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{{Short description|Species of slipper lobster}}
{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Scyllarus arctus''
| image = Scyllarus arctus 2 by Line1.jpg
| image = Santiaguito (Scyllarus arctus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2021-09-09, DD 14.jpg
| image_width = 260px
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &nbsp;<ref>{{IUCN2010 |assessors=M. Butler, A. MacDiarmid, R. Wahle, A. Cockcroft & T. Y. Chan |year=2009 |version=3.1 |id=169949 |title=Scyllarus arctus |downloaded=August 25, 2011}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Butler, M. |author2=MacDiarmid, A. |author3=Wahle, R. |author4=Cockcroft, A. |author5=Chan, T.Y. |date=2011 |title=''Scyllarus arctus'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T169949A6690609 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169949A6690609.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| genus = Scyllarus
⚫
| species = arctus
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
⚫
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) <ref name="sealife">{{cite web |url=http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=26136 |title=''Scyllarus arctus'' – small European locust lobster |publisher=[[SeaLifeBase]] |date=November 7, 2008}}</ref>
| subphylum = [[Crustacean|Crustacea]]
| classis = [[Malacostraca]]
| ordo = [[Decapoda]]
| familia = [[Slipper lobster|Scyllaridae]]
| genus = ''[[Scyllarus]]''
⚫
| species = '''''S. arctus'''''
| binomial = ''Scyllarus arctus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])&nbsp;<ref name="sealife">{{cite web |url=http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=26136 |title=''Scyllarus arctus'' – small European locust lobster |publisher=[[SeaLifeBase]] |date=November 7, 2008}}</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
*''Arctus arctus'' <small>De Haan, 1849</small>
*''Arctus arctus'' <small>De Haan, 1849</small>
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}}
}}


