Palace of Moncloa: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Residence of the Prime Minister of Spain}} |
{{short description|Residence of the Prime Minister of Spain}} |
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{{Infobox building |
{{Infobox building |
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| name |
| name = Moncloa Palace |
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| native_name |
| native_name = ''Palacio de la Moncloa'' |
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| native_name_lang |
| native_name_lang = Spanish |
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| former_names |
| former_names = Palace of the Counts of Moncloa |
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| alternate_names |
| alternate_names = La Moncloa |
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| logo |
| logo = Logo La Moncloa 2022.svg |
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| |
| logo_size = 100px |
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| image |
| image = [[Image:Fachada Moncloa.png|250px]] |
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| image_alt |
| image_alt = |
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| caption |
| caption = Main facade of La Moncloa Palace |
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| map_type |
| map_type = |
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| map_alt |
| map_alt = |
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| map_caption |
| map_caption = |
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| altitude |
| altitude = |
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| building_type |
| building_type = |
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| architectural_style |
| architectural_style = |
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| structural_system |
| structural_system = |
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| cost |
| cost = |
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| ren_cost |
| ren_cost = |
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| client |
| client = |
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| owner |
| owner = [[Government of Spain]] |
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| current_tenants |
| current_tenants = Prime Minister [[Pedro Sánchez (politician)|Pedro Sánchez]] and his family |
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| landlord |
| landlord = |
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| location |
| location = |
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| address |
| address = Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n |
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| location_town |
| location_town = [[Madrid]] |
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| location_country |
| location_country = [[Spain]] |
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| coordinates |
| coordinates = {{coord|40.4436|N|3.7371|W|region:ES|display=inline,title}} |
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| start_date |
| start_date = 1947 (reconstruction of the 17th-century original) |
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| completion_date |
| completion_date = 1955 |
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| inauguration_date |
| inauguration_date = |
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| renovation_date |
| renovation_date = 1977 |
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| demolition_date |
| demolition_date = |
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| destruction_date |
| destruction_date = |
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| height |
| height = |
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| diameter |
| diameter = |
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| antenna_spire |
| antenna_spire = |
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| roof |
| roof = |
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| top_floor |
| top_floor = |
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| other_dimensions |
| other_dimensions = |
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| floor_count |
| floor_count = |
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| floor_area |
| floor_area = |
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| seating_type |
| seating_type = |
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| seating_capacity |
| seating_capacity = |
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| elevator_count |
| elevator_count = |
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| main_contractor |
| main_contractor = |
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| architect |
| architect = Isidro González Velázquez<br>Joaquín Ezquerra del Bayo<br>Diego Méndez<br>José de Azpiroz y Azpiroz |
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| architecture_firm |
| architecture_firm = |
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| structural_engineer |
| structural_engineer = |
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| services_engineer |
| services_engineer = |
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| civil_engineer |
| civil_engineer = |
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| other_designers |
| other_designers = |
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| quantity_surveyor |
| quantity_surveyor = |
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| awards |
| awards = |
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| ren_architect |
| ren_architect = |
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| ren_firm |
| ren_firm = |
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| ren_str_engineer |
| ren_str_engineer = |
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| ren_serv_engineer |
| ren_serv_engineer = |
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| ren_civ_engineer |
| ren_civ_engineer = |
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| ren_oth_designers |
| ren_oth_designers = |
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| ren_qty_surveyor |
| ren_qty_surveyor = |
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| ren_awards |
| ren_awards = |
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| url |
| url = |
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| references |
| references = |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:LaMoncloa.jpg|thumb|270px|View of the |
[[File:LaMoncloa.jpg|thumb|270px|View of the La Moncloa Complex from the University City of Madrid]] |
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The '''Palace of Moncloa''' or '''Moncloa Palace''' ({{lang-es|Palacio de |
The '''Palace of Moncloa''' or '''Moncloa Palace''' ({{lang-es|Palacio de la Moncloa}}) is the [[official residence]] and workplace of the President of the Government (Spanish: ''Presidente del Gobierno''), a position usually known in the English language as the [[Prime Minister of Spain]]. It is located in Puerta de Hierro Avenue, in the [[Moncloa-Aravaca]] district in [[Madrid]]. It has been the official residence of the Prime Minister since 1977, when [[Adolfo Suárez]] moved the residence from the [[Palace of Villamejor]]. |
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The Moncloa Complex includes 16 buildings, a [[bunker]] and a hospital. The [[Ministry of the Presidency (Spain)|Ministry of the Presidency]], the [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain|Deputy Prime Minister's Office]], the [[Cabinet Office (Spain)|Cabinet Office]], the [[Moncloa Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff's Office]] and the [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Press Office]] are located in this complex. The weekly meetings of the [[Council of Ministers (Spain)|Council of Ministers]] are also held at La Moncloa. |
The Moncloa Complex includes 16 buildings, a [[bunker]] and a hospital. The [[Ministry of the Presidency (Spain)|Ministry of the Presidency]], the [[Deputy Prime Minister of Spain|Deputy Prime Minister's Office]], the [[Cabinet Office (Spain)|Cabinet Office]], the [[Moncloa Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff's Office]] and the [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Press Office]] are located in this complex. The weekly meetings of the [[Council of Ministers (Spain)|Council of Ministers]] are also held at La Moncloa. |
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In Spain 'Moncloa' is sometimes used as a metonym for the central government, especially when contrasting with the governments of the [[Autonomous Communities]]. |
In Spain, 'Moncloa' is sometimes used as a [[metonym]] for the central government, especially when contrasting with the governments of the [[Autonomous Communities]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{ |
{{see also|Palacio de La Moncloa before the Spanish Civil War}} |
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The Moncloa Palace was originally a farm for agricultural use, which, due to its good situation, later became a palace-house. In 1660 it was bought by Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán, Marquis of Carpio and Eliche, owner of the neighboring orchard of La Moncloa, a name that came from its former owners, the Counts of Monclova, which later gave rise to Moncloa, as know today. |
The Moncloa Palace was originally a farm for agricultural use, which, due to its good situation, later became a palace-house. In 1660 it was bought by Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán, Marquis of Carpio and Eliche, owner of the neighboring orchard of La Moncloa, a name that came from its former owners, the Counts of Monclova, which later gave rise to Moncloa, as know today. |
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When the two gardens were joined, Gaspar de Haro had a palace built on the highest part of the land, known first as Eliche's Palace and also as Painted House, in reference to the frescoes that adorned the exterior walls, and later as Palace of La Moncloa. |
When the two gardens were joined, Gaspar de Haro had a palace built on the highest part of the land, known first as Eliche's Palace and also as Painted House, in reference to the frescoes that adorned the exterior walls, and later as Palace of La Moncloa. |
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The Palace passed through different owners until reaching [[Maria del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva Alvarez de Toledo|María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva Álvarez de Toledo]], 13th [[Duchy of Alba|Duchess of Alba de Tormes]]. |
The Palace passed through different owners until reaching [[Maria del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva Alvarez de Toledo|María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva Álvarez de Toledo]], 13th [[Duchy of Alba|Duchess of Alba de Tormes]]. After her death without descendants in 1802, King [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]] acquired the mansion and the orchard and added it to the Royal Site of La Florida, which was then named the Royal Site of La Moncloa. In 1816, King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] ordered the restoration of the palace. |
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Thirty years later, [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] ceded the property of La Moncloa to the State, |
Thirty years later, Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] ceded the property of La Moncloa to the State, and it went on to become part of the [[Ministry of Development (Spain)|Ministry of Development]]. The palace was restored again in 1929, when it was reopened as a museum. |
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The Palace was destroyed during the [[Siege of Madrid]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref>{{ |
The Palace was destroyed during the [[Siege of Madrid]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=El Palacio de la Moncloa, una historia en cinco siglos |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/la-transicion-espanola/abci-palacio-moncloa-historia-cinco-siglos-201706130314_noticia.html |work=abc |access-date=2018-08-03 |language=es-ES}}</ref> |
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A decade after its destruction, the architect Diego Méndez built, between 1949 and 1953, the present building following the model of the [[Casa del Labrador]] of [[Aranjuez]]. Then it was destined to official residence of heads of State in visits to [[Spain]] and high personalities. |
A decade after its destruction, the architect Diego Méndez built, between 1949 and 1953, the present building following the model of the [[Casa del Labrador]] of [[Aranjuez]]. Then it was destined to official residence of heads of State in visits to [[Spain]] and high personalities. |
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By law of July 15, 1954, the Moncloa Palace and its gardens, with an area of 58,293.81 square meters and adjoining the four cardinal points with land of the [[University City of Madrid]], was integrated into the [[Patrimonio Nacional|National Heritage]]. The new design was adapted to the new functions assigned to the palace, which was inaugurated by [[Francisco Franco]] in 1953. On June 3, 1954, arrived the palace's first foreign head of state, [[Rafael Leonidas Trujillo]] |
By a law of July 15, 1954, the Moncloa Palace and its gardens, with an area of 58,293.81 square meters and adjoining the four cardinal points with land of the [[University City of Madrid]], was integrated into the [[Patrimonio Nacional|National Heritage]]. The new design was adapted to the new functions assigned to the palace, which was inaugurated by [[Francisco Franco]] in 1953. On June 3, 1954, arrived the palace's first visiting foreign head of state, [[Rafael Leonidas Trujillo]]; on November 28, 1976, the last one, [[Carlos Andrés Pérez]]. |
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In 1977, Prime Minister [[Adolfo Suárez]] moved the headquarters of the Presidency of the Government, located until then in the central Villamejor Palace, to La Moncloa. The change occurred |
In 1977, Prime Minister [[Adolfo Suárez]] moved the headquarters of the Presidency of the Government, located until then in the central Villamejor Palace, to the far more remote La Moncloa. The change occurred for security reasons, in the face of concern that an attack against the young prime minister, newly appointed by [[King Juan Carlos I]]. With the new palace was also established on it the official residence for the Prime Minister and his family. |
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== |
==Renovations== |
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Since 1977, |
Since 1977, successive prime ministers have consistently ordered renovations and expansions of the complex. [[Adolfo Suárez|Adolfo Suarez]] ordered the construction of a tennis court and the renovation of the pool. He also ordered the old main courtyard be covered, which would later become the famous Hall of Columns. |
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During his brief tenure as prime minister in the early 1980s, [[Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo]] installed more bedrooms on the third floor for his eight children as well as a music room. [[Felipe González]] arrived in 1982 and cultivated a small orchard of [[bonsai]]s. González's major contribution, though, was the construction of an underground bunker inspired by his memory of the [[23F|coup d'état attempt of February 23, 1981]]. He also built a new building close to the presidential residence to host the Council of Ministers, dedicating the main building to serve more as the private residence of the prime minister. |
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[[José María Aznar]], [[Ana Botella]], |
[[José María Aznar]], [[Ana Botella]], their three sons and two cocker dogs lived at Moncloa between 1996 and 2004. Aznar was responsible for the construction of a game room for his children as well as a paddle tennis court to practice his favorite sport. [[Sonsoles Espinosa]], wife of the Prime Minister [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], decided to radically renovate the private rooms. She favored a minimalist style, painting the rooms light colors, changing classic furniture for different designs (but retaining certain pieces such as the table of General Narváez, a gift from Juan Carlos I to Adolfo Suárez located in the Prime Minister's Office) and hung pictures of contemporary artists on the walls. [[Mariano Rajoy]] and his wife did not make many changes that are known beyond swapping out the vases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lavozdeasturias.es/noticia/espana/2018/06/05/viviran-pedro-sanchez-familia-moncloa/00031528199249126419746.htm|title=Así vivirán Pedro Sánchez y su familia en la Moncloa|date=2018-06-05|work=La Voz de Asturias|access-date=2018-08-03|language=es-ES}}</ref> |
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[[File:Palacio de la Moncloa |
[[File:Palacio de la Moncloa, Madrid, España edited.jpg|thumb|Northwest facade of Moncloa]] |
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==Public access and security== |
==Public access and security== |
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Before September 19, 2018, the entrance to the palace by the public were not allowed. Only accredited personnel like journalists or public servants were allowed to enter along with universities, high schools and primary schools students. These latter usually make a short tour to know the gardens and the Press Center. |
Before September 19, 2018, the entrance to the palace by the public were not allowed. Only accredited personnel like journalists or public servants were allowed to enter along with universities, high schools and primary schools students. These latter usually make a short tour to know the gardens and the Press Center. |
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Since September 2018, the new PM Pedro Sánchez |
Since September 2018, the new PM [[Pedro Sánchez]] allows the public to visit the Complex, not only the Press Room and the Council of Minister's Room but the main buildings of the complex, including the Deputy PM's Office, the Ministry of the Presidency building and the Prime Minister Chief of Staff's Office. |
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<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/noticias/2018-08-26/la-moncloa-abierto-publico-palacio-maldito-pedro-sanchez_1607451/|title=La Moncloa se abre al público: así es el palacio maldito de Pedro Sánchez|work=El Confidencial|access-date=2018-09-21|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yaencontre.com/noticias/casas/la-moncloa-abre-las-puertas-septiembre/|title=La Moncloa abre las puertas en septiembre - yaencontre|date=2018-08-29|work=El recibidor|access-date=2018-09-21|language=es-ES}}</ref> |
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/noticias/2018-08-26/la-moncloa-abierto-publico-palacio-maldito-pedro-sanchez_1607451/|title=La Moncloa se abre al público: así es el palacio maldito de Pedro Sánchez|work=El Confidencial|access-date=2018-09-21|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yaencontre.com/noticias/casas/la-moncloa-abre-las-puertas-septiembre/|title=La Moncloa abre las puertas en septiembre - yaencontre|date=2018-08-29|work=El recibidor|access-date=2018-09-21|language=es-ES}}</ref> |
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==== Council Room ==== |
==== Council Room ==== |
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The main room of the building is the Council Room where |
The main room of the building is the Council Room where the meetings of the [[Council of Ministers (Spain)|Council of Ministers]] are held. |
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==== Tapestry Room ==== |
==== Tapestry Room ==== |
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=== Seeds Building === |
=== Seeds Building === |
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The Seeds Building was built in 1950 as part of the [[Ministry of Agriculture (Spain)|Ministry of Agriculture]]. Its name is because it was the place where the [[ |
The Seeds Building was built in 1950 as part of the [[Ministry of Agriculture (Spain)|Ministry of Agriculture]]. Its name is because it was the place where the [[seed]]s were once stored. |
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It currently hosts the personal [[Cabinet Office (Spain)|Cabinet of the Office of the Prime Minister]]. On the first floor is the office of the [[Moncloa Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]], an office that was used in the 1980s by [[Alfonso Guerra]], and before by Joaquín Garrigues Walker with prime minister [[Adolfo Suárez]].<ref name=":0" /> |
It currently hosts the personal [[Cabinet Office (Spain)|Cabinet of the Office of the Prime Minister]]. On the first floor is the office of the [[Moncloa Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]], an office that was used in the 1980s by [[Alfonso Guerra]], and before by Joaquín Garrigues Walker with prime minister [[Adolfo Suárez]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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=== INIA Building === |
=== INIA Building === |
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The INIA building was built in 1953 by the architect José Azpiroz. It receives this name for having housed the National Institute of Agrarian Research (INIA). It |
The INIA building was built in 1953 by the architect José Azpiroz. It receives this name for having housed the National Institute of Agrarian Research (INIA). It is also known as the Monastery of the Presidency because for its resemblance to a [[monastery]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/03/27/album/1522143020_493174.html|title=Fotos: Las tripas de La Moncloa|last=Rodríguez|first=Jesús|date=2018-04-15|work=El País|access-date=2019-03-29|last2=Lejarcegi|first2=Gorka|language=es|issn=1134-6582}}</ref> |
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It is currently the headquarters of the [[Ministry of the Presidency (Spain)|Ministry of the Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /> |
It is currently the headquarters of the [[Ministry of the Presidency (Spain)|Ministry of the Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Prime Minister's Office== |
==Prime Minister's Office== |
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{{Main|Prime Minister |
{{Main|Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)}} |
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The Prime Minister's Office lies within the Moncloa Palace. It is staffed by a mix of career Civil Servants and Advisers. The highest ranking of the Office is the [[Moncloa Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]] which is a political appointment on which the rest of the Office officials depend. |
The Prime Minister's Office lies within the Moncloa Palace. It is staffed by a mix of career Civil Servants and Advisers. The highest ranking of the Office is the [[Moncloa Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]], which is a political appointment on which the rest of the Office officials depend. |
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===Current positions within the Office of the Prime Minister=== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! Position |
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! Current holder |
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! Term started |
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|- |
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| [[Moncloa Chief of Staff]] |
