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{{Short description|Hawaiian educator, author, and linguist}}
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'''William DeWitt Alexander''' (April 2, 1833 – February 21, 1913) was an educator, author and linguist in the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] and [[Republic of Hawaii]].
'''William DeWitt Alexander''' (April 2, 1833 – February 21, 1913) was an educator, author and linguist in the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] and [[Republic of Hawaii]]. He then constructed maps for the [[Territory of Hawaii]].
He then constructed maps for the [[Territory of Hawaii]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
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During this time Alexander published books on Hawaiian history and the [[Hawaiian language]].
During this time Alexander published books on Hawaiian history and the [[Hawaiian language]].
His younger brother [[Samuel Thomas Alexander]] founded [[Alexander & Baldwin]] with his wife's brother [[Henry Perrine Baldwin]]. The swimming pool and [[Track and field athletics|athletic field]] at the school are named for Alexander family members.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper= The Friend |title= Punahou's Physical Plant and the Goodhue Block Plan |author= [[Walter F. Dillingham]] |date= March 1924 |page= 66 |number= 3 |volume= XCIV |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BO3kAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA66 }}</ref><ref name="Alexander Field">{{cite web|url=http://www.punahou.edu/page.cfm?p=2757|title=Punahou School: Alexander Field|year=2011–2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319021305/http://www.punahou.edu/page.cfm?p=2757|archive-date=March 19, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=November 19, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
His younger brother [[Samuel Thomas Alexander]] founded [[Alexander & Baldwin]] with his wife's brother [[Henry Perrine Baldwin]]. The swimming pool and [[Track and field athletics|athletic field]] at the school are named for Alexander family members.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper= The Friend |title= Punahou's Physical Plant and the Goodhue Block Plan |author= [[Walter F. Dillingham]] |date= March 1924 |page= 66 |number= 3 |volume= XCIV |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BO3kAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA66 }}</ref><ref name="Alexander Field">{{cite web|url=http://www.punahou.edu/page.cfm?p=2757|title=Punahou School: Alexander Field|year=2011–2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319021305/http://www.punahou.edu/page.cfm?p=2757|archive-date=March 19, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=November 19, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
In spring 1871 Alexander became Royal Surveyor-General, and Edward Payson Church replaced him as president of Punahou. As the head of the Kingdom's Survey Department, Alexander led a trigonometrical mapping project that eventually produced a map of the islands which the Kingdom showcased at the [[Centennial Exposition|1876 World's Fair]] in Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greenlee |first1=John Wyatt |title=Eight Islands on Four Maps: The Cartographic Negotiation of Hawai'i, 1876-1959 |journal=Cartographica |date=2015 |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=119–140|doi=10.3138/cart.50.3.2857 |s2cid=129490127 }} [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/593186/pdf online]</ref> Alexander with [[Luther Aholo]] represented the Kingdom of Hawaii at the [[International Meridian Conference]], held in Washington, DC, in October 1884. This conference resulted in the selection of the [[Greenwich Meridian]] as an international standard for zero degrees [[longitude]].{{sfn|International Meridian Conference|1884|page=2}}{{sfn|Schmitt|Cox|1992|page=218}}
In spring 1871 Alexander became Royal Surveyor-General, and Edward Payson Church replaced him as president of Punahou. As the head of the Kingdom's Survey Department, Alexander led a trigonometrical mapping project that eventually produced a map of the islands which the Kingdom showcased at the [[Centennial Exposition|1876 World's Fair]] in Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greenlee |first1=John Wyatt |title=Eight Islands on Four Maps: The Cartographic Negotiation of Hawai'i, 1876-1959 |journal=Cartographica |date=2015 |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=119–140|doi=10.3138/cart.50.3.2857 |s2cid=129490127 |doi-access=free }} [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/593186/pdf online]</ref> Alexander with [[Luther Aholo]] represented the Kingdom of Hawaii at the [[International Meridian Conference]], held in Washington, DC, in October 1884. This conference resulted in the selection of the [[Greenwich Meridian]] as an international standard for zero degrees [[longitude]].<ref>{{cite conference |conference=International Meridian Conference |date=1884 |location=Washington, D.C. |title=International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. |page=2 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/17759 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schmitt|first1=Robert C.|last2=Cox|first2=Doak C. |title=Hawaiian Time |journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History |location=Honolulu |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|volume=26|year=1992|hdl=10524/239|oclc=60626541|pages=207–225}}</ref>{{rp|page=218}}
On November 6, 1874 Alexander was appointed to the Board of education, and then in 1896 Commissioner of Public Instruction.<ref name="office"/>
On November 6, 1874, Alexander was appointed to the Board of education, and then in 1896 Commissioner of Public Instruction.<ref name="office"/>
After Hawaii was annexed into the [[United States]] in 1898, Alexander was surveyor of the [[Territory of Hawaii]].
After Hawaii was annexed into the [[United States]] in 1898, Alexander was surveyor of the [[Territory of Hawaii]].
He assisted the [[U.S. National Geodetic Survey]] mapping the islands.<ref name="office">{{cite web |url= http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASHe63e.dir/Alexander,%20William%20Dewitt.jpg |title= Alexander, William DeWitt office record |work= state archives digital collections |publisher= state of Hawaii |access-date= 2010-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100527155400/http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASHe63e.dir/Alexander%2C%20William%20Dewitt.jpg |archive-date= May 27, 2010 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref> He was a founding member of the Hawaiian Historical Society (during its second incarnation in 1893) and served as its first corresponding secretary. He wrote many articles for its journal.<ref>{{cite book |title= Annual report of the Hawaiian Historical Society |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society |year= 1893 |volume= 1 |hdl= 10524/86}}</ref>
He assisted the [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey]] in mapping the islands.<ref name="office">{{cite web |url= http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASHe63e.dir/Alexander,%20William%20Dewitt.jpg |title= Alexander, William DeWitt office record |work= state archives digital collections |publisher= state of Hawaii |access-date= 2010-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100527155400/http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASHe63e.dir/Alexander%2C%20William%20Dewitt.jpg |archive-date= May 27, 2010 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref> He was a founding member of the Hawaiian Historical Society (during its second incarnation in 1893) and served as its first corresponding secretary. He wrote many articles for its journal.<ref>{{cite book |title= Annual report of the Hawaiian Historical Society |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society |year= 1893 |volume= 1 |hdl= 10524/86}}</ref>


==Family and death==
==Family and death==
Yale awarded him an honorary [[Doctor of law]]s degree in 1903.<ref name="yale"/>
Yale awarded him an honorary [[Doctor of law]]s degree in 1903.<ref name="yale"/>
He died February 21, 1913 at the [[Queen's Medical Center]] in Honolulu. He and his wife are buried in the cemetery at [[Kawaiahaʻo Church]], across the street from where he was born.<ref>{{cite web |title= Mission Houses Cemetery, Honolulu, Hawaii |work= US Genweb archives |author= William Disbro |date= November 6, 2001 |url= http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/honolulu/cemeteries/mission.txt |access-date= 2010-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130302193015/http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/honolulu/cemeteries/mission.txt |archive-date= March 2, 2013 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
He died February 21, 1913, at the [[Queen's Medical Center]] in Honolulu. He and his wife are buried in the cemetery at [[Kawaiahaʻo Church]], across the street from where he was born.<ref>{{cite web |title= Mission Houses Cemetery, Honolulu, