Sarolt: Difference between revisions
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| name = Sarolt |
| name = Sarolt |
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| image = Chronicon Pictum P037 Szent István születése.JPG |
| image = Chronicon Pictum P037 Szent István születése.JPG |
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| caption = |
| caption = Stephen's birth depicted in the ''[[Illuminated Chronicle]]'' |
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| succession = |
| succession = |
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| reign = before 972 – c. 997 |
| reign = before 972 – {{c.}} 997 |
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| spouse = [[Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians|Géza of Hungary]] |
| spouse = [[Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians|Géza of Hungary]] |
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| issue = |
| issue = [[Judith of Hungary]]<br/>Margaret, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria<br/>[[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]]<br/>[[Grimelda of Hungary]]<br/>Sarolt?, Queen of Hungary |
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| royal house = |
| royal house = [[House of Arpad]] |
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| father = [[Gyula II|Gyula of Transylvania]] |
| father = [[Gyula II|Gyula of Transylvania]] |
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| mother = |
| mother = |
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| birth_date = |
| birth_date = c. 950 |
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| birth_place = |
| birth_place = |
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| death_date = c. 1008 |
| death_date = c. 1008 |
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| religion = [[Eastern Christianity]] |
| religion = [[Eastern Christianity]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sarolt''' (c. 950 |
'''Sarolt''' ({{c.}} 950 – c. 1008) was the wife of [[Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians]]. |
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She was born a daughter of |
She was born a daughter of Zombor (or [[Gyula II]]), ''gyula'' of Transylvania, second in rank among the leaders of the [[Magyar tribes|Hungarian tribal federation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary|first=Craig|last=Turp|publisher=Penguin|year=2007|isbn=9780756649241}}</ref> |
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Sarolt exerted a powerful influence on her husband which allowed her to also influence his government.<ref>''"In these days, he'' [Saint Adalbert] ''sent'' [a letter] ''to the High Prince of the Magyars, or rather to his wife who had been holding the whole country in her power with a hand of a man, and who had been governing everything owned by her husband"'' ([[Bruno of Querfurt]]: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera).</ref> She was watched with suspicion by [[ |
Sarolt exerted a powerful influence on her husband which allowed her to also influence his government.<ref>''"In these days, he'' [Saint Adalbert] ''sent'' [a letter] ''to the High Prince of the Magyars, or rather to his wife who had been holding the whole country in her power with a hand of a man, and who had been governing everything owned by her husband"'' ([[Bruno of Querfurt]]: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera).</ref> She was watched with suspicion by [[Catholic]] missionaries.<ref>''"Christian faith made its start under her direction, but the sullied religion mingled with paganism, and this idle and faint Christianity was turning worse than barbarism"'' ([[Bruno of Querfurt]]: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera).</ref> The chronicles accused her of drinking insatiably and even committing manslaughter. |
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Sarolt and her husband received baptism late in life. They raised their son as a Christian and changed his name from Vajk to Stephen as a sign of their faith.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Commire|editor1-first=Anne|title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Yorkin Publications|location=Waterford, Connecticut|isbn=0-7876-4074-3|chapter-url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sarolta-fl-900s|chapter=Sarolta (fl. 900s)|page=806}}</ref> After her husband's death in 997, one of his distant cousins [[Koppány]], who declared his claim to the leadership of the [[Magyars]] against her son, |
Sarolt and her husband received baptism late in life. They raised their son as a Christian and changed his name from Vajk to [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen]] as a sign of their faith.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Commire|editor1-first=Anne|title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Yorkin Publications|location=Waterford, Connecticut|isbn=0-7876-4074-3|chapter-url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sarolta-fl-900s|chapter=Sarolta (fl. 900s)|page=806}}</ref> After her husband's death in 997, one of his distant cousins, [[Koppány]], who declared his claim to the leadership of the [[Magyars]] against her son, Stephen (Vajk), wanted to marry Sarolt, referring to the Hungarian tradition. Koppány, nevertheless, was defeated, and shortly afterward Sarolt's son was crowned as the first [[King of Hungary]]. |
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== Ancestry and early life == |
== Ancestry and early life == |
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Sarolt was the daughter of a ''gyula'' who reportedly converted to [[Eastern Orthodox Church| |
Sarolt was the daughter of a ''gyula'' who reportedly converted to [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Byzantine Christianity]] in [[Constantinople]] after 950,{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} and who then established the first [[Christian mission]] in Hungary. It is likely that his family and household, including his daughter Sarolt was baptised in the Byzantine rite, too.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} |
