Remington Rolling Block rifle: Difference between revisions

Remington Rolling Block
Remington Rolling Block
Typ	Rolling-block rifle
Place of origin	Vereinigte Staaten
Service history
In service	1867–1918 [citation needed]
Wars	List of wars American Indian Wars; Wars of Italian unification; War of the Triple Alliance (limited); Six Years' War; Franco-Prussian War; Ten Years' War; Third Carlist War; Cantonal rebellion; Conquest of the Desert; Ethiopian–Egyptian War; Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878); Russo-Turkish War; Little War; Mahdist War; Mapuche uprising of 1881; Anglo-Egyptian War; South African Wars (1879–1915); War of the Pacific; Revolution of the Park; Chilean Civil War of 1891; Federalist Revolution; First Melillan campaign; Cuban War of Independence; Uruguayan Revolution of 1897; Intentona de Yauco; Philippine Revolution; Greco-Turkish War (1897); Spanish–American War; Philippine–American War; Totoposte Wars; Revolution of 1904; Mexican Revolution; Italo-Turkish War; First Dominican Civil War; Second Dominican Civil War; World War I; Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition; United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924); Coto War; Second Honduran Civil War; Second Italo-Ethiopian War;
Production history
Designer	Joseph Rider
Designed	1864
Manufacturer	Remington Arms Company
Specifications
Mass	9.25 lb (4.20 kg)
Length	50.4 in (1,280 mm) to 53.3 in (1,350 mm)
Barrel length	35.7 in (910 mm) to 37.4 in (950 mm)
Cartridge	.58 Berdan; .50-70; .50-45 Carbine; 12.7×45mmR Pontificio; 12.17×42mm RF; 12.17×44mmR; .45-70; .43 Spanish; .43 Egyptian; 10.15×61mmR; 8×58mmR Danish Krag; 8×50mmR Lebel; 11×59mmR Gras; .303 British; 7.65×53mm Argentine; .30-40 Krag; .30-06 Springfield; 7.62×54mmR; .30 Remington; 7×57mm Mauser; 6.5mm Daudeteau No. 12; .236 Remington; 11 mm Danish; 56-50 Spencer Various Target/Sporting/Hunting Calibers
Action	Rolling block
Feed system	Breech-loading
Sights	Rear ramp & leaf sight, blade front sight

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Remington Rolling Block is a family of breech-loading rifles that was produced from the mid-1860s into the early 20th century by E. Remington and Sons (later Remington Arms).

These rifles were made in a variety of calibers, both rimfire and centerfire, including the 12.17x42 mm rimfire, 12.17x44 mm rimfire and 12.17x44 mm rimmed centerfire Swedish and Norwegian cartridges, .43 Spanish (11.15x58mmR), .50-70, .40-70, .45-70 and later in .22 caliber. Later models were produced in .30-03 (Predecessor to .30-06), 7×57mm Mauser, and 8×50mmR Lebel.

Development

The Remington Rolling Block was developed from the 1863 pattern .50 calibre split breech carbine issued to the US Cavalry during the American Civil War. This earlier weapon was designed by Joseph Rider and Leonard Geiger to fire the same cartridges as the Spencer carbine.^[10] The split breech rifle lacked a hammer spur because it self-cocked when the breechblock was opened.^[11] In 1865, Rider improved the split breech design to create the rolling-block action which was named the "Remington System".^[12]

The medium-strength action developed some headspace issues with new smokeless powders coming into use by the late 1890s. A heavier-style action was produced for later smokeless cartridges, although there were still issues with some ammunition.^{[citation needed]}

Military use

Sweden and Norway

In 1867, the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway was the first military to adopt the rifle as the standard military rifle. Around 250,000 military rifles and carbines and 85,000 civilian rifles in Sweden, were produced under license by Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori and Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Aktiebolag, and about 53,000 rifles in Norway by Kongsberg Vaapenfabrik.

In 12.17×42mmRF and 12.18×44mmRF (two cartridges that were interchangeable), and towards the end of its service life also 8×58mmR Danish Krag centerfire, the rolling-block served as the standard service rifle of the Swedish Army from 1867 to the mid-1890s, when it was replaced by the Swedish Mauser. In Norway it was the standard service rifle from 1867 to the mid-1880s, when it was replaced by the M1884 Jarmann. In .43 Spanish it was the chief service arm of the Spanish Army from 1869–1893, and was used by reserve and militia forces for many years thereafter. Many rolling-block rifles were used by Argentina before being replaced in 1891 by the new 7.65mm Mauser, and were also widely used by Egypt and Mexico.

