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{{Short description|Norwegian painting by Hans Gude and Adolph Tidemand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
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{{short description|Norwegian painting by Hans Gude and Adolph Tidemand}}
{{Infobox artwork
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord
| title = Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord
| painting_alignment =
| other_language_1 = [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
| other_language_1 = [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
| other_title_1 = {{lang|no|Brudeferd i Hardanger}}
| other_title_1 = {{lang|no|Brudeferd i Hardanger}}
| other_language_2 =
| wikidata = Q2841473
| other_title_2 =
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| wikidata =
| image = Adolph Tidemand & Hans Gude - Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord - Google Art Project.jpg
| image = Adolph Tidemand & Hans Gude - Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord - Google Art Project.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_size = 350px
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| alt =
| caption =
| artist = [[Hans Gude]] and [[Adolph Tidemand]]
| artist = [[Hans Gude]] and [[Adolph Tidemand]]
| year = {{start date|1848}}
| year = {{start date|1848}}
⚫
| catalogue = NG.M.00467
| completion_date = <!-- For a more specific date (post-1583): {{start date|df=y|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| catalogue =
| medium = Oil on canvas
| medium =
| movement =
| subject =
| height_metric = 93
| height_metric = 93
| width_metric = 130
| width_metric = 130
| length_metric =
| metric_unit = cm
| diameter_metric =
| height_imperial = <!-- (i.e. in imperial units) -->
| width_imperial =
| length_imperial =
| diameter_imperial =
| dimensions =
| dimensions_ref =
| metric_unit = cm <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| imperial_unit = in <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| weight =
| designation =
| condition =
| museum = [[National Gallery (Norway)|National Gallery]]
| museum = [[National Gallery (Norway)|National Gallery]]
| city = [[Oslo]]
| city = [[Oslo]]
⚫
| website = {{URL|www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/collection/object/NG.M.00467}}
| coordinates = <!-- Only use for the coordinates (when known) of the artwork itself, i.e. not for the site, building, structure, etc where it is kept, otherwise leave blank (or omit): {{coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| owner =
| accession =
| preceded_by = <!-- preceding work by the same artist -->
| followed_by = <!-- next work by the same artist -->
| module =
| website = <!-- Official webpage/site only: {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
}}