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It is unsure whether Sarolt's father was named Gyula or Zombor, but he was the ''gyula'' of Transylvania and as such, the second |
It is unsure whether Sarolt's father was named Gyula or Zombor, but he was the ''gyula'' of Transylvania and as such, the second-highest-ranking leader in the [[Magyar tribes|Hungarian tribal federation]] after the [[Grand Prince of the Hungarians]]. He was a grandson of [[Tétény]] (also known as Töhötöm or Tühütüm), one of the [[Seven chieftains of the Magyars|seven chieftains of the Hungarians]] who led the [[Magyar tribes|seven tribes of the Hungarians]] when they arrived in the [[Carpathian Basin]]. |
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According to the ''[[Gesta Hungarorum]]'', Sarolt had a sister named Karold and a brother. This brother can be identified as [[Gyula III]]. |
According to the ''[[Gesta Hungarorum]]'', Sarolt had a sister named Karold and a brother. This brother can be identified as [[Gyula III]]. |
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Sarolt was born around 950 (based on the birth years of her children). Her name is of [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] origins (Šar-oldu) and means white [[stoat]].<ref>Béla Kálmán, [https://books.google.com/books? |
Sarolt was born around 950 (based on the birth years of her children). Her name is of [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] origins (Šar-oldu) and means white [[stoat]].<ref>Béla Kálmán, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5axiAAAAMAAJ&q=white+weasel The world of names: a study in Hungarian onomatology], Akadémiai Kiadó, 1978, p. 41</ref> She was married to [[Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians|Géza]] around 970, which was likely also the start of his rule as Grand Prince of the Hungarians. Géza was a great-grandson of [[Árpád]], who led the Hungarian tribes during the [[Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]]. |
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==Marriage and children== |
==Marriage and children== |
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Married to [[Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians]] (c. 945 |
Married to [[Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians]] (c. 945 – 997) |
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* [[Judith of Hungary|Judith]] (? |
* [[Judith of Hungary|Judith]] (? – after 988), wife of the future King [[Bolesław I of Poland]] |
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* Margaret (? |
* Margaret (? – after 988), wife of the future Tsar [[Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria]] |
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* King [[Stephen I of Hungary]] (967/969/975 |
* King [[Stephen I of Hungary]] (967/969/975 – 15 August 1038) |
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* [[Grimelda of Hungary|Grimelda]] (? |
* [[Grimelda of Hungary|Grimelda]] (? – after 1026), wife of [[Otto Orseolo]], [[Doge of Venice]] |
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* Sarolt? (? |
* Sarolt? (? – ?), wife of the future King [[Samuel Aba]] of Hungary |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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* Kristó Gyula - Makk Ferenc: ''Az Árpád-ház uralkodói'' (IPC Könyvek, 1996) |
* [[Gyula Kristó|Kristó Gyula]] - Makk Ferenc: ''Az Árpád-ház uralkodói'' (IPC Könyvek, 1996) |
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* ''Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század)'', főszerkesztő: Kristó Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel Pál és Makk Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994) |
* ''Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század)'', főszerkesztő: Kristó Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel Pál és Makk Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994) |
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See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a |
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a |
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discussion of different citation methods and how to generate |
discussion of different citation methods and how to generate |
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footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and |
footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarolt}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarolt}} |
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[[Category:House of Árpád]] |
[[Category:House of Árpád]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Queens consort of Hungary]] |
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[[Category:10th-century Hungarian people]] |
[[Category:10th-century Hungarian people]] |
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[[Category:10th-century Hungarian women]] |
[[Category:10th-century Hungarian women]] |
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[[Category:950 births]] |
[[Category:950 births]] |
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[[Category:1000s deaths]] |
[[Category:1000s deaths]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]] |
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
Latest revision as of 18:40, 13 April 2024
| Sarolt | |
|---|---|
| Grand Princess of the Hungarians | |
 Stephen's birth depicted in the Illuminated Chronicle | |
| Tenure | before 972 – c. 997 |
| Born | c. 950 |
| Died | c. 1008 |
| Burial | St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Székesfehérvár[1] |
| Spouse | Géza of Hungary |
| Issue | Judith of Hungary Margaret, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria Saint Stephen Grimelda of Hungary Sarolt?, Queen of Hungary |
| House | House of Arpad |
| Father | Gyula of Transylvania |
| Religion | Eastern Christianity |
Sarolt (c. 950 – c. 1008) was the wife of Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians.
