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{{Short description|Herb or preparation for the gastrointestinal tract}}
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{{main|Flatulence#Management}}
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A '''carminative''', known in Latin as '''carminativum''' ([[plural]] '''carminativa'''), is a herb or preparation intended to either prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or facilitate the expulsion of gas from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby combatting [[flatulence]].

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A '''carminative''', also known as '''carminativum''' ([[plural]] '''carminativa'''), is an herb or preparation intended to either prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or facilitate the expulsion of said gas, thereby combatting [[flatulence]].


==Name==
==Name==


The word "carminative" is a derivative of Latin ''cārmen'' '[[carding|card for wool]]', on the [[humoral medicine|humoral theory]] that a carminatives "dilute and relax the gross humours from whence the wind arises, combing them out like the knots in wool".<ref>Hensleigh Wedgwood, ''A Dictionary of English Etymology'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=AGdJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA302 ''s.v.'']</ref>
The word ''carminative'' is a derivative of Latin {{lang|la|cārmen}} "[[carding|card for wool]]", according to Hensley Wedgewood, on the [[humoral medicine|humoral theory]] that carminatives "dilute and relax the gross humours from whence the wind arises, combing them out like the knots in wool".<ref>[https://archive.org/details/adictionaryengl03wedggoog/page/n334 Hensleigh Wedgwood, ''A Dictionary of English Etymology'', ''s.v.'']</ref>


== Varieties ==
== Varieties ==
{{refimprove section|date=June 2014}}
{{refimprove section|date=June 2014}}
Carminatives are often mixtures of [[essential oil]]s and herbal [[spice]]s with a tradition in [[folk medicine]] for this use. Some examples for oils and spices with carminative action are:{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}
Carminatives are often mixtures of [[essential oil]]s and herbal [[spice]]s with a tradition in [[folk medicine]] for this use. Some examples for oils and spices with carminative action are:{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{flatlist|1=
* [[Agasyllis]]
* [[Angelica]]
* [[Angelica]]
* [[Ajwain]]
* [[Ajwain]]
* [[Anise]] seed<ref name=Pitasawat>{{cite journal|last1=Pitasawat|first1=B|last2=Choochote|first2=W|last3=Kanjanapothi|first3=D|last4=Panthong|first4=A|last5=Jitpakdi|first5=A|last6=Chaithong|first6=U|title=Screening for larvicidal activity of ten carminative plants.|journal=The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health|date=Sep 1998|volume=29|issue=3|pages=660–2|pmid=10437975}}</ref>
* [[Anise]] seed<ref name=Pitasawat>{{cite journal|last1=Pitasawat|first1=B|last2=Choochote|first2=W|last3=Kanjanapothi|first3=D|last4=Panthong|first4=A|last5=Jitpakdi|first5=A|last6=Chaithong|first6=U|title=Screening for larvicidal activity of ten carminative plants.|journal=The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health|date=Sep 1998|volume=29|issue=3|pages=660–2|pmid=10437975}}</ref>
* [[Asafoetida]]
* [[Asafoetida]]
* [[Basil]]
* [[Basil]]
* [[Acorus calamus|Calamus]]
* [[Acorus calamus|Calamus]]
* [[Caraway]]<ref name=Harries>{{cite journal|last=Harries|first=Nicola |author2=James, K. C. |author3=Pugh, W. K. |title=Antifoaming and Carminative Actions of Volatile Oils |journal=Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics |date=1 July 1977 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=171–177 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2710.1977.tb00087.x}}</ref>
* [[Caraway]]<ref name=Harries>{{cite journal|last=Harries|first=Nicola |author2=James, K. C. |author3=Pugh, W. K. |title=Antifoaming and Carminative Actions of Volatile Oils |journal=Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics |date=1 July 1977 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=171–177 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2710.1977.tb00087.x}}</ref>
* [[Carom_Seeds]]
* [[Cardamom]]
* [[Cardamom]]
* [[Cinnamon]]<ref name=Harries />
* [[Cinnamon]]<ref name=Harries />
* [[Coriander]]
* [[Coriander]]
* [[Molopospermum|Coscoll]]
*[[Cnidium monnieri]] (She Huangzi)
* [[Cumin]]<ref name=Pitasawat />
* [[Cumin]]<ref name=Pitasawat />
* [[Dill]]<ref name=Harries />
* [[Dill]]<ref name=Harries />
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* [[Wintergreen]]
* [[Wintergreen]]
* [[Artemisia (genus)|Wormwood]]
* [[Artemisia (genus)|Wormwood]]
{{div col end}}
}}


Modern drugs used for the same purpose include [[simethicone]], which, rather than having physiological activity, simply lowers the [[surface tension]] of gas bubbles. and thus carminative helps in expelling gas by different mechanism
Modern drugs used for the same purpose include [[simethicone]], which simply lowers the [[surface tension]] of gas bubbles rather than having physiological effects.

==Literary references==
* The English author [[Aldous Huxley]] includes a long passage (chapter 20) about the word "carminative" in his novel ''[[Crome Yellow]]''. The character Denis describes how he had loved the word since childhood, and had built up rich, elaborate associations with it until, with disappointment, he had discovered its true meaning.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Huxley|first1=Aldous|title=Crome yellow|date=1921|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|location=United Kingdom|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1999}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Antiflatulent]]
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* {{slink|Flatulence|Management}}
* [[Anti-foaming agent]]
* [[Anti-foaming agent]]
* [[Dalby's Carminative]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Biologically based therapies]]
[[Category:Biologically based therapies]]
[[Category:Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system and metabolism]]

[[Category:Flatulence]]

{{treatment-stub}}
{{Alt-med-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:57, 12 April 2024

A carminative, known in Latin as carminativum (plural carminativa), is a herb or preparation intended to either prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or facilitate the expulsion of gas from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby combatting flatulence.

Name

[edit]

The word carminative is a derivative of Latin cārmen "card for wool", according to Hensley Wedgewood, on the humoral theory that carminatives "dilute and relax the gross humours from whence the wind arises, combing them out like the knots in wool".[1]

Varieties

[edit]

Carminatives are often mixtures of essential oils and herbal spices with a tradition in folk medicine for this use. Some examples for oils and spices with carminative action are:[citation needed]

Modern drugs used for the same purpose include simethicone, which simply lowers the surface tension of gas bubbles rather than having physiological effects.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hensleigh Wedgwood, A Dictionary of English Etymology, s.v.
  2. ^ a b c d Pitasawat, B; Choochote, W; Kanjanapothi, D; Panthong, A; Jitpakdi, A; Chaithong, U (Sep 1998). "Screening for larvicidal activity of ten carminative plants". The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 29 (3): 660–2. PMID 10437975.
  3. ^ a b c d e Harries, Nicola; James, K. C.; Pugh, W. K. (1 July 1977). "Antifoaming and Carminative Actions of Volatile Oils". Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2 (3): 171–177. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1977.tb00087.x.
  4. ^ W.N. Ewing; Lucy Tucker (2008). The Living Gut. Nottingham University Press. ISBN 9781904761570.
[edit]

The dictionary definition of carminative at Wiktionary

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