'''''Bridal Procession on the Hardanger''''' (Norwegian: ''Brudeferd i Hardanger'') is one of the best known [[Norwegian art|Norwegian]] paintings.<ref name="Neset2009">{{cite book
'''''Bridal Procession on the Hardanger''''' (Norwegian: ''Brudeferd i Hardanger'') is an 1848 oil painting by [[Hans Gude]] and [[Adolph Tidemand]]. <ref name="NGN">{{cite web
| url = http://samling.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/object/NG.M.00467
⚫
| author = Arne Neset
⚫
| title = Hans Gude, Adolph Tidemand, Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Nasjonalmuseet – Collection}}</ref><ref name="Denizeau2004">{{cite book
⚫
| title = Arcadian Waters and Wanton Seas: The Iconology of Waterscapes in Nineteenth-century Transatlantic Culture
⚫
| author = Gérard Denizeau
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUPRp-aDtvIC&pg=PA122
⚫
| title = Vocabulaire des arts visuels du XIXe siècle
⚫
| year = 2009
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TE9NAAAAYAAJ
⚫
| publisher = Peter Lang
⚫
| isbn = 978-1-4331-0297-4
| pages = 122–
⚫
}}</ref><ref name="Rue2009">{{cite book
⚫
| author = Anna C. Rue
⚫
| title = "In The Party Circle": Norwegian-Americans and their fiddle
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qWoOAQAAMAAJ
⚫
| year = 2009
⚫
| publisher = University of Wisconsin—Madison
}}</ref> The 1848 painting was created by [[Hans Gude]] and [[Adolph Tidemand]].<ref name="Denizeau2004">{{cite book
⚫
| author = Gérard Denizeau
⚫
| title = Vocabulaire des arts visuels du XIXe siècle
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TE9NAAAAYAAJ
| year = 2004
| year = 2004
| publisher = Minerve
| publisher = Minerve
| isbn = 978-2-86931-108-4
| isbn = 978-2-86931-108-4}}</ref>
}}</ref> Gude painted the landscapes and Tidemand the bridal party.<ref name="O'Leary2010">{{cite book
Gude, aged just 23, painted the landscapes and Tidemand, a decade his senior, the bridal party.<ref name="NGN"/><ref name="O'Leary2010">{{cite book
| author = Margaret Hayford O'Leary
| author = Margaret Hayford O'Leary
| title = Culture and Customs of Norway
| title = Culture and Customs of Norway
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MmceC9bpMggC&pg=PA171
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MmceC9bpMggC&pg=PA171
| year = 2010
| year = 2010
| publisher = ABC-CLIO
| publisher = ABC-CLIO
| isbn = 978-0-313-36248-4
| isbn = 978-0-313-36248-4| pages = 171–}}</ref>
Each of the Norwegian artists had studied at the [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] before they first met in [[Hardanger]] in 1843, and the painting was made in the winter of 1847–1848 in Düsseldorf. It measures {{cvt|93|x|130|cm|in}} and has been held by the [[National Gallery (Norway)|National Gallery]] in Oslo since 1895.<ref name="NGN" /><ref>{{cite web
| pages = 171–
⚫
| url = https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/bridal-procession-on-the-hardangerfjord/EwGseaUks6vhrQ
}}</ref><ref name="NGN">{{cite web
⚫
| title = Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Hans Gude – Google Arts & Culture}}</ref>
⚫
| url = http://samling.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/object/NG.M.00467
It is one of the best known [[Norwegian art|Norwegian paintings]],<ref name="Neset2009">{{cite book
⚫
| title = Hans Gude, Adolph Tidemand, Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Nasjonalmuseet – Collection
⚫
| author = Arne Neset
}}</ref> The painting is 93 x 130&nbsp;cm, and is in the [[National Gallery (Norway)|National Gallery]] in Oslo.<ref name="NGN" /><ref>{{cite web
⚫
| title = Arcadian Waters and Wanton Seas: The Iconology of Waterscapes in Nineteenth-century Transatlantic Culture
⚫
| url = https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/bridal-procession-on-the-hardangerfjord/EwGseaUks6vhrQ
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUPRp-aDtvIC&pg=PA122
⚫
| title = Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Hans Gude – Google Arts & Culture
⚫
| year = 2009
}}</ref>
⚫
| publisher = Peter Lang