Dänemark

Like Sweden and Norway, Denmark adopted the rifle in 1867 in 11×41,5mmRF (11 mm caliber).^[13] Initially the Royal Danish Army bought 40,000 rifles and 1800 carbines in the United States between 1867–1868. Later 31,551 rifles and about 4,600 carbines were made at the government owned rifle factory in Copenhagen. Production was halted in 1888 and the last rifles were decommissioned in 1940.^[14] In Danish service it was replaced by the M/1889 Krag–Jørgensen.

Great Britain and France

The British Empire purchased rolling-blocks to arm the Egyptian Army during the 1870s. These were made in Liège, Belgium, in .43 Egyptian calibre and were issued with a sword bayonet. Rolling-block rifles were used against Muhammad Ahmad's Ansar Dervishes during the Mahdist War, including at the Siege of Khartoum where General Gordon met his end.^[15] Guns with decorative brass Islamic crescents and Arabic inscriptions on the buttstock are not uncommon on the collector's market.^[16]^[17]

The French acquired 210,000 Egyptian rolling-block rifles to make up for a shortage of the standard-issue Chassepot and Tabatière rifles during the Franco-Prussian War.^[18]

During World War I, the British Royal Navy purchased 4,500 rolling-block rifles in 7mm Mauser from Remington's leftover stock after production had ended, issuing them to the crews of minesweepers and Q-ships.^[19] In November 1914, production of the rolling-block was resumed, in the form of a French contract for rifles in 8×50mmR Lebel, designated by France as "Fusil Remington modèle 1914". 100,291 such rifles were delivered by 1916, and used to equip rear-line troops.^[20]

Civilian use

Along with the Sharps rifle, the Rolling Block was one of two rifles probably used more than any other by the buffalo hunters who hunted the American bison herds in the 1870s and 1880s.

The Rolling Block was also one of two makers rifles used by the American team to win the International Long Range matches held at Creedmoor Rifle Range on Long Island, New York, in 1874. Team members shot against the Irish team with half the shooters using Rolling Block Creedmoor models, and the other half using Sharps Model 1874 Long Range rifles.

Civilian Remington Rolling Block rifles, and later surplus military rifles, became very popular among hunters in Scandinavia, particularly for moose hunting, with ammunition for the rifles being commonly available on the civilian market into the 1920s–1930s.

Military users

Argentinien^[18]
Austria-Hungary^[18]
Belgien
Bolivien^[21]
Brasilien^[18]
Kanada
Chile^[18]
China^[18]
Kolumbien^[18]
Costa Rica^[22]
Cuba^[18]
Dänemark^[18] (1867–1940)
Dominikanische Republik^[18]
Khedivate of Egypt^[18]
El Salvador^[18]
Äthiopien^[23]
Frankreich^[18]
Kingdom of Greece^[18]
Guatemala^[24]
Haiti
Honduras^[18]
Kingdom of Italy^[18]
Jamaika
Japan^[18]
Korea^[25]
Madagaskar^[26]
Mexiko^[18]
Monaco: Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince^[27]
Marokko
Niederlande^[18]
Nicaragua
Norwegen^[18]
Panama
Papal States^[18]
Paraguay
Persia^[18]
Peru^[18]
Puerto Rico^[18]
First Philippine Republic : Katipunan^[18]
Spanien^[18]
Mahdist Sudan: Captured from Egyptian forces^[28]
Schweden^[18]
Vereinigtes Königreich^[18]
Vereinigte Staaten^[18]
Uruguay^[18]
Trinidad und Tobago
Venezuela
Jemen

