{{Infobox ancient site
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Shahbaz Garhi
|name = Shahbaz Garhi
Line 11: Line 12:
|map_alt =
|map_alt =
|map_size = 250
|map_size = 250
|relief=yes
|location = [[Pakistan]]
|location = [[Pakistan]]
|region = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
|region = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
|coordinates = {{coord|34.235556|72.16|display=inline}}
|coordinates = {{coord|34.235556|72.16|display=inline,title}}
|type =
|type =
|part_of =
|part_of =
Line 38: Line 40:
|notes =
|notes =
}}
}}
⚫
'''Shahbaz Garhi''', or '''Shahbazgarhi''', is a village and historic site located in [[Mardan District]] in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North West Frontier Province]] of [[Pakistan]]. It has an altitude of 293 metres (964 feet).<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/4/Shahbazgarhi.html Location of Shahbazgarhi - Falling Rain Genomics]</ref>


⚫
'''Shahbaz Garhi''', or '''Shahbazgarhi''', is a village and historic site located in [[Mardan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]. It is at an altitude of 293 metres (964 feet).<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/04/Shahbazgarhi.html Location of Shahbazgarhi - Falling Rain Genomics]</ref>
⚫
It is about 12 km from [[Mardin|Mardan city]]. It has mountains, green trees, open fields and a small river in the centre of the village.


⚫
It is about 12 km from [[Mardan|Mardan city]]. It has mountains, green trees, open fields and a small river in the centre of the village.
⚫
In old times all these facilities made it attractive for the army and travelers to dig in their tents here, stay for few days and organize their further strategy. The historic Stones of Ashoka, and other sites like Mekha Sanda are worth visiting.

⚫
In old times all these facilities made it attractive for the army and travelers to dig in their tents here, stay for few days and organize their further strategy. The historic Stones of Ashoka (commonly known to the native people by the name of Hkule Gutt), and other sites like Mekha Sanda (male buffalo, female buffalo) are worth visiting.


==Location==
==Location==
Line 54: Line 57:


==Ancient rock edicts==
==Ancient rock edicts==

===Ashokan inscriptions===
===Ashokan inscriptions===
{{main article|Edicts of Ashoka}}
{{Main article|Edicts of Ashoka|Major Rock Edicts}}

[[File:Ashoka edict peshawar.jpg|thumb|[[Edicts of Ashoka]] I-XI in Shahbazgarhi, Peshawar]]
[[File:Ashoka Rock Edicts Shahbazgarhi by Nisar 1.JPG|thumb|Detail of [[Edicts of Ashoka]] XII in Shahbazgarhi, Peshawar. [[Kharosthi]] script.]]
⚫
The town is the location of [[Ancient history|ancient]] rock-inscriptions<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_155.gif NWFP - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 149.]</ref> that are cut into two large rock boulders and written in the [[Kharosthi]] script.<ref name="UNESCO">[http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1880/ Shahbazgarhi Rock Edicts - UNESCO]</ref> They retain immense historical importance, as they appear to be the first examples of writing in South Asia.<ref name="UNESCO"/> They were constructed during the 3rd Century BC (272-231 BC), during the reign of [[Ashoka]], the famous [[Mauryan]] emperor, inscribed in the [[Kharoshthi]] script.<ref name="UNESCO"/>

⚫
The town is the location of [[ancient India]]n rock-inscriptions<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_155.gif NWFP - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 149.]</ref> that are cut into two large rock boulders and written in the [[Kharosthi]] script.<ref name="UNESCO">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1880/ Shahbazgarhi Rock Edicts - UNESCO]</ref> They retain immense historical importance, as they appear to be the first examples of writing in [[the subcontinent]].<ref name="UNESCO"/> They were constructed during the 3rd Century BC (272-231 BC), during the reign of [[Ashoka]], the famous [[Mauryan]] emperor, inscribed in the [[Kharoshthi]] script.<ref name="UNESCO"/>
The rock edicts were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.<ref name="UNESCO"/><ref>Prof [[Ahmed Hasan Dani]]'Ashoka Rock Edicts at Shahbaz Garhi Mardan' in Journal of Archaeological Study, QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1982</ref>
The rock edicts were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.<ref name="UNESCO"/><ref>Prof [[Ahmed Hasan Dani]]'Ashoka Rock Edicts at Shahbaz Garhi Mardan' in Journal of Archaeological Study, QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1982</ref>


Line 65: Line 69:
The town is the location of ancient rock-inscriptions<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> that are cut into two large rock boulders and written in the [[Kharosthi]] script.<ref name="UNESCO"/> They retain immense historical importance, as they appear to be the first examples of writing in South Asia.<ref name="UNESCO"/> They were constructed during the 3rd Century BC, during the reign of [[Ashoka]], the famous [[Mauryan]] emperor.<ref name="UNESCO"/>
The town is the location of ancient rock-inscriptions<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> that are cut into two large rock boulders and written in the [[Kharosthi]] script.<ref name="UNESCO"/> They retain immense historical importance, as they appear to be the first examples of writing in South Asia.<ref name="UNESCO"/> They were constructed during the 3rd Century BC, during the reign of [[Ashoka]], the famous [[Mauryan]] emperor.<ref name="UNESCO"/>
The rock edicts were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.<ref name="UNESCO"/>
The rock edicts were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.<ref name="UNESCO"/>