⚫
| isbn = 978-1-4331-0297-4
⚫
The painting is considered to be an excellent example of [[romantic nationalism]] in Norway.<ref name="Tuchtenhagen 2011">{{cite book
⚫
| pages = 122–}}</ref><ref name="Rue2009">{{cite book
⚫
| author = Anna C. Rue
⚫
| title = "In The Party Circle": Norwegian-Americans and their fiddle
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qWoOAQAAMAAJ
⚫
| year = 2009
⚫
| publisher = University of Wisconsin—Madison}}</ref>
⚫
and is considered to be an excellent example of [[romantic nationalism]] in Norway, combining a romanticised landscape with traditions of Norwegian life.<ref name="Tuchtenhagen 2011">{{cite book
| last = Tuchtenhagen
| last = Tuchtenhagen
| first = R.
| first = R.
Line 114: Line 83:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In the painting, a bridal procession crosses a [[fjord]] in boats, after the wedding. The groom, [[Hat tip|tipping his hat]], and the bride, in her [[bridal crown]], can be seen in the first boat. The boat crew are dressed in [[Bunad|typical Bunad costumes]]. In the distance, other boats with guests of the wedding can be seen.<ref name="Schmiesing2006">{{cite book
The painting depicts a bridal procession, crossing a [[fjord]] in rowing boats after the wedding. The first boat carries the groom, [[Hat tip|tipping his hat]], and the bride, in her [[bridal crown]] and traditional red costume of the Hardanger region. They are accompanied by some wedding guests: one person is pouring a drink from a jug, a musician is playing a [[fiddle]], and a man is standing to fire a gun in celebration. The boat crew are dressed in typical [[Bunad]] costumes. In the distance are two other boats conveying wedding guests, while more people wait on the shoreline, and others wave from a promontory.<ref name="Schmiesing2006">{{cite book
| author = Ann Schmiesing
| author = Ann Schmiesing
| title = Norway's Christiania Theatre, 1827–1867: From Danish Showhouse to National Stage
| title = Norway's Christiania Theatre, 1827–1867: From Danish Showhouse to National Stage
Line 127: Line 96:
| year = 1916
| year = 1916
| publisher = Aschendorff
| publisher = Aschendorff
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
In the background is a [[stave church]], under a blue summer sky with bright sunlight catching small clouds and snow on the mountains and a glacier.<ref name="NGN"/>
The scene, Gude later wrote, was not as viewed from a particular location, but was deliberately composed from his overall observations.<ref>{{cite web
While the scenery resembles [[Hardangerfjord]] and the [[Folgefonna]] glacier, Gude later wrote that it was not a view of a particular location, but rather was a composite made from his observations.<ref>{{cite web
| last1 = Skurtveit
| last1 = Skurtveit
| first1 = Nina
| first1 = Nina
Line 140: Line 110:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The painting was first presented in a [[tableau vivant]] at the Christiania Theater in 1849.<ref name="HjortLindqvist2016">{{cite book
The painting was commissioned as the backdrop for a ''[[tableau vivant]]''.<ref name="HjortLindqvist2016">{{cite book
| author1 = Mette Hjort
| author1 = Mette Hjort
| author2 = Ursula Lindqvist
| author2 = Ursula Lindqvist
Line 149: Line 119:
| isbn = 978-1-118-47527-0
| isbn = 978-1-118-47527-0
| pages = 282–
| pages = 282–
}}</ref> The soirée, in March 1849, included a theatrical group dressed in traditional costumes aboard a boat who performed a song by [[Andreas Munch]] with music by [[Halfdan Kjerulf]], with the painting itself serving as scenery.<ref name="Schmiesing2006" /><ref name="FalahatLange2003">{{cite book
}}</ref> The soirée at the [[Christiania Theatre]] in March 1849 included a theatrical group dressed in traditional costumes aboard a boat who performed a song "Brudefærden" ("The Wedding Procession") by [[Andreas Munch]] with music by [[Halfdan Kjerulf]], with the painting itself serving as scenery.<ref name="Schmiesing2006" /><ref name="FalahatLange2003">{{cite book
| author1 = Ann Falahat
| author1 = Ann Falahat
| author2 = Marit Ingeborg Lange
| author2 = Marit Ingeborg Lange
Line 159: Line 129:
| isbn = 978-82-90744-87-3
| isbn = 978-82-90744-87-3
}}</ref>
}}</ref>

Gude and Tidemand collaborated on other paintings, including at least five versions of the Hardanger bridal procession made around 1850, each with differences.<ref>[https://snl.no/Brudeferd_i_Hardanger Brudeferd i Hardanger], Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian)</ref> The [[prime version]] of 1848 was bought by the [[National Gallery (Norway)|National Gallery]] in Oslo in 1895. A second version of 1848 includes [[Ole Bull]] as the violinist: he had performed at the Christiania Theatre. Three versions were painted in 1853, of which one was sold at Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner in 2002 for [[Norwegian Kroner|NOK]] 5.1 million.<ref>[https://gwpa.no/nb/lots/3098 Gude, Hans Fredrik (1825-1903), ''Brudeferden i Hardanger'' 1853], Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner, 21 November 2002 (in Norwegian)</ref><ref>[https://www.bt.no/btmagasinet/i/853LG/heime-paa-perm Norskare enn dette blir det ikkje. No kjem det heim til Hardanger.] ''Bergens Tidende'', 2 May 2014 (in Norwegian)</ref>

Parallels have been drawn between these paintings by Gude and Tidemand, and the first version of ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' made by fellow Düsseldorf artist [[Emanuel Leutze]] from 1848 to 1850. The first version of Leutze's painting was destroyed in Germany during the Second World War, but two later versions survived in the US.