References

^ Esposito, Gabriele, The Paraguayan War 1864–70: Osprey Publishing (2019)
^ "The military rifle cartridges of the Dominican Republic: from .50-70 to 5.56mm".
^ "O EXÉRCITO REPUBLICANO" (PDF).
^ ^a ^b Jowett, Phillip, Latin American Wars 1900-1941: Osprey Publishing (2018)
^ "BATALLA DE MASOLLER - ARMAS". YouTube.
^ Hernandez, Edwin "ARMAS DE FUEGO USADAS EN LAS LUCHAS CIVILES Y POR LOS CUERPOS ARMADOS DOMINICANOS (SIGLOS XIX Y XX)"
^ "From Picturesque Landscapes to Views of War, Honduras through Postcards".
^ Pankhurst, Richard "Linguistic and Cultural Data on the Penetration of Fire-Arms into Ethiopia"
^ "Military rifle cartridges of Peru part I: South America's most pugnacious country?". www.thefreelibrary.com.
^ Remington goes to war
^ NRA guns
^ Sawyer, Charles Winthrop (1920). Firearms in American History: Our Rifles. p. 260.
^ "Cartridge: Danish Remington". Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ "Bagladeriffel af model 1867 (Remington)". Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ Egyptian Remington
^ Collectors weekly
^ Old Ammo
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Mercaldo, Luke; Firestone, Adam; Vanderlinden, Anthony (2011). Allied Rifle Contracts in America. Wet Dog Publications. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-9707997-7-7.
^ Mercaldo, Luke; Firestone, Adam; Vanderlinden, Anthony (2011). Allied Rifle Contracts in America. Wet Dog Publications. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-9707997-7-7.
^ Mercaldo, Luke; Firestone, Adam; Vanderlinden, Anthony (2011). Allied Rifle Contracts in America. Wet Dog Publications. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-9707997-7-7.
^ Marcot, Roy (2005). The History of Remington Firearms: The History of One of the World's Most Famous Gun Makers. Lyons Press. p. 54. ISBN 1592286909.
^ "The military rifle cartridges of Costa Rica: arms of Latin America's most "peaceful" country".^{[permanent dead link]}
^ McLachlan, Sean (2011). Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896: The Italian Disaster in Ethiopia. Osprey Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-1849084574.
^ "Guatemala - Coat of Arms". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ "구한 말 사용한 총기 관련한 문의가 있어서 적는 글".
^ "The Malagasy Pith Helmet of the Merina Kingdom | Military Sun Helmets".
^ Giletta, Jacques (2005). Les Gardes Personnelles des Princes de Monaco (1st ed.). Taurus Editions. ISBN 2 912976-04-9.
^ Rossi, Major Robert N. (3 June 1994). The Mahdist Revolution (PDF) (Report). Fort Leavenworth, KS: Defense Technical Information Center. p. 61. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

External links

The Remington Rolling Block Rifle (video demonstration of use)
Arming God's Battalions: a Papal States Rolling Block via YouTube

[1] Esposito, Gabriele, The Paraguayan War 1864–70: Osprey Publishing (2019)

[2] "The military rifle cartridges of the Dominican Republic: from .50-70 to 5.56mm".

[3] "O EXÉRCITO REPUBLICANO" (PDF).

[Jowett-4] Jowett, Phillip, Latin American Wars 1900-1941: Osprey Publishing (2018)

[5] "BATALLA DE MASOLLER - ARMAS". YouTube.

[6] Hernandez, Edwin "ARMAS DE FUEGO USADAS EN LAS LUCHAS CIVILES Y POR LOS CUERPOS ARMADOS DOMINICANOS (SIGLOS XIX Y XX)"

[7] "From Picturesque Landscapes to Views of War, Honduras through Postcards".

[8] Pankhurst, Richard "Linguistic and Cultural Data on the Penetration of Fire-Arms into Ethiopia"

[9] "Military rifle cartridges of Peru part I: South America's most pugnacious country?". www.thefreelibrary.com.

[10] Remington goes to war

[11] NRA guns

[12] Sawyer, Charles Winthrop (1920). Firearms in American History: Our Rifles. p. 260.

[13] "Cartridge: Danish Remington". Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

[14] "Bagladeriffel af model 1867 (Remington)". Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

[15] Egyptian Remington

[16] Collectors weekly

[17] Old Ammo

[arc1-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Mercaldo, Luke; Firestone, Adam; Vanderlinden, Anthony (2011). Allied Rifle Contracts in America. Wet Dog Publications. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-9707997-7-7.

[arc2-19] Mercaldo, Luke; Firestone, Adam; Vanderlinden, Anthony (2011). Allied Rifle Contracts in America. Wet Dog Publications. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-9707997-7-7.

[arc3-20] Mercaldo, Luke; Firestone, Adam; Vanderlinden, Anthony (2011). Allied Rifle Contracts in America. Wet Dog Publications. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-9707997-7-7.

[21] Marcot, Roy (2005). The History of Remington Firearms: The History of One of the World's Most Famous Gun Makers. Lyons Press. p. 54. ISBN 1592286909.

[22] "The military rifle cartridges of Costa Rica: arms of Latin America's most "peaceful" country".^{[permanent dead link]}

[arc4-23] McLachlan, Sean (2011). Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896: The Italian Disaster in Ethiopia. Osprey Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-1849084574.

[24] "Guatemala - Coat of Arms". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 2021-06-29.

[25] "구한 말 사용한 총기 관련한 문의가 있어서 적는 글".

[26] "The Malagasy Pith Helmet of the Merina Kingdom | Military Sun Helmets".

