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60°59′32.5″N 25°40′17.8″E / 60.992361°N 25.671611°E / 60.992361; 25.671611

Mustankallio water tower lies in the Kiveriö district of Lahti, Finland, and stands 50 metres (160 ft) tall. Completed by a local company in 1963, it includes two water reservoirs, a penthouse meeting facility complete with sauna, and a viewing platform. The design, which features pre-stressed concrete elements and asbestos cement cladding, was a departure from the steel water tower structures commonly built in the region. When commissioned, its original name was the Metelinmäki Water Tower. It has been described as crocus-like in appearance and complimented on its elegance.

Design and construction

Water towers in the region, many of which were built in the 19th century, had previously been built from steel. They have been described as "ugly and uninspiring" and "marring the skyline".^[1] This structure, designed by Ing. Büro Paavo Simula and Company, was intended to be more aesthetic to minimise its effect on the visual environment.^[2]^[3] It stands on Mustankallio hill.^[4]

The tower was completed in 1963 by local construction firm B&K.^[5]^[6]^[2] It is constructed of pre-stressed concrete elements built locally, under license from the German Dyckerhoff & Widmann (Dywidag) company.^[2] The main body contains two drinking water reservoirs with a combined capacity of 225,000 imperial gallons (1,020,000 L), protected from freezing by a lining of mineral wool.^[6]^[7] The exterior is clad with asbestos cement panels.^[7]

The structure stands 50 metres (160 ft) tall; the top of the tower is 109 metres (358 ft) above the nearby Lake Vesijärvi and 190 metres (620 ft) above sea level. The uppermost portion of the tower is around 23 metres (75 ft) in diameter.^[5] The structure has received praise for its "striking appearance" and "elegant lines".^[1]^[6] The design has been described as crocus-like.^[7]

Use

Lahti Aqua, a company owned by the city of Lahti, owns the tower and uses it to store water for distribution to the town. At night water is pumped into the tank from lower-level storage, during the day water is drained via gravity feed and hydrostatic pressure from the tank for distribution to Mustankallio, Kiveriö, Tonttila and Pyhättömänmäki.^[5]

The tower contains a viewing platform with good views across the town.^[2]^[8]^[9] The tower also contains a meeting room capable of housing 30 to 40 people, a sauna that can accommodate 15, a lounge, kitchen, toilet and showers. The facilities are available for rent between 8 a.m. and midnight. Small-sized lifts offer access to the facilities.^[10]

In 2015, the facade exterior panels were replaced.^[11]

It is part of the motif in the 2021 Ironman 70.3 Ironman Triathlon Finland medal.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b Adey, R. A. (1981). Engineering Software II: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Engineering Software, Held at Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, March 1981. Southampton: CML Publications. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-905451-03-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Klass, Gert von (1965). Weit spannt sich der Bogen, 1865–1965: die Geschichte der Bauunternehmung Dyckerhoff & Widmann (in German). Verlag für Wirtschaftspublizistik Bartels [The arch spans a wide range, 1865–1965: the history of the construction company Dyckerhoff & Widmann]. p. 289.
^ Lloyd, A. R. (1980). Elevated Water Towers. University of Cape Town, Department of Civil Engineering. p. 2.
^ New Times. Russia. 1981. p. 21. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mustankallion vesitornin tekniset tiedot". Lahti Aqua (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 July 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c The Municipal and Public Services Journal. Vol. 74. 1966. p. 110.
^ ^a ^b ^c Interbuild. Prefabrication Publications. 1966. p. 11.
^ Simpson, Colin (1967). The Viking Circle: Denmark, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 224.
^ Thiel, Osmo (1970). Lahti (in Russian). Lahti, Finland: Otava.
^ "Kokoustila vesitornissa". Lahti Aqua (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 July 2021.
^ Scanclimber (29 July 2015). "Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos" (Photographs) – via flickr.com. Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963.
^ "Ironman Finland Medal, 2021". Ironman Finland. Retrieved July 10, 2021. You will experience the Sibelius Hall to be the heart of our event, and notice some of the tallest spots like the Salpausselkä ski jumping venue and the Mustankallio water tower with a spectacular view of the city of Lahti.