She was born a daughter of Zombor (or Gyula II), gyula of Transylvania, second in rank among the leaders of the Hungarian tribal federation.[2]
Sarolt exerted a powerful influence on her husband which allowed her to also influence his government.[3] She was watched with suspicion by Catholic missionaries.[4] The chronicles accused her of drinking insatiably and even committing manslaughter.
Sarolt and her husband received baptism late in life. They raised their son as a Christian and changed his name from Vajk to Stephen as a sign of their faith.[5] After her husband's death in 997, one of his distant cousins, Koppány, who declared his claim to the leadership of the Magyars against her son, Stephen (Vajk), wanted to marry Sarolt, referring to the Hungarian tradition. Koppány, nevertheless, was defeated, and shortly afterward Sarolt's son was crowned as the first King of Hungary.
Ancestry and early life
[edit]Sarolt was the daughter of a gyula who reportedly converted to Byzantine Christianity in Constantinople after 950,[citation needed] and who then established the first Christian mission in Hungary. It is likely that his family and household, including his daughter Sarolt was baptised in the Byzantine rite, too.[citation needed]
It is unsure whether Sarolt's father was named Gyula or Zombor, but he was the gyula of Transylvania and as such, the second-highest-ranking leader in the Hungarian tribal federation after the Grand Prince of the Hungarians. He was a grandson of Tétény (also known as Töhötöm or Tühütüm), one of the seven chieftains of the Hungarians who led the seven tribes of the Hungarians when they arrived in the Carpathian Basin.
According to the Gesta Hungarorum, Sarolt had a sister named Karold and a brother. This brother can be identified as Gyula III.
Sarolt was born around 950 (based on the birth years of her children). Her name is of Turkic origins (Šar-oldu) and means white stoat.[6] She was married to Géza around 970, which was likely also the start of his rule as Grand Prince of the Hungarians. Géza was a great-grandson of Árpád, who led the Hungarian tribes during the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.
Marriage and children
[edit]Married to Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (c. 945 – 997)
- Judith (? – after 988), wife of the future King Bolesław I of Poland
- Margaret (? – after 988), wife of the future Tsar Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria
- King Stephen I of Hungary (967/969/975 – 15 August 1038)
- Grimelda (? – after 1026), wife of Otto Orseolo, Doge of Venice
- Sarolt? (? – ?), wife of the future King Samuel Aba of Hungary
Sources
[edit]- Kristó Gyula - Makk Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
- Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel Pál és Makk Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
References
[edit]- ^ Hankó Ildikó: Királyaink tömegsírban
- ^ Turp, Craig (2007). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary. Penguin. ISBN 9780756649241.
- ^ "In these days, he [Saint Adalbert] sent [a letter] to the High Prince of the Magyars, or rather to his wife who had been holding the whole country in her power with a hand of a man, and who had been governing everything owned by her husband" (Bruno of Querfurt: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera).
- ^ "Christian faith made its start under her direction, but the sullied religion mingled with paganism, and this idle and faint Christianity was turning worse than barbarism" (Bruno of Querfurt: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera).
- ^ Commire, Anne, ed. (2002). "Sarolta (fl. 900s)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications. p. 806. ISBN 0-7876-4074-3.
- ^ Béla Kálmán, The world of names: a study in Hungarian onomatology, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1978, p. 41