[27] Giletta, Jacques (2005). Les Gardes Personnelles des Princes de Monaco (1st ed.). Taurus Editions. ISBN 2 912976-04-9.

[28] Rossi, Major Robert N. (3 June 1994). The Mahdist Revolution (PDF) (Report). Fort Leavenworth, KS: Defense Technical Information Center. p. 61. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

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@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 | service            = 1867–1918 {{Citation needed|date=January 2014}}
 | used_by            =
-| wars               = [[American Indian Wars]], [[Wars of Italian unification]], [[Franco-Prussian War]], [[Ten Years' War]], [[Third Carlist War]], [[Cantonal rebellion]], [[Conquest of the Desert]], [[Ethiopian–Egyptian War]], [[Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)]], [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War]], [[Little War (Cuba)|Little War]], [[Mahdist War]], [[Mapuche uprising of 1881]], [[Anglo-Egyptian War]], [[South African Wars (1879–1915)]], [[War of the Pacific]], [[Revolution of the Park]], [[Chilean Civil War of 1891]], [[First Melillan campaign]], [[Cuban War of Independence]], [[Intentona de Yauco]], [[Philippine Revolution]], [[Greco-Turkish War (1897)]], [[Spanish–American War]], [[Philippine–American War]], [[Totoposte Wars]]<ref>Jowett, Phillip, Latin American Wars 1900-1941: Osprey Publishing (2018)</ref>, [[Mexican Revolution]], [[Italo-Turkish War]], World War I, [[Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition]], [[Coto War]]<ref>Jowett, Phillip, Latin American Wars 1900-1941: Osprey Publishing (2018)</ref>
+|wars={{collapsible list|title=List of wars|[[American Indian Wars]]|[[Wars of Italian unification]]|[[War of the Triple Alliance]] (limited)<ref>Esposito, Gabriele, The Paraguayan War 1864–70: Osprey Publishing (2019)</ref>|[[Six Years' War]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+military+rifle+cartridges+of+the+Dominican+Republic:+from+.50-70...-a0267204205 | title=The military rifle cartridges of the Dominican Republic: from .50-70 to 5.56mm.}}</ref>|[[Franco-Prussian War]]|[[Ten Years' War]]|[[Third Carlist War]]|[[Cantonal rebellion]]|[[Conquest of the Desert]]|[[Ethiopian–Egyptian War]]|[[Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)]]|[[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War]]|[[Little War (Cuba)|Little War]]|[[Mahdist War]]|[[Mapuche uprising of 1881]]|[[Anglo-Egyptian War]]|[[South African Wars (1879–1915)]]|[[War of the Pacific]]|[[Revolution of the Park]]|[[Chilean Civil War of 1891]]| [[Federalist Revolution]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=O EXÉRCITO REPUBLICANO |url=https://www.acadhistoria.com.br/livros/ExRepublicano.pdf}}</ref>|[[First Melillan campaign]]|[[Cuban War of Independence]]|[[Revolution of 1897|Uruguayan Revolution of 1897]]|[[Intentona de Yauco]]|[[Philippine Revolution]]|[[Greco-Turkish War (1897)]]|[[Spanish–American War]]|[[Philippine–American War]]|[[Totoposte Wars]]<ref name="Jowett">Jowett, Phillip, Latin American Wars 1900-1941: Osprey Publishing (2018)</ref>|[[Revolution of 1904]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64bUuplvWDU | title=BATALLA DE MASOLLER - ARMAS| website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>|[[Mexican Revolution]]|[[Italo-Turkish War]]|[[Dominican Civil War (1911–1912)|First Dominican Civil War]]|[[Dominican Civil War (1914)|Second Dominican Civil War]]|[[World War I]]|[[Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition]]|[[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)]]<ref>Hernandez, Edwin "ARMAS DE FUEGO USADAS EN LAS LUCHAS CIVILES Y POR LOS CUERPOS ARMADOS DOMINICANOS (SIGLOS XIX Y XX)"</ref>|[[Coto War]]<ref name="Jowett"></ref>| [[Second Honduran Civil War]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://latinarepublic.com/2020/12/09/from-picturesque-landscapes-to-views-of-war-honduras-through-postcards/|title=From Picturesque Landscapes to Views of War, Honduras through Postcards}}</ref>|[[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]]<ref>Pankhurst, Richard "Linguistic and Cultural Data on the Penetration of Fire-Arms into Ethiopia"</ref>}}
 <!-- Production history -->| designer           = Joseph Rider
 | design_date        = 1864
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 | diameter           =
 | crew               = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
-| cartridge          = .58 Berdan<br>[[.50-70 Government|.50-70]]<br>.50-45 Carbine<br>12.7×45mmR Pontificio<br>[[12.17×42mm RF]]<br>12.17×44mmR<br>[[.45-70]]<br>[[.43 Spanish]]<br>[[.43 Egyptian]]<br>[[10.15×61mmR]]<br>[[8×58mmR Danish Krag]]<br>[[8×50mmR Lebel]]<br>[[11×59mmR Gras]]<br>[[.303 British]]<br>[[7.65×53mm Argentine]]<br>[[.30-40 Krag]]<br>[[.30-06 Springfield]]<br>[[7.62×54mmR]]<br>[[.30 Remington]]<br>[[7×57mm Mauser]]<br>6.5mm Daudeteau No. 12<br>.236 Remington<br> 11 mm Danish