<gallery>
File:A closer view of the rock - Ashoka Major Rock Edict.jpg|Edict No.12
File:Upper Rock Inscription at Shahbaz Garhi, Mardan.JPG|Edicts No.1 to No.11
File:A view of the second rock in the mountain - Fourteen rock edicts of Ashok.jpg|Edicts No.13 and No.14
File:A distance view of the second rock - Ashoka Major Rock Edict.jpg|Protective housing
File:Shahbazgarhi Edicts 7 and 12.jpg|A rubbing of two of the inscriptions.
File:Dhrama Dipi inscription in the Shahbazgarhi First Edict in the Kharosthi script.jpg|The words ''"[[Dharma|Dhrama]]-[[Lipi (script)|Dipi]]"'' ("Inscription of the [[Dharma]]") in [[Kharosthi]], in Edict No.1 of the Shahbazgarhi edicts.<ref>{{cite book |title = Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch |year=1925 |pages=56&ndash;57 |url = https://archive.org/stream/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/HultzschCorpusAsokaSearchable#page/n197/mode/2up |language=Sanskrit}}</ref>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
{{Commons category|Ashoka Major Rock Edict, Shahbazgarhi}}


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category|Ashoka Major Rock Edict, Shahbazgarhi}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231191035/http://kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu/maps/gandh.html Map of Gandhara archeological sites, from the Huntington Collection, Ohio State University (large file)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231191035/http://kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu/maps/gandh.html Map of Gandhara archeological sites, from the Huntington Collection, Ohio State University (large file)]
*[https://gandhari.org/catalog/cki0001 Gandhari.org] Complete text of the Shahbazgarhi edicts


{{Mardan-Union-Councils}}
{{Mardan-Union-Councils}}

{{coord|34|14|08|N|72|09|36|E|display=title}}


[[Category:Mardan District]]
[[Category:Mardan District]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Maurya Empire]]
[[Category:Edicts of Ashoka]]


{{MardanPK-geo-stub}}
{{SAsia-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:36, 11 April 2024

Shahbaz Garhi
Shahbaz Garhi is located in Pakistan
Shahbaz Garhi
Shown within Pakistan
StandortPakistan
RegionKhyber Pakhtunkhwa
Coordinates34°14′08″N 72°09′36″E / 34.235556°N 72.16°E / 34.235556; 72.16

Shahbaz Garhi, or Shahbazgarhi, is a village and historic site located in Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is at an altitude of 293 metres (964 feet).[1]

It is about 12 km from Mardan city. It has mountains, green trees, open fields and a small river in the centre of the village.

In old times all these facilities made it attractive for the army and travelers to dig in their tents here, stay for few days and organize their further strategy. The historic Stones of Ashoka (commonly known to the native people by the name of Hkule Gutt), and other sites like Mekha Sanda (male buffalo, female buffalo) are worth visiting.

Standort

[edit]

Shahbaz Garhi is situated on the junction of three ancient routes;

  1. Kabul to Pushkalavati (modern Charsadda)
  2. Swat through Buner
  3. Taxila through Hund on the bank of Indus River.

Situated on the modern Mardan-Swabi Road, the town was once a thriving Buddhist city surrounded by monasteries and stupas.

Ancient rock edicts

[edit]

Ashokan inscriptions

[edit]
Main articles: Edicts of Ashoka and Major Rock Edicts
Detail of Edicts of Ashoka XII in Shahbazgarhi, Peshawar. Kharosthi script.

The town is the location of ancient Indian rock-inscriptions[2] that are cut into two large rock boulders and written in the Kharosthi script.[3] They retain immense historical importance, as they appear to be the first examples of writing in the subcontinent.[3] They were constructed during the 3rd Century BC (272-231 BC), during the reign of Ashoka, the famous Mauryan emperor, inscribed in the Kharoshthi script.[3] The rock edicts were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.[3][4]

The translation of the text is written on a board nearby the rocks. The sight is a famous tourist spot for people who are interested in history.

The town is the location of ancient rock-inscriptions[2] that are cut into two large rock boulders and written in the Kharosthi script.[3] They retain immense historical importance, as they appear to be the first examples of writing in South Asia.[3] They were constructed during the 3rd Century BC, during the reign of Ashoka, the famous Mauryan emperor.[3] The rock edicts were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.[3]

  • Edict No.12
    Edict No.12
  • Edicts No.1 to No.11
    Edicts No.1 to No.11
  • Edicts No.13 and No.14
    Edicts No.13 and No.14
  • Protective housing
    Protective housing
  • A rubbing of two of the inscriptions.
    A rubbing of two of the inscriptions.
  • The words "Dhrama-Dipi" ("Inscription of the Dharma") in Kharosthi, in Edict No.1 of the Shahbazgarhi edicts.[5]
    The words "Dhrama-Dipi" ("Inscription of the Dharma") in Kharosthi, in Edict No.1 of the Shahbazgarhi edicts.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Location of Shahbazgarhi - Falling Rain Genomics
  2. ^ a b NWFP - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 149.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Shahbazgarhi Rock Edicts - UNESCO
  4. ^ Prof Ahmed Hasan Dani'Ashoka Rock Edicts at Shahbaz Garhi Mardan' in Journal of Archaeological Study, QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1982
  5. ^ Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (in Sanskrit). 1925. pp. 56–57.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ashoka Major Rock Edict, Shahbazgarhi.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shahbaz_Garhi&oldid=1218402864"