Trudeau cash-for-access scandal: Difference between revisions
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The '''Trudeau cash-for-access scandal''' is a [[political scandal]] arising from newspaper reports in 2016 that [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Justin Trudeau]] had been attending cash-for-access events at the homes of wealthy [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese-Canadians]] in [[Toronto]] and [[Vancouver]], generating a political scandal.<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Influential Chinese-Canadians paying to attend private fundraisers with Trudeau |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/influential-chinese-canadians-paying-to-attend-private-fundraisers-with-trudeau/article33131597/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2 December 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name="GuardianEthics">{{cite news |last1=Kassam |first1=Ashifa |title=Trudeau to be questioned by ethics watchdog over reports of cash for access |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/15/justin-trudeau-to-be-questioned-political-fundraisers-ethics |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau government faces 'cash-for-access' criticism |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733 |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=BBC News |date=23 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Justin Trudeau says he uses cash-for-access fundraisers to champion the middle class |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-says-he-uses-cash-for-access-fundraisers-to-champion-the-middle-class/article33318061/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=13 December 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref> Attendees at these events, including attendees with connections to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP), would pay up to $1,525 per ticket to meet Trudeau. In response, the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] indicated that all party fundraising complied with [[Elections Canada]] rules and regulations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |title=Trudeau defends fundraiser with Chinese businessman who later donated $200,000 to father's foundation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chinese-fundraiser-trudeau-statue-1.3863266 |website=www.cbc.ca |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123051124/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chinese-fundraiser-trudeau-statue-1.3863266 |archive-date=2016-11-23 |language=en-CA |date=Nov 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
The '''Trudeau cash-for-access scandal''' is a [[political scandal]] arising from newspaper reports in 2016 that [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Justin Trudeau]] had been attending cash-for-access events at the homes of wealthy [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese-Canadians]] in [[Toronto]] and [[Vancouver]], generating a political scandal.<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Influential Chinese-Canadians paying to attend private fundraisers with Trudeau |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/influential-chinese-canadians-paying-to-attend-private-fundraisers-with-trudeau/article33131597/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2 December 2016 |language=en-CA |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323043924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/influential-chinese-canadians-paying-to-attend-private-fundraisers-with-trudeau/article33131597/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GuardianEthics">{{cite news |last1=Kassam |first1=Ashifa |title=Trudeau to be questioned by ethics watchdog over reports of cash for access |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/15/justin-trudeau-to-be-questioned-political-fundraisers-ethics |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=15 December 2016 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323045734/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/15/justin-trudeau-to-be-questioned-political-fundraisers-ethics |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau government faces 'cash-for-access' criticism |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733 |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=BBC News |date=23 November 2016 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323054112/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Justin Trudeau says he uses cash-for-access fundraisers to champion the middle class |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-says-he-uses-cash-for-access-fundraisers-to-champion-the-middle-class/article33318061/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=13 December 2016 |language=en-CA |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323054133/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-says-he-uses-cash-for-access-fundraisers-to-champion-the-middle-class/article33318061/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Attendees at these events, including attendees with connections to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP), would pay up to $1,525 per ticket to meet Trudeau. In response, the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] indicated that all party fundraising complied with [[Elections Canada]] rules and regulations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |title=Trudeau defends fundraiser with Chinese businessman who later donated $200,000 to father's foundation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chinese-fundraiser-trudeau-statue-1.3863266 |website=www.cbc.ca |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123051124/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chinese-fundraiser-trudeau-statue-1.3863266 |archive-date=2016-11-23 |language=en-CA |date=Nov 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Although such cash-for-access events were reported as appearing to violate Trudeau's "Open and Accountable Government" rules about lobbying and fundraising,<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess2">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Trudeau defends fundraiser as effort to attract Chinese investment |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-fundraiser-as-effort-to-attract-chinese-investment/article32996950/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=22 November 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Ethics Commissioner]] [[Mary Dawson (civil servant)|Mary Dawson]] interviewed Trudeau and determined that no rules were broken, without releasing a report.<ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation">{{cite news |title=PM no longer under investigation for cash-for-access fundraisers, but ethics commissioner won't say why |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=National Post |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name="GuardianEthics"/> Dawson's office defended the lack of a report by stating that Dawson had not opened a formal investigation, which would have legally required the commissioner to issue a public report under the ''[[Conflict of Interest Act]]''.<ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation"/><ref name="GlobeEthicsNoInvestigation">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Ethics Commissioner to question Trudeau on cash-for-access fundraisers |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-to-question-trudeau-on-cash-for-access-fundraisers/article33329767/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=15 December 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wherry |first1=Aaron |title=Ethics commissioner cleared Trudeau's fundraising in February |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-liberals-fundraising-1.4089202 |website=www.cbc.ca |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428011155/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-liberals-fundraising-1.4089202 |archive-date=2017-04-28 |language=en-CA |date=Apr 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
Although such cash-for-access events were reported as appearing to violate Trudeau's "Open and Accountable Government" rules about lobbying and fundraising,<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess2">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Trudeau defends fundraiser as effort to attract Chinese investment |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-fundraiser-as-effort-to-attract-chinese-investment/article32996950/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=22 November 2016 |language=en-CA |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323043927/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-fundraiser-as-effort-to-attract-chinese-investment/article32996950/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ethics Commissioner]] [[Mary Dawson (civil servant)|Mary Dawson]] interviewed Trudeau and determined that no rules were broken, without releasing a report.<ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation">{{cite news |title=PM no longer under investigation for cash-for-access fundraisers, but ethics commissioner won't say why |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=National Post |language=en-CA |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211808/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GuardianEthics"/> Dawson's office defended the lack of a report by stating that Dawson had not opened a formal investigation, which would have legally required the commissioner to issue a public report under the ''[[Conflict of Interest Act]]''.<ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation"/><ref name="GlobeEthicsNoInvestigation">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Ethics Commissioner to question Trudeau on cash-for-access fundraisers |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-to-question-trudeau-on-cash-for-access-fundraisers/article33329767/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=15 December 2016 |language=en-CA |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323050851/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-to-question-trudeau-on-cash-for-access-fundraisers/article33329767/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wherry |first1=Aaron |title=Ethics commissioner cleared Trudeau's fundraising in February |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-liberals-fundraising-1.4089202 |website=www.cbc.ca |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428011155/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ethics-commissioner-liberals-fundraising-1.4089202 |archive-date=2017-04-28 |language=en-CA |date=Apr 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Known cash-for-access events == |
== Known cash-for-access events == |
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Before or around 2016, Trudeau attended several fundraisers at the Toronto home of an insurance mogul.<ref name="SaltwireLiao">{{cite news |last1=Blackwell |first1=Tom |title=Daughter of high-profile Toronto businesswoman and political fundraiser charged with murder {{!}} SaltWire |url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/federal-election/daughter-of-high-profile-toronto-businesswoman-and-political-fundraiser-charged-with-murder-561237/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=www.saltwire.com |language=en}}</ref> One of the fundraisers occurred on 14 April 2016. The insurance mogul is reported to associate with China's consul general to Toronto.<ref name="SaltwireLiao"/> |
Before or around 2016, Trudeau attended several fundraisers at the Toronto home of an insurance mogul.<ref name="SaltwireLiao">{{cite news |last1=Blackwell |first1=Tom |title=Daughter of high-profile Toronto businesswoman and political fundraiser charged with murder {{!}} SaltWire |url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/federal-election/daughter-of-high-profile-toronto-businesswoman-and-political-fundraiser-charged-with-murder-561237/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=www.saltwire.com |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208085301/https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/federal-election/daughter-of-high-profile-toronto-businesswoman-and-political-fundraiser-charged-with-murder-561237/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the fundraisers occurred on 14 April 2016. The insurance mogul is reported to associate with China's consul general to Toronto.<ref name="SaltwireLiao"/> |