+| cartridge          = .58 Berdan<br>[[.50-70 Government|.50-70]]<br>.50-45 Carbine<br>12.7×45mmR Pontificio<br>[[12.17×42mm RF]]<br>12.17×44mmR<br>[[.45-70]]<br>[[.43 Spanish]]<br>[[.43 Egyptian]]<br>[[10.15×61mmR]]<br>[[8×58mmR Danish Krag]]<br>[[8×50mmR Lebel]]<br>[[11×59mmR Gras]]<br>[[.303 British]]<br>[[7.65×53mm Argentine]]<br>[[.30-40 Krag]]<br>[[.30-06 Springfield]]<br>[[7.62×54mmR]]<br>[[.30 Remington]]<br>[[7×57mm Mauser]]<br>6.5mm Daudeteau No. 12<br>.236 Remington<br> 11 mm Danish<br>56-50 Spencer <ref>{{Cite web |title=Military rifle cartridges of Peru part I: South America's most pugnacious country?|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Military+rifle+cartridges+of+Peru+part+I%3A+South+America%27s+most...-a0397831320|website=www.thefreelibrary.com}}</ref>
 Various Target/Sporting/Hunting Calibers
 | cartridge_weight   =
@@ Line 44: / Line 45: @@
 | sights             = Rear ramp & leaf sight, blade front sight
 }}
-'''Remington Rolling Block''' is a family of breech-loading rifles that was produced from the mid-1860s into the early 20th century by [[E. Remington and Sons]] (later [[Remington Arms]]). The action was extremely strong, and could easily withstand the increased pressure of the new [[smokeless powder]]s coming into use by the late 1880s.
+'''Remington Rolling Block''' is a family of breech-loading rifles that was produced from the mid-1860s into the early 20th century by [[E. Remington and Sons]] (later [[Remington Arms]]).
-These rifles were made in a variety of calibers, both rimfire and centerfire, including the 12.17x42 mm rimfire, 12.17x44 mm rimfire and 12.17x44 mm rimmed centerfire Swedish and Norwegian cartridges, [[.43 Spanish]] (11.15x58mmR), [[.50-70 Government|.50-70]], .40-70, [[.45-70]] and later in [[.22 caliber]].  Later models were produced in [[.30-06 Springfield]], [[7×57mm Mauser]], and [[8×50mmR Lebel]].
+These rifles were made in a variety of calibers, both rimfire and centerfire, including the 12.17x42 mm rimfire, 12.17x44 mm rimfire and 12.17x44 mm rimmed centerfire Swedish and Norwegian cartridges, [[.43 Spanish]] (11.15x58mmR), [[.50-70 Government|.50-70]], .40-70, [[.45-70]] and later in [[.22 caliber]].  Later models were produced in [[.30-03]] (Predecessor to .30-06), [[7×57mm Mauser]], and [[8×50mmR Lebel]].
-==Service rifle==
-{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2021}}
-The Remington Rolling Block was developed from the 1863 pattern [[.50 calibre]] split breech carbine issued to the [[US Cavalry]] during the [[American Civil War]]. This earlier weapon was designed by Joseph Rider and Leonard Geiger to fire the same cartridges as the [[Spencer carbine]].<ref>[https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/5/16/remington-goes-to-war/ Remington goes to war]</ref> The split breech rifle lacked a hammer spur because it [[double action|self-cocked]] when the breechblock was opened.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XqREDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA126 NRA guns]</ref> In 1865, Rider improved the split breech design to create the rolling-block action which was named the "Remington System".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sawyer|first=Charles Winthrop|title=Firearms in American History: Our Rifles|year=1920|pages=260}}</ref> The rolling-block later saw service with [[George Armstrong Custer]]'s [[7th Cavalry Regiment|Seventh Cavalry]] at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]], and also in the hands of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Indian brave|braves]] during the [[Indian Wars]].<ref>[https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-little-bighorn-were-the-weapons-the-deciding-factor.htm Weapons of Little Bighorn]</ref><ref>[https://truewestmagazine.com/weapons-of-the-indian-wars/ Indian weapons]</ref>
+==Development==
 [[File:Remington Rolling Block.jpg|thumb|left|Rolling-block breech]]
+The Remington Rolling Block was developed from the 1863 pattern [[.50 calibre]] split breech carbine issued to the [[US Cavalry]] during the [[American Civil War]]. This earlier weapon was designed by Joseph Rider and Leonard Geiger to fire the same cartridges as the [[Spencer carbine]].<ref>[https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/5/16/remington-goes-to-war/ Remington goes to war]</ref> The split breech rifle lacked a hammer spur because it [[double action|self-cocked]] when the breechblock was opened.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XqREDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA126 NRA guns]</ref> In 1865, Rider improved the split breech design to create the [[rolling-block]] action which was named the "Remington System".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sawyer|first=Charles Winthrop|title=Firearms in American History: Our Rifles|year=1920|pages=260}}</ref>