<gallery mode=packed>
File:Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|[[Emanuel Leutze]]'s ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'', 1851, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
File:Hans Gude & Adolph Tidemand - Brudeferden i Hardanger (1853).jpg|1853 version, private collection
File:Brudeferden i Hardanger - Bridal journey in Hardanger.jpg|Parody, 1887
</gallery>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 172: Line 152:
| journal = Kunst og Kultur
| journal = Kunst og Kultur
| volume = 97
| volume = 97
| issue = 02
| issue = 2
| date = 30 May 2014
| date = 30 May 2014
| issn = 1504-3029
| issn = 1504-3029
| pages = 66–76
| pages = 66–76
| doi = 10.18261/ISSN1504-3029-2014-02-02
| url = https://www.idunn.no/kk/2014/02/brudeferd_i_hardanger_-_originalbildet_som_fikk_nytt_liv_
| url = https://www.idunn.no/kk/2014/02/brudeferd_i_hardanger_-_originalbildet_som_fikk_nytt_liv_
| language = no
| language = no
| access-date = 24 August 2018
| access-date = 24 August 2018
⚫
| ref = none
}}
}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bridal Procession on the Hardanger}}
[[Category:Paintings by Hans Gude]]
[[Category:Paintings by Hans Gude]]
[[Category:1848 paintings]]
[[Category:1848 paintings]]
[[Category:Maritime paintings]]
[[Category:Maritime paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings in the National Gallery (Norway)]]

Latest revision as of 02:15, 14 April 2024

Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord
Norwegian: Brudeferd i Hardanger
ArtistHans Gude and Adolph Tidemand
Year1848 (1848)
CatalogueNG.M.00467
MediumOil on canvas
Dimensions93 cm × 130 cm (37 in × 51 in)
StandortNational Gallery, Oslo
Websitewww.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/collection/object/NG.M.00467

Bridal Procession on the Hardanger (Norwegian: Brudeferd i Hardanger) is an 1848 oil painting by Hans Gude and Adolph Tidemand. [1][2] Gude, aged just 23, painted the landscapes and Tidemand, a decade his senior, the bridal party.[1][3] Each of the Norwegian artists had studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf before they first met in Hardanger in 1843, and the painting was made in the winter of 1847–1848 in Düsseldorf. It measures 93 cm × 130 cm (37 in × 51 in) and has been held by the National Gallery in Oslo since 1895.[1][4] It is one of the best known Norwegian paintings,[5][6] and is considered to be an excellent example of romantic nationalism in Norway, combining a romanticised landscape with traditions of Norwegian life.[7][8][9]

The painting depicts a bridal procession, crossing a fjord in rowing boats after the wedding. The first boat carries the groom, tipping his hat, and the bride, in her bridal crown and traditional red costume of the Hardanger region. They are accompanied by some wedding guests: one person is pouring a drink from a jug, a musician is playing a fiddle, and a man is standing to fire a gun in celebration. The boat crew are dressed in typical Bunad costumes. In the distance are two other boats conveying wedding guests, while more people wait on the shoreline, and others wave from a promontory.[10][11] In the background is a stave church, under a blue summer sky with bright sunlight catching small clouds and snow on the mountains and a glacier.[1] While the scenery resembles Hardangerfjord and the Folgefonna glacier, Gude later wrote that it was not a view of a particular location, but rather was a composite made from his observations.[12]

The painting was commissioned as the backdrop for a tableau vivant.[13] The soirée at the Christiania Theatre in March 1849 included a theatrical group dressed in traditional costumes aboard a boat who performed a song "Brudefærden" ("The Wedding Procession") by Andreas Munch with music by Halfdan Kjerulf, with the painting itself serving as scenery.[10][14]