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On 19 May 2016, Trudeau attended a fundraiser at the Toronto home of a chair of the [[Chinese Business Chamber of Commerce]], along with 32 other guests.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Trudeau attended cash-for-access fundraiser with Chinese billionaires |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-attended-cash-for-access-fundraiser-with-chinese-billionaires/article32971362/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=22 November 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref> This event was attended by Chinese billionaire and |
On 19 May 2016, Trudeau attended a fundraiser at the Toronto home of a chair of the [[Chinese Business Chamber of Commerce]], along with 32 other guests.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Trudeau attended cash-for-access fundraiser with Chinese billionaires |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-attended-cash-for-access-fundraiser-with-chinese-billionaires/article32971362/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=22 November 2016 |language=en-CA |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321193341/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-attended-cash-for-access-fundraiser-with-chinese-billionaires/article32971362/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This event was attended by Chinese billionaire and CCP official [[Zhang Bin (political strategist)|Zhang Bin]], who subsequently made a $200,000 donation to the [[Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation]] and a $50,000 donation to erect a statue of [[Pierre Trudeau]] in [[Montreal]], after his initial request of a statue of Pierre Trudeau with [[Mao Zedong]] was declined.<ref name="GlobeMaoStatue">{{cite news |last1=V |first1=Nathan |title=Chinese donors who funded Trudeau Foundation wanted statue of Mao in Montreal |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chinese-donors-who-funded-trudeau-foundation-wanted-statue-of-mao-in/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=28 February 2023 |language=en-CA |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301032723/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chinese-donors-who-funded-trudeau-foundation-wanted-statue-of-mao-in/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GlobeCashForAccess"/> In addition to Bin, two other event attendees have reported known close ties to Chinese state organizations.<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess2"/> The mogul's canola oil export business interests might have been harmed by China's planned restrictions on the import of Canadian canola seed. In September of the same year, Trudeau persuaded China's leaders to lift the restrictions.<ref name="GlobeEthicsNoInvestigation"/> |
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On 7 November 2016, Trudeau attended a "cash-for-access" fundraiser with over 80 guests at the West Vancouver mansion of a British Columbia real estate developer, who was also part of a 2012 campaign by the [[Canadian Alliance of Chinese Associations]] to rally overseas support for [[East China Sea EEZ disputes|Chinese territorial expansion in the East China Sea]]. At the event, the developer reportedly urged Trudeau to allow a Chinese investment in Canadian seniors’ care that was under review by the federal government.<ref name="GM_PanRetirementHomes">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Trudeau discussed Chinese investments at fundraiser, host says |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-discussed-chinese-investments-at-fundraiser-host-says/article33200126/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2 December 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation"/><ref name="GlobeEthicsNoInvestigation"/> Later that same month, Chinese insurance firm [[Anbang]] Insurance Group completed its purchase of a majority stake in Vancouver-based seniors’ care company Retirement Concepts for over $1 billion.<ref name="GM_PanRetirementHomes"/><ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation"/> [[Retirement Concepts]] was the largest provider of assisted living and residential care services in [[British Columbia]] at the time, receiving $86.5-million from the province in the 2016 fiscal year.<ref name="GM_PanRetirementHomes"/> Neither the Prime Minister's Office nor the Liberal Party website noted the event. Photos of the event appeared in Chinese news media.<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess"/> |
On 7 November 2016, Trudeau attended a "cash-for-access" fundraiser with over 80 guests at the West Vancouver mansion of a British Columbia real estate developer, who was also part of a 2012 campaign by the [[Canadian Alliance of Chinese Associations]] to rally overseas support for [[East China Sea EEZ disputes|Chinese territorial expansion in the East China Sea]]. At the event, the developer reportedly urged Trudeau to allow a Chinese investment in Canadian seniors’ care that was under review by the federal government.<ref name="GM_PanRetirementHomes">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |title=Trudeau discussed Chinese investments at fundraiser, host says |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-discussed-chinese-investments-at-fundraiser-host-says/article33200126/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2 December 2016 |language=en-CA |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323045747/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-discussed-chinese-investments-at-fundraiser-host-says/article33200126/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation"/><ref name="GlobeEthicsNoInvestigation"/> Later that same month, Chinese insurance firm [[Anbang]] Insurance Group completed its purchase of a majority stake in Vancouver-based seniors’ care company Retirement Concepts for over $1 billion.<ref name="GM_PanRetirementHomes"/><ref name="NP_NoEthicsInvestigation"/> [[Retirement Concepts]] was the largest provider of assisted living and residential care services in [[British Columbia]] at the time, receiving $86.5-million from the province in the 2016 fiscal year.<ref name="GM_PanRetirementHomes"/> Neither the Prime Minister's Office nor the Liberal Party website noted the event. Photos of the event appeared in Chinese news media.<ref name="GlobeCashForAccess"/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Chinese government interference in Canada]] |