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| '''[[Iván Redondo]]''' |
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| 8 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Spokesperson of the Government]] |
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|'''[[María Jesús Montero]]''' {{small|[[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|MP]]}} |
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| 13 January 2020 |
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|- |
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|[[Secretary of State for Press]] |
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| '''Miguel Ángel Oliver''' |
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| 8 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| Moncloa Deputy Chief of Staff |
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|'''''Vacant''''' |
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| |
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|- |
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| Secretary General of the Prime Minister's Office |
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| '''Félix Bolaños García''' |
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| 9 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| Secretary General for International Affairs, European Union, G20 and Global Security |
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| '''José Manuel Albares Bueno''' |
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| 19 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| [[Department of Homeland Security (Spain)|Director of the Homeland Security Department]] |
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| '''[[Miguel Ángel Ballesteros]]''' |
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| 19 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| Director for Analysis and Studies |
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| '''Francisco José Salazar Rodríguez''' |
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| 19 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| Director of the Protocol Department |
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| '''Jorge Mijangos Blanco''' |
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| 1 March 2019 |
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|- |
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| Director of the Security Department |
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| '''María Marcos Salvador''' |
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| 14 September 2018 |
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|- |
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| Director-General for Communication |
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| '''Susana Reverter Vázquez''' |
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| 19 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| Director-General for National Information |
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| '''José María Caballero''' <small>(Acting)</small> |
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| 5 April 2019 |
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|- |
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| Director-General for International Information |
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| '''María del Carmen Pérez Pérez''' |
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| 29 June 2018 |
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|- |
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| High Commissioner for the fight against child poverty |
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| '''Sandra León Alfonso''' <small>(Acting)</small> |
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| 22 March 2019 |
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|- |
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| High Commissioner for the 2030 Agenda |
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| '''[[Cristina Gallach]]''' |
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| 7 July 2018 |
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|- |
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|} |
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* On September 14, 2018, Pau Vicent Marí Klose was appointed High Commissioner for the fight against child poverty after [[María Luisa Carcedo]], the previous high commissioner was promoted to [[Ministry of Health (Spain)|Minister of Health]]. |
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* On March 1, 2019, Jorge Mijangos Blanco was appointed Chief of the Protocol Department replacing Andrés Costilludo Gómez who was the Director of the Protocol Department of PM [[Mariano Rajoy]] (and of PM Sánchez between June 2018 and March 2019). |
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* On March 22, 2019, Pau Vincet Marí Klose was dismissed by the Prime Minister because Klose wanted to be candidate in the [[April 2019 Spanish general election|2019 general election]] and it wasn't compatible with the office. Since then, the Director of the Office of the High Commissioner, Sandra León Alfonso is the Acting High Commissioner. |
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* On April 5, 2019, Alberto Pozas Fernández resigned as Director-General for National Information after a possible case of espionage to political rivals in previous legislatures was uncovered in which he could be involved. Since then, the Deputy Director-General José María Caballero assumed the office as Acting Director-General. |
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*On January 13, 2020, Finance Minister María Jesús Montero replaced Education Minister [[Isabel Celaá]] as Government Spokesperson after the Cabinet reshuffle. |
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*On January 25, 2020, the deputy chief of staff, Andrea Gavela Llopis, was dismissed with no replacement. |