External links

Ilkka Palonen (May 28, 2018). "Lahden Vesitorni" (Video) – via YouTube.
Scanclimber (29 July 2015). "Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos" – via flickr.com. Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963.
Tarezan (June 15, 2018). "Lahden Mustankallion vesitorni – Lahti Mustankallio Watertower" (Video) – via YouTube.

[icl-1] Adey, R. A. (1981). Engineering Software II: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Engineering Software, Held at Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, March 1981. Southampton: CML Publications. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-905451-03-9.

[klass-2] Klass, Gert von (1965). Weit spannt sich der Bogen, 1865–1965: die Geschichte der Bauunternehmung Dyckerhoff & Widmann (in German). Verlag für Wirtschaftspublizistik Bartels [The arch spans a wide range, 1865–1965: the history of the construction company Dyckerhoff & Widmann]. p. 289.

[3] Lloyd, A. R. (1980). Elevated Water Towers. University of Cape Town, Department of Civil Engineering. p. 2.

[4] New Times. Russia. 1981. p. 21. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[lahtia-5] "Mustankallion vesitornin tekniset tiedot". Lahti Aqua (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[municipal-6] The Municipal and Public Services Journal. Vol. 74. 1966. p. 110.

[interbuild-7] Interbuild. Prefabrication Publications. 1966. p. 11.

[Simpson-8] Simpson, Colin (1967). The Viking Circle: Denmark, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 224.

[Theil-9] Thiel, Osmo (1970). Lahti (in Russian). Lahti, Finland: Otava.

[10] "Kokoustila vesitornissa". Lahti Aqua (in Finnish). Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[11] Scanclimber (29 July 2015). "Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos" (Photographs) – via flickr.com. Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963.