'''''Scyllarus arctus''''' is a [[species]] of [[slipper lobster]] which lives in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It is uncommon in British and Irish waters, but a number of [[English language|English-language]] [[common name|vernacular names]] have been applied, including ''small European locust lobster'',<ref name="sealife"/> ''lesser slipper lobster''<ref name="Azores">{{cite web |url=http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/listagens.php?lang=en&sstr=5&dis=azores&fld=CodigoEspecie&id=I00542 |title=''Scyllarus arctus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |work=Azorean Biodiversity Portal |publisher=[[University of the Azores|Universidade dos Açores]]}}</ref> and ''broad lobster''.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/24179/24179.pdf |title=List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum |author=[[John Edward Gray]] |publisher=[[British Museum]] |year=1850 |chapter=Part IV. Crustacea}}</ref>
'''''Scyllarus arctus''''' is a [[species]] of [[slipper lobster]] which lives in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It is uncommon in British and Irish waters, but a number of [[English language|English-language]] [[common name|vernacular names]] have been applied, including ''small European locust lobster'',<ref name="sealife"/> ''lesser slipper lobster''<ref name="Azores">{{cite web |url=http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/listagens.php?lang=en&sstr=5&dis=azores&fld=CodigoEspecie&id=I00542 |title=''Scyllarus arctus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |work=Azorean Biodiversity Portal |publisher=[[University of the Azores|Universidade dos Açores]]}}</ref> and ''broad lobster''.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/24179/24179.pdf |title=List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum |author=John Edward Gray |author-link=John Edward Gray |publisher=[[British Museum]] |year=1850 |chapter=Part IV. Crustacea}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
''S. arctus'' is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and in eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from the [[Azores]],<ref name="Azores"/> [[Madeira]] and the [[Canary Islands]] as far north as the [[English Channel]].<ref name="Holthuis">{{cite book |url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=198 |title=Marine Lobsters of the World |chapter = ''Scyllarus arctus'' |author=[[Lipke Holthuis]] |year=1990 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] Fisheries Series}}</ref> The species is rare north of the [[Bay of Biscay]]; several specimens have been seen in [[Great Britain|British]] waters, but nonetheless, ''S. arctus'' is rarer in Britain than the [[giant squid]], ''Architeuthis dux''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Scyllarus_arctus.txt |title=Slipper lobster (''Scyllarus arctus'') |publisher=British Marine Wildlife News |author=Doug Henderson |date=2001-12-21}}</ref> Until 1960, ''S. arctus'' was thought to be the only species of ''[[Scyllarus]]'' in the Mediterranean Sea, but then it was realised that the lesser known ''[[Scyllarus pygmaeus]]'' is also present throughout much of the Mediterranean Sea.<ref name="Lewinsohn">{{cite journal |title=The occurrence of ''Scyllarus pygmaeus'' (Bate) in the eastern Mediterranean (Deacpoda, Scyllaridae) |author=C. Lewinsohn |journal=[[Crustaceana]] |year=1974 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=43–46 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/cr/1974/00000027/00000001/art00007 |doi=10.1163/156854074X00217}}</ref>
''Scyllarus arctus'' is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and in eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from the [[Azores]],<ref name="Azores"/> [[Madeira]] and the [[Canary Islands]] as far north as the [[English Channel]].<ref name="Holthuis">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=198 |title=Marine Lobsters of the World |chapter = ''Scyllarus arctus'' |author=Lipke Holthuis |author-link=Lipke Holthuis |year=1990 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] Fisheries Series}}</ref> The species is rare north of the [[Bay of Biscay]]; several specimens have been seen in [[Great Britain|British]] waters, but nonetheless, ''S. arctus'' is rarer in Britain than the [[giant squid]], ''Architeuthis dux''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Scyllarus_arctus.txt |title=Slipper lobster (''Scyllarus arctus'') |publisher=British Marine Wildlife News |author=Doug Henderson |date=2001-12-21}}</ref> Until 1960, ''S. arctus'' was thought to be the only species of ''[[Scyllarus]]'' in the Mediterranean Sea, but then it was realised that the lesser known ''[[Scyllarus pygmaeus]]'' is also present throughout much of the Mediterranean Sea.<ref name="Lewinsohn">{{cite journal |title=The occurrence of ''Scyllarus pygmaeus'' (Bate) in the eastern Mediterranean (Deacpoda, Scyllaridae) |author=C. Lewinsohn |journal=[[Crustaceana]] |year=1974 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=43–46 |doi=10.1163/156854074X00217}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Scyllarus arctus'' may reach up to {{convert|16|cm}} long, although sizes of {{convert|5|-|10|cm|abbr=on}} are more typical. It is reddish-brown in colour, with a dark brown spot in the centre of each abdominal somite, although this is not sharply defined. The [[pereiopod]]s have a dark blue ring around each segment.<ref name="Holthuis"/> It can be told apart from its close relative ''[[Scyllarus pygmaeus]]'', which lives [[sympatric]]ally with ''S. arctus'', chiefly by its larger size, but also by other features such as the shape of a tubercle on the last [[thorax|thoracic]] [[sternite]]; this is flattened in ''S. arctus'', but conical in ''S. pygmaeus''.<ref name="Lewinsohn"/> ''S. arctus'' has among the smallest measured [[genome size]]s in the Order [[Decapoda]], at less than a third of that seen in the related genus ''[[Scyllarides]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Crustaceans and the Biodiversity Crisis: Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress, 1998 |year=1999 |chapter=Genome size and AT-DNA content in thirteen species of Decapoda |author=A. M. Deiana, A. Cau, E. Coluccia, R. Cannas, A. Milia, S. Salvadori & A. Libertini |pages=981–985 |url=http://flux.ve.ismar.cnr.it/ibm/html//acq/pdf_angelo/libDNAdecapod.pdf |editor=[[Frederick R. Schram|F. R. Schram]] & J. C. von Vaupel Klein |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |ISBN=90-04-11387-8}}</ref>
''Scyllarus arctus'' may reach up to {{convert|16|cm}} long, although sizes of {{convert|5|-|10|cm|abbr=on}} are more typical. It is reddish-brown in colour, with a dark brown spot in the centre of each abdominal somite, although this is not sharply defined. The [[pereiopod]]s have a dark blue ring around each segment.<ref name="Holthuis"/> It can be told apart from its close relative ''[[Scyllarus pygmaeus]]'', which lives [[sympatric]]ally with ''S. arctus'', chiefly by its larger size, but also by other features such as the shape of a tubercle on the last [[thorax|thoracic]] [[sternite]]; this is flattened in ''S. arctus'', but conical in ''S. pygmaeus''.<ref name="Lewinsohn"/> ''S. arctus'' has among the smallest measured [[genome size]]s in the Order [[Decapoda]], at less than a third of that seen in the related genus ''[[Scyllarides]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Crustaceans and the Biodiversity Crisis: Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress, 1998 |year=1999 |chapter=Genome size and AT-DNA content in thirteen species of Decapoda |author=A. M. Deiana |author2=A. Cau |author3=E. Coluccia |author4=R. Cannas |author5=A. Milia|author6=S. Salvadori |author7=A. Libertini |name-list-style=amp |pages=981–985 |chapter-url=http://flux.ve.ismar.cnr.it/ibm/html//acq/pdf_angelo/libDNAdecapod.pdf |editor=F. R. Schram |editor-link=Frederick R. Schram |editor2=J. C. von Vaupel Klein |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |isbn=978-90-04-11387-9}}</ref>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''S. arctus'' is susceptible to [[white spot syndrome]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Experimental infection of European crustaceans with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) |author=V. Corbel, Z. Zuprizal, C. Shi, Huang, Sumartono, J.-M. Arcier & J.-R. Bonami |journal=[[Journal of Fish Diseases]] |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00302.x |year=2001 |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=377–382 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118973404/abstract}}</ref> and is [[predator|predated]] upon by a wide range of [[demersal fish]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Macrobenthic crustaceans in the diet of demersal fish in the Bay of Biscay in relation to abundance in the environment |author=Alberto Serrano, Francisco Velasco, Ignacio Olaso & Francisco Saacutenchez |doi=10.1080/00364820308469 |journal=[[Sarsia]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |year=2003 |pages=36–48 |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/35861823-31423371/content~db=all~content=a713607401~tab=content}}</ref> It lives at depths of 4–50&nbsp;m on muddy or rocky substrates, and in [[Posidonia oceanica|''Posidonia'' meadows]]. It is the subject of small scale [[lobster fishing|fishery]], but its scarcity and its small size make it an unattractive target.<ref name="Holthuis"/>
''Scyllarus arctus'' is susceptible to [[white spot syndrome]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Experimental infection of European crustaceans with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) |author=V. Corbel |author2=Z. Zuprizal |author3=C. Shi |author4=Huang |author5=Sumartono, J.-M. Arcier |author6=J.-R. Bonami |name-list-style=amp |journal=[[Journal of Fish Diseases]] |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00302.x |year=2001 |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=377–382 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118973404/abstract|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105222257/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118973404/abstract|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-05}}</ref> and is [[predator|predated]] upon by a wide range of [[demersal fish]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Macrobenthic crustaceans in the diet of demersal fish in the Bay of Biscay in relation to abundance in the environment |author=Alberto Serrano |author2=Francisco Velasco |author3=Ignacio Olaso |author4=Francisco Saacutenchez |name-list-style=amp |doi=10.1080/00364820308469 |journal=[[Sarsia]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |year=2003 |pages=36–48 |s2cid=84516128 }}</ref> It lives at depths of 4–50&nbsp;m on muddy or rocky substrates, and in [[Posidonia oceanica|''Posidonia'' meadows]]. It is the subject of small scale [[lobster fishing|fishery]], but its scarcity and its small size make it an unattractive target.<ref name="Holthuis"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|32em}}
{{Reflist|32em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |author=D. T. G. Quigley, K. Flannery, D. Herdson, R. Lord & J. M. C. Holmes |year=2010 |title=Slipper lobster (''Scyllarus arctus'' (L.)) (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Irish, U.K. and Channel Island waters |journal=[[Irish Naturalists' Journal]] |volume=31 |pages=33–39}}
*{{cite journal |author=D. T. G. Quigley |author2=K. Flannery |author3=D. Herdson |author4= R. Lord |author5=J. M. C. Holmes |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |title=Slipper lobster (''Scyllarus arctus'' (L.)) (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Irish, U.K. and Channel Island waters |journal=[[Irish Naturalists' Journal]] |volume=31 |pages=33–39}}