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===Structure of the Prime Minister's Office=== |
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* '''Prime Minister's Cabinet''' |
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*:It is the main body of the Office. It coordinates and oversees the rest of the departments. It is directed by the Chief of Staff. |
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* '''Secretariat of State of Press''' |
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*: It's the body that assumes the competencies over press. The Secretary of State of Press is in charge of this body, but depends from the Government's Spokesperson. |
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** Directorate-General for National Information |
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** Directorate-General for Communication |
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** Directorate-General for International Information |
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* '''Deputy Chief of Staff's Office''' |
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** Department for National Affairs |
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*** Education, Science and Culture Unit |
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*** Health and Social Policies Unit |
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*** Justice and Interior Unit |
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*** Coordination Unit |
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** Department for Economic Affairs |
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*** Macroeconomic and Financial Policies Unit |
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*** Socio-Labor Policies Unit |
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** Department for Institutional Affairs |
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** Department for Communication with Citizens |
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* '''General Secretariat of the Office''' |
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** Deputy Secretary General |
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** Department of Protocol |
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** Department of Security |
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* '''General Secretariat for International Affairs, European Union, G20 and Global Security''' |
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** Department for International Affairs and Global Security |
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** Department for European Affairs and G20 |
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* '''Direction for Analysis and Studies''' |
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* '''Direction for the Department of Homeland Security''' |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/home Official website of the Presidency of the Government of Spain] |
*[http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/home Official website of the Presidency of the Government of Spain] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Official residences in Spain|Moncloa]] |
[[Category:Official residences in Spain|Moncloa]] |
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[[Category:Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in Madrid]] |
[[Category:Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in Madrid]] |
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[[Category:Spanish Prime Minister's Office]] |
[[Category:Spanish Prime Minister's Office]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ciudad Universitaria neighborhood, Madrid]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:11, 20 April 2024
| Moncloa Palace | |
|---|---|
Palacio de la Moncloa | |
 | |
 Main facade of La Moncloa Palace | |
 | |
| Former names | Palace of the Counts of Moncloa |
| Alternative names | La Moncloa |
| General information | |
| Address | Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n |
| Town or city | Madrid |
| Country | Spain |
| Coordinates | 40°26′37″N 3°44′14″W / 40.4436°N 3.7371°W |
| Current tenants | Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and his family |
| Construction started | 1947 (reconstruction of the 17th-century original) |
| Completed | 1955 |
| Renovated | 1977 |
| Owner | Government of Spain |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Isidro González Velázquez Joaquín Ezquerra del Bayo Diego Méndez José de Azpiroz y Azpiroz |
The Palace of Moncloa or Moncloa Palace (Spanish: Palacio de la Moncloa) is the official residence and workplace of the President of the Government (Spanish: Presidente del Gobierno), a position usually known in the English language as the Prime Minister of Spain. It is located in Puerta de Hierro Avenue, in the Moncloa-Aravaca district in Madrid. It has been the official residence of the Prime Minister since 1977, when Adolfo Suárez moved the residence from the Palace of Villamejor.
The Moncloa Complex includes 16 buildings, a bunker and a hospital. The Ministry of the Presidency, the Deputy Prime Minister's Office, the Cabinet Office, the Chief of Staff's Office and the Press Office are located in this complex. The weekly meetings of the Council of Ministers are also held at La Moncloa.
In Spain, 'Moncloa' is sometimes used as a metonym for the central government, especially when contrasting with the governments of the Autonomous Communities.
History
[edit]The Moncloa Palace was originally a farm for agricultural use, which, due to its good situation, later became a palace-house. In 1660 it was bought by Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán, Marquis of Carpio and Eliche, owner of the neighboring orchard of La Moncloa, a name that came from its former owners, the Counts of Monclova, which later gave rise to Moncloa, as know today.