[12] "Ironman Finland Medal, 2021". Ironman Finland. Retrieved July 10, 2021. You will experience the Sibelius Hall to be the heart of our event, and notice some of the tallest spots like the Salpausselkä ski jumping venue and the Mustankallio water tower with a spectacular view of the city of Lahti.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Water tower in Finland}}
-{{coord|display=title|60|59|32.5|N|25|40|17.8|E}}
+{{Coord|60|59|32.5|N|25|40|17.8|E|type:landmark_region:FI-16|display=title}}
 [[File:Lahti - water tower 2.jpg|thumb|View from the south]]
-[[File:Lahti water tower.jpg|thumb|View from the south-east, in snow]]
+[[File:Lahti water tower.jpg|thumb|View from the southeast, in snow]]
-'''Mustankallio water tower''' lies in the [[Kiveriö]] district of [[Lahti]] and stands {{convert|161|ft|m}} tall.  Completed by a local company in 1963, it includes two [[Water tank|water reservoirs]], a [[Penthouse apartment|penthouse]] meeting facility and a viewing platform.  The design, which features [[pre-stressed concrete]] elements and [[asbestos cement]] cladding, was a departure from the [[steel]] [[water tower]] structures commonly built in the region.  It has been described as [[crocus]]-like in appearance and complimented on its elegance.
+'''Mustankallio water tower''' lies in the [[Kiveriö]] district of [[Lahti]], Finland, and stands {{convert|50|m|ft}} tall.  Completed by a local company in 1963, it includes two [[Water tank|water reservoirs]], a [[Penthouse apartment|penthouse]] meeting facility complete with sauna, and a viewing platform.  The design, which features [[pre-stressed concrete]] elements and [[asbestos cement]] cladding, was a departure from the [[steel]] [[water tower]] structures commonly built in the region.   When commissioned, its original name was the Metelinmäki Water Tower.  It has been described as [[crocus]]-like in appearance and complimented on its elegance.
 == Design and construction ==
-[[Water tower]]s in the region, many of which were built in the 19th-century, had previously been built from steel.  They have been described as "ugly and uninspiring" and "marring the skyline".<ref name=icl>{{cite book |last1=Adey |first1=R. A. |title=Engineering Software II: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Engineering Software, Held at Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, March 1981 |date=1981 |location=Southampton |publisher=[[CML Publications]] |isbn=978-0-905451-03-9 |page=466 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Engineering_Software_II/fXZbAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>  This structure, designed by Ing. Büro Paavo Simula and Company, was intended to be more aesthetic to minimise its effect on the visual environment.<ref name=klass>{{cite book |last1=Klass |first1=Gert von |title=Weit spannt sich der Bogen, 1865-1965: die Geschichte der Bauunternehmung Dyckerhoff & Widmann |date=1965 |publisher=Verlag für Wirtschaftspublizistik Bartels [The arch spans a wide range, 1865-1965: the history of the construction company Dyckerhoff & Widmann] |page=289 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Weit_spannt_sich_der_Bogen_1865_1965/pMAdAQAAMAAJ |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lloyd |first1=A. R. |title=Elevated Water Towers |date=1980 |publisher=[[University of Cape Town]], Department of Civil Engineering |page=2 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Elevated_Water_Towers/Hf5EAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>  It stands on Mustankallio hill.<ref>{{cite book |title=New Times|location=Russia |newspaper=[[Trud (Russian newspaper)|Trud]] |year=1981|page=21 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/New_Times/dPUSAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
+[[Water tower]]s in the region, many of which were built in the 19th&nbsp;century, had previously been built from steel.  They have been described as "ugly and uninspiring" and "marring the skyline".<ref name=icl>{{cite book |last1=Adey |first1=R. A. |title=Engineering Software II: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Engineering Software, Held at Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, March 1981 |date=1981 |location=Southampton |publisher=[[CML Publications]] |isbn=978-0-905451-03-9 |page=466 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXZbAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>  This structure, designed by Ing. Büro Paavo Simula and Company, was intended to be more aesthetic to minimise its effect on the visual environment.<ref name=klass>{{cite book |last1=Klass |first1=Gert von |title=Weit spannt sich der Bogen, 1865–1965: die Geschichte der Bauunternehmung Dyckerhoff & Widmann |date=1965 |publisher=Verlag für Wirtschaftspublizistik Bartels [The arch spans a wide range, 1865–1965: the history of the construction company Dyckerhoff & Widmann] |page=289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMAdAQAAMAAJ |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lloyd |first1=A. R. |title=Elevated Water Towers |date=1980 |publisher=[[University of Cape Town]], Department of Civil Engineering |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf5EAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>  It stands on Mustankallio hill.<ref>{{cite book |title=New Times|location=Russia |newspaper=[[Trud (Russian newspaper)|Trud]] |year=1981|page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPUSAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