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
*{{Commons category-inline|Scyllarus arctus|''Scyllarus arctus''}}
{{TaxonIds |ncbi=198229 |itis=97666 |worms=107709 |eol=128511}}
* {{SealifePhotos|107709}}
⚫
*{{commonscat-inline|Scyllarus arctus|''Scyllarus arctus''}}


{{Edible crustaceans}}
{{Edible crustaceans}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q28455}}


[[Category:Achelata]]
[[Category:Achelata]]
[[Category:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Crustaceans of Brazil]]
[[Category:Edible crustaceans]]
[[Category:Edible crustaceans]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1758]]
[[Category:Crustaceans described in 1758]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

[[br:Grilh-saoz]]
[[ca:Xuia]]
[[fr:Scyllarus arctus]]
[[gl:Santiaguiño]]
[[it:Scyllarus arctus]]

Latest revision as of 01:14, 25 April 2024

Scyllarus arctus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Family: Scyllaridae
Genus: Scyllarus
Species:
S. arctus
Binomial name
Scyllarus arctus
Synonyms
  • Arctus arctus De Haan, 1849
  • Arctus crenulatus Bouvier, 1905
  • Arctus ursus Dana, 1852
  • Astacus arctus Pennant, 1777
  • Cancer Arctus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Cancer (Astacus) ursus minor Herbst, 1793
  • Chrysoma mediterraneum Risso, 1827
  • Nisto asper Sarato, 1885
  • Phyllosoma mediterraneum Hope, 1851
  • Phyllosoma sarniense Lukis, 1835
  • Phyllosoma parthenopaeum Costa, 1840
  • Scyllarus tridentatus Leach, 1814
  • Scyllarus cicada Risso, 1816
  • Scyllarus (Arctus) crenulatus Bouvier, 1915
  • Yalomus depressus Rafinesque MS in Holthuis, 1985