* [[Chinese government interference in Canada]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 15:41, 23 April 2024
The Trudeau cash-for-access scandal is a political scandal arising from newspaper reports in 2016 that Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau had been attending cash-for-access events at the homes of wealthy Chinese-Canadians in Toronto and Vancouver, generating a political scandal.[1][2][3][4] Attendees at these events, including attendees with connections to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), would pay up to $1,525 per ticket to meet Trudeau. In response, the Liberal Party of Canada indicated that all party fundraising complied with Elections Canada rules and regulations.[5]
Although such cash-for-access events were reported as appearing to violate Trudeau's "Open and Accountable Government" rules about lobbying and fundraising,[6] Ethics Commissioner Mary Dawson interviewed Trudeau and determined that no rules were broken, without releasing a report.[7][2] Dawson's office defended the lack of a report by stating that Dawson had not opened a formal investigation, which would have legally required the commissioner to issue a public report under the Conflict of Interest Act.[7][8][9]
Known cash-for-access events
Before or around 2016, Trudeau attended several fundraisers at the Toronto home of an insurance mogul.[10] One of the fundraisers occurred on 14 April 2016. The insurance mogul is reported to associate with China's consul general to Toronto.[10]
On 19 May 2016, Trudeau attended a fundraiser at the Toronto home of a chair of the Chinese Business Chamber of Commerce, along with 32 other guests.[11] This event was attended by Chinese billionaire and CCP official Zhang Bin, who subsequently made a $200,000 donation to the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation and a $50,000 donation to erect a statue of Pierre Trudeau in Montreal, after his initial request of a statue of Pierre Trudeau with Mao Zedong was declined.[12][1] In addition to Bin, two other event attendees have reported known close ties to Chinese state organizations.[6] The mogul's canola oil export business interests might have been harmed by China's planned restrictions on the import of Canadian canola seed. In September of the same year, Trudeau persuaded China's leaders to lift the restrictions.[8]
On 7 November 2016, Trudeau attended a "cash-for-access" fundraiser with over 80 guests at the West Vancouver mansion of a British Columbia real estate developer, who was also part of a 2012 campaign by the Canadian Alliance of Chinese Associations to rally overseas support for Chinese territorial expansion in the East China Sea. At the event, the developer reportedly urged Trudeau to allow a Chinese investment in Canadian seniors’ care that was under review by the federal government.[13][7][8] Later that same month, Chinese insurance firm Anbang Insurance Group completed its purchase of a majority stake in Vancouver-based seniors’ care company Retirement Concepts for over $1 billion.[13][7] Retirement Concepts was the largest provider of assisted living and residential care services in British Columbia at the time, receiving $86.5-million from the province in the 2016 fiscal year.[13] Neither the Prime Minister's Office nor the Liberal Party website noted the event. Photos of the event appeared in Chinese news media.[1]
See also
- Chinese government interference in Canada
- Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections
References
- ^ a b c Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven (2 December 2016). "Influential Chinese-Canadians paying to attend private fundraisers with Trudeau". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b Kassam, Ashifa (15 December 2016). "Trudeau to be questioned by ethics watchdog over reports of cash for access". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "Trudeau government faces 'cash-for-access' criticism". BBC News. 23 November 2016. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven (13 December 2016). "Justin Trudeau says he uses cash-for-access fundraisers to champion the middle class". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Zimonjic, Peter (Nov 22, 2016). "Trudeau defends fundraiser with Chinese businessman who later donated $200,000 to father's foundation". www.cbc.ca. CBC News. Archived from the original on 2016-11-23. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ a b Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven (22 November 2016). "Trudeau defends fundraiser as effort to attract Chinese investment". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d "PM no longer under investigation for cash-for-access fundraisers, but ethics commissioner won't say why". National Post. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven (15 December 2016). "Ethics Commissioner to question Trudeau on cash-for-access fundraisers". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Wherry, Aaron (Apr 27, 2017). "Ethics commissioner cleared Trudeau's fundraising in February". www.cbc.ca. CBC News. Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ a b Blackwell, Tom. "Daughter of high-profile Toronto businesswoman and political fundraiser charged with murder | SaltWire". www.saltwire.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven (22 November 2016). "Trudeau attended cash-for-access fundraiser with Chinese billionaires". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ V, Nathan (28 February 2023). "Chinese donors who funded Trudeau Foundation wanted statue of Mao in Montreal". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven (2 December 2016). "Trudeau discussed Chinese investments at fundraiser, host says". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.