-In 1867, the [[United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway]] was the first military to adopt the rifle as the standard military rifle. Around 250,000 military rifles and carbines and 85,000 civilian rifles in Sweden, were produced under license by [[Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori]] and [[Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Aktiebolag]], and about 53,000 rifles in Norway by [[Kongsberg Gruppen|Kongsberg Vaapenfabrik]].
+The medium-strength [[Action (firearms)|action]] developed some [[Headspace (firearms)|headspace]] issues with new [[smokeless powder]]s coming into use by the late 1890s. A heavier-style action was produced for later smokeless cartridges, although there were still issues with some ammunition.{{cn|date=March 2024}}
+==Military use==
+{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2021}}
+===Sweden and Norway===
+In 1867, the [[United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway]] was the first military to adopt the rifle as the standard military rifle. Around 250,000 military rifles and carbines and 85,000 civilian rifles in Sweden, were produced under license by [[Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori]] and [[Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Aktiebolag]], and about 53,000 rifles in Norway by [[Kongsberg Gruppen|Kongsberg Vaapenfabrik]].
+{{main|Remington M1867}}
 In 12.17×42mmRF and 12.18×44mmRF (two cartridges that were interchangeable), and towards the end of its service life also 8×58mmR Danish Krag centerfire, the rolling-block served as the standard service rifle of the Swedish Army from 1867 to the mid-1890s, when it was replaced by the [[Swedish Mauser]]. In Norway it was the standard service rifle from 1867 to the mid-1880s, when it was replaced by the [[Jarmann M1884|M1884 Jarmann]]. In .43 Spanish it was the chief [[Service rifle|service arm]] of the Spanish Army from 1869–1893, and was used by reserve and militia forces for many years thereafter.  Many rolling-block rifles were used by Argentina before being replaced in 1891 by the new 7.65mm Mauser, and were also widely used by Egypt and Mexico.
+===Denmark===
-Like Sweden and Norway, Denmark adopted the rifle in 1867 in 11×41,5mmRF ([[11 mm caliber]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartridge: Danish Remington |url=http://www.arma-dania.dk/public/timeline/_ad_patroner_view.php?editid1=6 |website=Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> Initially the [[Royal Danish Army]] bought 40,000 rifles and 1800 [[carbines]] in the United States between 1867–1868. Later 31,551 rifles and about 4,600 carbines were made at the government owned rifle factory in Copenhagen. Production was halted in 1888 and the last rifles were decommissioned in 1940.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bagladeriffel af model 1867 (Remington) |url=http://www.arma-dania.dk/public/timeline/_ad_gevar_view.php?editid1=84 |website=Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Amour |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> In Danish service it was replaced by the M/1889 [[Krag–Jørgensen]].
+Like Sweden and Norway, Denmark adopted the rifle in 1867 in 11×41,5mmRF ([[11 mm caliber]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartridge: Danish Remington |url=http://www.arma-dania.dk/public/timeline/_ad_patroner_view.php?editid1=6 |website=Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022529/http://www.arma-dania.dk/public/timeline/_ad_patroner_view.php?editid1=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially the [[Royal Danish Army]] bought 40,000 rifles and 1800 [[carbines]] in the United States between 1867–1868. Later 31,551 rifles and about 4,600 carbines were made at the government owned rifle factory in Copenhagen. Production was halted in 1888 and the last rifles were decommissioned in 1940.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bagladeriffel af model 1867 (Remington) |url=http://www.arma-dania.dk/public/timeline/_ad_gevar_view.php?editid1=84 |website=Arma Dania: The Virtual Museum of Danish Arms and Armour |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022508/http://www.arma-dania.dk/public/timeline/_ad_gevar_view.php?editid1=84 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Danish service it was replaced by the M/1889 [[Krag–Jørgensen]].
-== Use by the British and French ==
+===Great Britain and France===