Gude and Tidemand collaborated on other paintings, including at least five versions of the Hardanger bridal procession made around 1850, each with differences.[15] The prime version of 1848 was bought by the National Gallery in Oslo in 1895. A second version of 1848 includes Ole Bull as the violinist: he had performed at the Christiania Theatre. Three versions were painted in 1853, of which one was sold at Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner in 2002 for NOK 5.1 million.[16][17]

Parallels have been drawn between these paintings by Gude and Tidemand, and the first version of Washington Crossing the Delaware made by fellow Düsseldorf artist Emanuel Leutze from 1848 to 1850. The first version of Leutze's painting was destroyed in Germany during the Second World War, but two later versions survived in the US.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Hans Gude, Adolph Tidemand, Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Nasjonalmuseet – Collection".
  2. ^ Gérard Denizeau (2004). Vocabulaire des arts visuels du XIXe siècle. Minerve. ISBN 978-2-86931-108-4.
  3. ^ Margaret Hayford O'Leary (2010). Culture and Customs of Norway. ABC-CLIO. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-0-313-36248-4.
  4. ^ "Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord – Hans Gude – Google Arts & Culture".
  5. ^ Arne Neset (2009). Arcadian Waters and Wanton Seas: The Iconology of Waterscapes in Nineteenth-century Transatlantic Culture. Peter Lang. pp. 122–. ISBN 978-1-4331-0297-4.
  6. ^ Anna C. Rue (2009). "In The Party Circle": Norwegian-Americans and their fiddle. University of Wisconsin—Madison.
  7. ^ Tuchtenhagen, R. (2011). Kleine Geschichte Norwegens. Beck'sche Reihe (in German). C.H.Beck. p. 118. ISBN 978-3-406-61563-4. Retrieved 24 August 2018. Werke wie Højfjæld (Hochfjell, 1857) und das gemeinsam mit Tidemand angefertigte Brudeferd i Hardanger (s. o.) sowie Brenninger (Brände, 1862) wurden zum Inbegriff der norwegischen nationalen Topographie. Nicht nur in der ...
  8. ^ Toril Moi (14 February 2008). Henrik Ibsen and the Birth of Modernism: Art, Theater, Philosophy. OUP Oxford. pp. 246–. ISBN 978-0-19-150264-4.
  9. ^ Daniel M. Grimley (2006). Grieg: Music, Landscape and Norwegian Identity. Boydell Press. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-1-84383-210-2.
  10. ^ a b Ann Schmiesing (2006). Norway's Christiania Theatre, 1827–1867: From Danish Showhouse to National Stage. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-0-8386-4107-1.
  11. ^ Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens. Aschendorff. 1916.
  12. ^ Skurtveit, Nina (13 October 2008). "Brudeferden i Hardanger". Kultur og underholdning (in Norwegian). Norsk rikskringkasting. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  13. ^ Mette Hjort; Ursula Lindqvist (24 March 2016). A Companion to Nordic Cinema. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 282–. ISBN 978-1-118-47527-0.
  14. ^ Ann Falahat; Marit Ingeborg Lange; Nasjonalgalleriet (Norway) (2003). Hans Fredrik Gude på papir. Nasjonalgalleriet. ISBN 978-82-90744-87-3.
  15. ^ Brudeferd i Hardanger, Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian)
  16. ^ Gude, Hans Fredrik (1825-1903), Brudeferden i Hardanger 1853, Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner, 21 November 2002 (in Norwegian)
  17. ^ Norskare enn dette blir det ikkje. No kjem det heim til Hardanger. Bergens Tidende, 2 May 2014 (in Norwegian)

Further reading

[edit]
Norwegian Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Brudefærden Lyrics (in Norwegian) of Munch's song
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bridal_Procession_on_the_Hardangerfjord&oldid=1218824125"