-The tower was completed in 1963 by local construction firm B&K.<ref name=lahtia>{{cite web |title=Mustankallion vesitornin tekniset tiedot |url=https://www.lahtiaqua.fi/tietoa-lahti-aquasta/kokoustila-vesitornissa/mustankallion-vesitornin-tekniset-tiedot/ |website=Lahti Aqua |access-date=9 July 2021 |language=fi}}</ref><ref name=municipal>{{cite book |title=The Municipal and Public Services Journal |volume=74|page=110 |year=1966 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Municipal_and_Public_Services_Journa/qZIeAQAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name=klass/>  It is constructed of [[pre-stressed concrete]] elements built locally, under license from the German [[Dyckerhoff & Widmann]] (Dywidag) company.<ref name=klass/>  The main body contains two [[drinking water]] reservoirs with a combined capacity of {{convert|225,000|impgal|litre}}, protected from freezing by a lining of [[mineral wool]].<ref name=municipal/><ref name=interbuild>{{cite book |title=Interbuild |date=1966 |publisher=Prefabrication Publications. |page=11 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Interbuild/ub9UAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>  The exterior is clad with [[asbestos cement]] panels.<ref name=interbuild/>
+The tower was completed in 1963 by local construction firm B&K.<ref name=lahtia>{{cite web |title=Mustankallion vesitornin tekniset tiedot |url=https://www.lahtiaqua.fi/tietoa-lahti-aquasta/kokoustila-vesitornissa/mustankallion-vesitornin-tekniset-tiedot/ |website=Lahti Aqua |access-date=9 July 2021 |language=fi}}</ref><ref name=municipal>{{cite book |title=The Municipal and Public Services Journal |volume=74|page=110 |year=1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZIeAQAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name=klass/>  It is constructed of [[pre-stressed concrete]] elements built locally, under license from the German [[Dyckerhoff & Widmann]] (Dywidag) company.<ref name=klass/>  The main body contains two [[drinking water]] reservoirs with a combined capacity of {{convert|225,000|impgal|litre}}, protected from freezing by a lining of [[mineral wool]].<ref name=municipal/><ref name=interbuild>{{cite book |title=Interbuild |date=1966 |publisher=Prefabrication Publications. |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ub9UAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>  The exterior is clad with [[asbestos cement]] panels.<ref name=interbuild/>
-The structure stands {{convert|50|m|ft}} tall; the top of the tower is {{convert|109|m|ft}} above the nearby Lake Vesijärvi and {{convert|190|m|ft}} above sea level.  The uppermost portion of the tower is around {{convert|23|m|ft}} in [[diameter]].<ref name=lahtia/> The structure has received praise for its "striking appearance" and "elegant lines".<ref name=icl/><ref name=municipal/>  The design has been described as [[crocus]]-like.<ref name=interbuild/>
+The structure stands {{convert|50|m|ft}} tall; the top of the tower is {{convert|109|m|ft}} above the nearby [[Lake Vesijärvi]] and {{convert|190|m|ft}} above sea level.  The uppermost portion of the tower is around {{convert|23|m|ft}} in [[diameter]].<ref name=lahtia/> The structure has received praise for its "striking appearance" and "elegant lines".<ref name=icl/><ref name=municipal/>  The design has been described as [[crocus]]-like.<ref name=interbuild/>
 == Use ==
-The water company Lahti Aqua owns the tower and uses it to store water for distribution to the town.  At night water is pumped into the tank from lower-level storage, during the day water is drained via [[Gravity feed|gravity feed]] and [[hydrostatic pressure]]  from the tank for distribution to [[Mustankallio]], [[Kiveriö]], [[Tonttila]] and [[Pyhättömänmäki]].<ref name=lahtia/>
+Lahti Aqua, a company owned by the city of Lahti, owns the tower and uses it to store water for distribution to the town.  At night water is pumped into the tank from lower-level storage, during the day water is drained via [[gravity feed]] and [[hydrostatic pressure]]  from the tank for distribution to [[Mustankallio]], [[Kiveriö]], [[Tonttila]] and [[Pyhättömänmäki]].<ref name=lahtia/>