-The [[British Empire]] purchased rolling-blocks to arm the Egyptian Army during the 1870s. These were made in [[Liège]], Belgium, in [[.43 Egyptian]] calibre and were issued with a [[sword bayonet]]. Rolling-block rifles were used against [[Muhammad Ahmad]]'s [[Ansar (Sudan)|Ansar]] [[Dervish]]es during the [[Mahdist War]],  including at the [[Battle of Khartoum]] where [[Charles George Gordon|General Gordon]] met his end.<ref>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30027046 Egyptian Remington]</ref> Guns with decorative brass [[Islamic crescent]]s and Arabic inscriptions on the [[buttstock]] are not uncommon on the collector's market.<ref>[https://www.collectorsweekly.com/stories/112347-egyptian-remington-rolling-block Collectors weekly]</ref><ref>[https://www.oldammo.com/november08.htm Old Ammo]</ref>
+The [[British Empire]] purchased rolling-blocks to arm the Egyptian Army during the 1870s. These were made in [[Liège]], Belgium, in [[.43 Egyptian]] calibre and were issued with a [[sword bayonet]]. Rolling-block rifles were used against [[Muhammad Ahmad]]'s [[Ansar (Sudan)|Ansar]] [[Dervish]]es during the [[Mahdist War]],  including at the [[Siege of Khartoum]] where [[Charles George Gordon|General Gordon]] met his end.<ref>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30027046 Egyptian Remington]</ref> Guns with decorative brass [[Islamic crescent]]s and Arabic inscriptions on the [[buttstock]] are not uncommon on the collector's market.<ref>[https://www.collectorsweekly.com/stories/112347-egyptian-remington-rolling-block Collectors weekly]</ref><ref>[https://www.oldammo.com/november08.htm Old Ammo]</ref>
 The French acquired 210,000 Egyptian rolling-block rifles to make up for a shortage of the standard-issue [[Chassepot]] and [[Tabatière rifle]]s during the [[Franco-Prussian War]].<ref name="arc1">{{cite book |last1=Mercaldo |first1=Luke |last2=Firestone |first2=Adam |last3=Vanderlinden |first3=Anthony |title=Allied Rifle Contracts in America |year=2011 |publisher=Wet Dog Publications |isbn=978-0-9707997-7-7 |page=165}}</ref>
@@ Line 68: / Line 76: @@
 ==Civilian use==
+{{unsourced|section|date=March 2024}}
-Along with the [[Sharps rifle]] it was one of two rifles probably used more than any other by the [[American bison|buffalo]] hunters who hunted the American bison herds in the 1870s and 1880s.{{Cn|date=September 2021}}
+Along with the [[Sharps rifle]], the Rolling Block was one of two rifles probably used more than any other by the [[buffalo hunter]]s who hunted the American bison herds in the 1870s and 1880s.
+The Rolling Block was also one of two makers rifles used by the American team to win the International Long Range matches held at [[Creedmoor Rifle Range]] on [[Long Island, New York]], in 1874. Team members shot against the Irish team with half the shooters using Rolling Block Creedmoor models, and the other half using Sharps Model 1874 Long Range rifles.
-Civilian Remington Rolling Block rifles, and later surplus military rifles, became very popular among hunters in Scandinavia, particularly for [[moose]] hunting, with ammunition for the rifles being commonly available on the civilian market into the 1920s–1930s.{{Cn|date=September 2021}}
+Civilian Remington Rolling Block rifles, and later surplus military rifles, became very popular among hunters in Scandinavia, particularly for [[moose]] hunting, with ammunition for the rifles being commonly available on the civilian market into the 1920s–1930s.
 ==Military users==
@@ Line 83: / Line 94: @@
 *{{flagcountry|Qing Dynasty|China}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Colombia}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+military+rifle+cartridges+of+Costa+Rica%3A+arms+of+Latin+America%27s...-a02644830426 |title=The military rifle cartridges of Costa Rica: arms of Latin America's most "peaceful" country.}}</ref>
+*{{flagcountry|Costa Rica|1848}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+military+rifle+cartridges+of+Costa+Rica%3A+arms+of+Latin+America%27s...-a02644830426 | title=The military rifle cartridges of Costa Rica: arms of Latin America's most "peaceful" country. }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-*{{flagcountry|Cuba}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagcountry|Cuba|1902}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Denmark}}<ref name="arc1"/> (1867-1940)
+*{{flagcountry|Denmark}}<ref name="arc1"/> (1867–1940)
 *{{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagicon|Egypt|1882}} [[Khedivate of Egypt]]<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagdeco|Egypt|1882}} [[Khedivate of Egypt]]<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|El Salvador}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagcountry|El Salvador|1875}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Ethiopian Empire}}<ref name="arc4">{{cite book |last1=McLachlan |first1=Sean |title=Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896: The Italian Disaster in Ethiopia |year=2011 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1849084574 |page=35}}</ref>