Scyllarus arctus is a species of slipper lobster which lives in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is uncommon in British and Irish waters, but a number of English-language vernacular names have been applied, including small European locust lobster,[2] lesser slipper lobster[3] and broad lobster.[4]

Distribution

[edit]

Scyllarus arctus is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and in eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from the Azores,[3] Madeira and the Canary Islands as far north as the English Channel.[5] The species is rare north of the Bay of Biscay; several specimens have been seen in British waters, but nonetheless, S. arctus is rarer in Britain than the giant squid, Architeuthis dux.[6] Until 1960, S. arctus was thought to be the only species of Scyllarus in the Mediterranean Sea, but then it was realised that the lesser known Scyllarus pygmaeus is also present throughout much of the Mediterranean Sea.[7]

Description

[edit]

Scyllarus arctus may reach up to 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long, although sizes of 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) are more typical. It is reddish-brown in colour, with a dark brown spot in the centre of each abdominal somite, although this is not sharply defined. The pereiopods have a dark blue ring around each segment.[5] It can be told apart from its close relative Scyllarus pygmaeus, which lives sympatrically with S. arctus, chiefly by its larger size, but also by other features such as the shape of a tubercle on the last thoracic sternite; this is flattened in S. arctus, but conical in S. pygmaeus.[7] S. arctus has among the smallest measured genome sizes in the Order Decapoda, at less than a third of that seen in the related genus Scyllarides.[8]

Ecology

[edit]

Scyllarus arctus is susceptible to white spot syndrome,[9] and is predated upon by a wide range of demersal fish.[10] It lives at depths of 4–50 m on muddy or rocky substrates, and in Posidonia meadows. It is the subject of small scale fishery, but its scarcity and its small size make it an unattractive target.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Butler, M.; MacDiarmid, A.; Wahle, R.; Cockcroft, A.; Chan, T.Y. (2011). "Scyllarus arctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T169949A6690609. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169949A6690609.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Scyllarus arctus – small European locust lobster". SeaLifeBase. November 7, 2008.
  3. ^ a b "Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Azorean Biodiversity Portal. Universidade dos Açores.
  4. ^ John Edward Gray (1850). "Part IV. Crustacea" (PDF). List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum.
  5. ^ a b c Lipke Holthuis (1990). "Scyllarus arctus". Marine Lobsters of the World. FAO Fisheries Series.
  6. ^ Doug Henderson (2001-12-21). "Slipper lobster (Scyllarus arctus)". British Marine Wildlife News.
  7. ^ a b C. Lewinsohn (1974). "The occurrence of Scyllarus pygmaeus (Bate) in the eastern Mediterranean (Deacpoda, Scyllaridae)". Crustaceana. 27 (1): 43–46. doi:10.1163/156854074X00217.
  8. ^ A. M. Deiana; A. Cau; E. Coluccia; R. Cannas; A. Milia; S. Salvadori & A. Libertini (1999). "Genome size and AT-DNA content in thirteen species of Decapoda" (PDF). In F. R. Schram & J. C. von Vaupel Klein (eds.). Crustaceans and the Biodiversity Crisis: Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress, 1998. Elsevier. pp. 981–985. ISBN 978-90-04-11387-9.
  9. ^ V. Corbel; Z. Zuprizal; C. Shi; Huang; Sumartono, J.-M. Arcier & J.-R. Bonami (2001). "Experimental infection of European crustaceans with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 24 (7): 377–382. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00302.x. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
  10. ^ Alberto Serrano; Francisco Velasco; Ignacio Olaso & Francisco Saacutenchez (2003). "Macrobenthic crustaceans in the diet of demersal fish in the Bay of Biscay in relation to abundance in the environment". Sarsia. 88 (1): 36–48. doi:10.1080/00364820308469. S2CID 84516128.

Further reading

[edit]
  • D. T. G. Quigley; K. Flannery; D. Herdson; R. Lord & J. M. C. Holmes (2010). "Slipper lobster (Scyllarus arctus (L.)) (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Irish, U.K. and Channel Island waters". Irish Naturalists' Journal. 31: 33–39.
[edit]
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