When the two gardens were joined, Gaspar de Haro had a palace built on the highest part of the land, known first as Eliche's Palace and also as Painted House, in reference to the frescoes that adorned the exterior walls, and later as Palace of La Moncloa.
The Palace passed through different owners until reaching María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duchess of Alba de Tormes. After her death without descendants in 1802, King Charles IV acquired the mansion and the orchard and added it to the Royal Site of La Florida, which was then named the Royal Site of La Moncloa. In 1816, King Ferdinand VII ordered the restoration of the palace.
Thirty years later, Queen Isabella II ceded the property of La Moncloa to the State, and it went on to become part of the Ministry of Development. The palace was restored again in 1929, when it was reopened as a museum.
The Palace was destroyed during the Siege of Madrid in the Spanish Civil War.[1]
A decade after its destruction, the architect Diego Méndez built, between 1949 and 1953, the present building following the model of the Casa del Labrador of Aranjuez. Then it was destined to official residence of heads of State in visits to Spain and high personalities.
By a law of July 15, 1954, the Moncloa Palace and its gardens, with an area of 58,293.81 square meters and adjoining the four cardinal points with land of the University City of Madrid, was integrated into the National Heritage. The new design was adapted to the new functions assigned to the palace, which was inaugurated by Francisco Franco in 1953. On June 3, 1954, arrived the palace's first visiting foreign head of state, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo; on November 28, 1976, the last one, Carlos Andrés Pérez.
In 1977, Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez moved the headquarters of the Presidency of the Government, located until then in the central Villamejor Palace, to the far more remote La Moncloa. The change occurred for security reasons, in the face of concern that an attack against the young prime minister, newly appointed by King Juan Carlos I. With the new palace was also established on it the official residence for the Prime Minister and his family.
Renovations
[edit]Since 1977, successive prime ministers have consistently ordered renovations and expansions of the complex. Adolfo Suarez ordered the construction of a tennis court and the renovation of the pool. He also ordered the old main courtyard be covered, which would later become the famous Hall of Columns.
During his brief tenure as prime minister in the early 1980s, Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo installed more bedrooms on the third floor for his eight children as well as a music room. Felipe González arrived in 1982 and cultivated a small orchard of bonsais. González's major contribution, though, was the construction of an underground bunker inspired by his memory of the coup d'état attempt of February 23, 1981. He also built a new building close to the presidential residence to host the Council of Ministers, dedicating the main building to serve more as the private residence of the prime minister.
José María Aznar, Ana Botella, their three sons and two cocker dogs lived at Moncloa between 1996 and 2004. Aznar was responsible for the construction of a game room for his children as well as a paddle tennis court to practice his favorite sport. Sonsoles Espinosa, wife of the Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, decided to radically renovate the private rooms. She favored a minimalist style, painting the rooms light colors, changing classic furniture for different designs (but retaining certain pieces such as the table of General Narváez, a gift from Juan Carlos I to Adolfo Suárez located in the Prime Minister's Office) and hung pictures of contemporary artists on the walls. Mariano Rajoy and his wife did not make many changes that are known beyond swapping out the vases.[2]
Public access and security
[edit]Accessibility
[edit]Before September 19, 2018, the entrance to the palace by the public were not allowed. Only accredited personnel like journalists or public servants were allowed to enter along with universities, high schools and primary schools students. These latter usually make a short tour to know the gardens and the Press Center.
Since September 2018, the new PM Pedro Sánchez allows the public to visit the Complex, not only the Press Room and the Council of Minister's Room but the main buildings of the complex, including the Deputy PM's Office, the Ministry of the Presidency building and the Prime Minister Chief of Staff's Office. [3][4]
There is a tradition in summer by which the prime minister make a tour through the Palace to the children of the employees of the Complex.[5][6]
The requirements to visit the governmental complex is to be a Spanish citizen or to live in Spain, ask for a date, show the guards the ID and leave in the entrance all electronic devices.
Security
[edit]The security of the complex is carried out by the Department of Security of the Presidency of the Government, a government body responsible for the protection of the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Government's Ministers and former Prime Ministers, along with their families. It also gives protection to the Moncloa Complex and the private and public residences of the members of the Government.