-The tower contains a viewing platform with good views across the town.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Viking Circle: Denmark, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland |first1=Colin |last1=Simpson |year=1967  |publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]|page=224 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Viking_Circle/sFBjAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Thiel |first1=Osmo |title=Lahti |date=1970 |publisher=Otava |location=Lahti, Finland|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Lahti/KxkqAQAAMAAJ |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=klass/>  The tower also contains a meeting room capable of housing 30-40 people, a [[sauna]] that can accommodate 15, a lounge, [[kitchen]], [[toilet]] and [[shower]]s.  The facilities are available for rent between 8 a.m. and midnight.  Small-sized [[elevator|lifts]] offer access to the facilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kokoustila vesitornissa |url=https://www.lahtiaqua.fi/tietoa-lahti-aquasta/kokoustila-vesitornissa/ |website=Lahti Aqua |access-date=9 July 2021 |language=fi-FI}}</ref>
+The tower contains a viewing platform with good views across the town.<ref name=klass/><ref name="Simpson">{{cite book |title=The Viking Circle: Denmark, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland |first1=Colin |last1=Simpson |year=1967  |publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]|page=224 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFBjAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="Theil">{{cite book |last1=Thiel |first1=Osmo |title=Lahti |date=1970 |publisher=[[Otava (publisher)|Otava]] |location=Lahti, Finland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxkqAQAAMAAJ |language=ru}}</ref>  The tower also contains a meeting room capable of housing 30 to 40 people, a [[sauna]] that can accommodate 15, a lounge, kitchen, toilet and showers. The facilities are available for rent between 8 a.m. and midnight.  Small-sized [[elevator|lifts]] offer access to the facilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kokoustila vesitornissa |url=https://www.lahtiaqua.fi/tietoa-lahti-aquasta/kokoustila-vesitornissa/ |website=Lahti Aqua |access-date=9 July 2021 |language=fi-FI}}</ref>
-In 2015, the facade exterior panels were replaced.<ref>{{cite web |type=Photographs|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/scanclimber/albums/72157661143396259  |title=Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos|quote=Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963. |author=Scanclimber |via=[[flickr.com]]}}</ref>
+In 2015, the facade exterior panels were replaced.<ref>{{cite web |type=Photographs|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/scanclimber/albums/72157661143396259  |title=Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos|quote=Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963. |author=Scanclimber |date=29 July 2015 |via=[[flickr.com]]}}</ref>
-It is part of the [[motif]] in the 2021 [[Ironman 70.3]] Finland medal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/IMFinland/posts/1736473633220255 |title=Ironman Finland Medal, 2021 |publisher=Ironman Finland |accessdate=July 10, 2021}}</ref>
+It is part of the [[motif (visual arts)|motif]] in the 2021 [[Ironman 70.3]] [[Ironman Triathlon]] Finland medal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/IMFinland/posts/1736473633220255 |title=Ironman Finland Medal, 2021 |publisher=Ironman Finland |accessdate=July 10, 2021 |quote=You will experience the [[Sibelius Hall]] to be the heart of our event, and notice some of the tallest spots like the [[Salpausselkä (ski jump)|Salpausselkä ski jumping venue]] and the Mustankallio water tower with a spectacular view of the city of Lahti.}}</ref>
 ==See also==
+* [[Kuwait Water Towers]], for an organic "mushroom farm" look by [[Sweden|Swedish]] designers and engineers
-*[[List of tallest towers]]
+* [[List of tallest towers]]
 == References ==
@@ Line 27: / Line 30: @@
 ==External links==
-*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vVG9bmzbco |title=Lahden Vesitorni |type=Video |date=May 28, 2018 |via=[[YouTube]]}}
+* {{cite web |author=Ilkka Palonen |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vVG9bmzbco |title=Lahden Vesitorni |type=Video |date=May 28, 2018 |via=[[YouTube]]}}
-*{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/scanclimber/albums/72157661143396259  |title=Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos|quote=Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963.
+* {{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/scanclimber/albums/72157661143396259  |title=Case: Mustakallio Water Tower, Finland, 149 photos|quote=Machine model used: CS5000 MCWP with snake platform system. Purpose of use: Replacing old facade plates with new ones. Mustakallio Water Tower Facade, Lahti, Finland. Height 50 m, diameter 23 m. Tower was built in 1963.
-|author=Scanclimber |via=[[flickr.com]]}}
+|author=Scanclimber |date=29 July 2015 |via=[[flickr.com]]}}
-*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNrDeGYZdfc |author=Tarezan |title=Lahden Mustankallion vesitorni - Lahti Mustankallio Watertower |type=Video |date=June 15, 2018  |via=YouTube}}
+* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNrDeGYZdfc |author=Tarezan |title=Lahden Mustankallion vesitorni – Lahti Mustankallio Watertower |type=Video |date=June 15, 2018  |via=YouTube}}
+[[Category:Asbestos]]
 [[Category:Buildings and structures in Päijät-Häme]]
 [[Category:Towers completed in 1963]]