 *{{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flag|Kingdom of Greece}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Guatemala}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guatemala - Coat of Arms|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gt).html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.crwflags.com}}</ref>
-*{{flagcountry|Haiti}}
+*{{flagcountry|Haiti|1859}}
-*{{flagcountry|Honduras}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagcountry|Honduras|1898}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Jamaica}}
+*{{flagcountry|Jamaica|1875}}
-*{{flag|Japan}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flag|Japan|1870}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Korean Empire}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=kkumi17cs1013&logNo=221530585786&referrerCode=0&searchKeyword=%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%8D%ED%84%B4|title=구한 말 사용한 총기 관련한 문의가 있어서 적는 글}}</ref>
-*[[File:Merina_Kingdom_flag.svg|22px]] [[Merina Kingdom|Madagascar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2016/the-malagasy-pith-helmet-of-the-merina-kingdom|title = The Malagasy Pith Helmet of the Merina Kingdom &#124; Military Sun Helmets}}</ref>
+*{{flagicon image|Merina_Kingdom_flag.svg}} [[Merina Kingdom|Madagascar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2016/the-malagasy-pith-helmet-of-the-merina-kingdom|title = The Malagasy Pith Helmet of the Merina Kingdom &#124; Military Sun Helmets}}</ref>
-*{{flagcountry|Mexico|1867}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagcountry|Mexico|1893}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Monaco}}: ''[[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]]''<ref>{{cite book |last=Giletta|first=Jacques|title=Les Gardes Personnelles des Princes de Monaco |year=2005 |edition=1st |publisher=Taurus Editions|isbn=2 912976-04-9}}</ref>
-*{{flagcountry|Morocco}}
+*{{flagcountry|Morocco|1666}}
 *{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}
+*{{flagcountry|Nicaragua|1896}}
 *{{flagcountry|Norway|1844}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Panama}}
 *{{flagcountry|Papal States}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Paraguay}}
+*{{flagcountry|Paraguay|1842}}
-*[[File:Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg|22px]] [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Peru}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagcountry|Peru|1884}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Puerto Rico}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flag|First Philippine Republic}} : ''[[Katipunan]]''<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flag|Spain|1820}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flag|Spain|1874}}<ref name="arc1"/>
+*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg}} [[Mahdist Sudan]]: Captured from Egyptian forces<ref>{{cite report |last1=Rossi |first1=Major Robert N. |title=The Mahdist Revolution |date=3 June 1994 |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |location=Fort Leavenworth, KS |page=61 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA284465.pdf |access-date=30 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 *{{flagcountry|Sweden|1844}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|United States|1867}}<ref name="arc1"/>
 *{{flagcountry|Uruguay}}<ref name="arc1"/>
-*{{flagcountry|Trinidad}}
+*{{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago|colonial}}
-*{{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
+*{{flagcountry|Venezuela|1905}}
-*{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
+*{{flagcountry|Yemen|1927}}
 {{Div col end}}
 ==See also==
+*[[Springfield model 1870 Remington—Navy|Springfield model 1870]], as used by the United States Navy, produced by [[Springfield Armory]] under license
-*[[Rolling block|Rolling-block]], the operating principle
+*[[Springfield model 1871]], as used by the United States Army, produced by Springfield Armory under license
-*[[Remington M1867|Remington Rolling Block M1867]], as used by the Swedish and Norwegian Armies.
-*[[Springfield model 1870 Remington—Navy|Springfield model 1870]], as used by the United States Navy, produced by [[Springfield Armory]] under license.
-*[[Springfield model 1871]], as used by the United States Army, produced by [[Springfield Armory]] under license.
 ==References==
@@ Line 134: / Line 144: @@
 ==External links==
 {{commonscat|Remington Rolling Block}}
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNv8hpxDDkU The Remington Rolling Block Rifle] (video demonstration of use)
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfRllPxy6Bg Arming God's Battalions: a Papal States Rolling Block] via [[YouTube]]
 {{Remington Cartridges Firearms}}