The security agents come from the Civil Guard and the National Police Corps.
Buildings and rooms
[edit]Council Building
[edit]The building was built in 1989 during the premiership of Felipe González in order to differentiate the residential and working areas of the palace.[7]
The Prime Minister's Office maintains an agreement with the Reina Sofía Museum under which the decoration of the building is composed of works of this museum. The artistic collection consists of more than 140 works by authors such as Joan Miró, Eduardo Chillida, Julio González, Pablo Palazuelo or Antoni Tàpies, among others. It also has numerous furniture belonging to the National Heritage.
Council Room
[edit]The main room of the building is the Council Room where the meetings of the Council of Ministers are held.
Tapestry Room
[edit]
The Tapestry Room is one of the biggest rooms of the building and it is used for receptions, official events and, occasionally, for press conferences.
Tàpies Room
[edit]The Tàpies Room is the room where the Prime Minister receives its guests.
Vice Presidency Building
[edit]It is one of the newest buildings of the Complex. It was built in 2006 under the premiership of José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero. This building currently houses the Deputy Prime Minister's Office.[7]
Seeds Building
[edit]The Seeds Building was built in 1950 as part of the Ministry of Agriculture. Its name is because it was the place where the seeds were once stored.
It currently hosts the personal Cabinet of the Office of the Prime Minister. On the first floor is the office of the Chief of Staff, an office that was used in the 1980s by Alfonso Guerra, and before by Joaquín Garrigues Walker with prime minister Adolfo Suárez.[7]
INIA Building
[edit]The INIA building was built in 1953 by the architect José Azpiroz. It receives this name for having housed the National Institute of Agrarian Research (INIA). It is also known as the Monastery of the Presidency because for its resemblance to a monastery.[8]
It is currently the headquarters of the Ministry of the Presidency.[7]
General Commission Room
[edit]Inside of the INIA building takes place the meetings of the General Commission of Secretaries of State and Undersecretaries, the body responsible for preparing the matters to be discussed in the Council of Ministers.
Spokesperson Building
[edit]It was built in 1950 as another branch of the Ministry of Agriculture, formerly the laboratory where the seeds were analyzed. When the government's headquarters were moved to Moncloa, it went on to house the Information Office. Between 1988 and 1993 and between 2000 and 2002, the building was the headquarters of a ministerial department when the Office was elevated to the rank of Ministry.
Currently the building houses the Secretariat of State for Press. Among its rooms it has the Press Room, where the journalists have their own place to work and the Press Centre, where the spokesperson and other ministers hold the press briefing after the Council of Ministers meetings.[8]
Other buildings
[edit]The whole complex is composed of 16 buildings where the different services of the Prime Minister's Office are distributed such as security, protocol, health service, etc.
Prime Minister's Office
[edit]The Prime Minister's Office lies within the Moncloa Palace. It is staffed by a mix of career Civil Servants and Advisers. The highest ranking of the Office is the Chief of Staff, which is a political appointment on which the rest of the Office officials depend.
References
[edit]- ^ "El Palacio de la Moncloa, una historia en cinco siglos". abc (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ "Así vivirán Pedro Sánchez y su familia en la Moncloa". La Voz de Asturias (in European Spanish). 2018-06-05. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ "La Moncloa se abre al público: así es el palacio maldito de Pedro Sánchez". El Confidencial (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-21.
- ^ "La Moncloa abre las puertas en septiembre - yaencontre". El recibidor (in European Spanish). 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2018-09-21.
- ^ "Rajoy abre las puertas de Moncloa a los hijos de los empleados del complejo". Diario Sur (in Spanish). 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ "Pedro Sánchez enseña el Palacio de La Moncloa a un grupo de niños". elcorreoweb.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ a b c d "La Moncloa Abierta" (PDF). 2018.
- ^ a b Rodríguez, Jesús; Lejarcegi, Gorka (2018-04-15). "Fotos: Las tripas de La Moncloa". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
External links
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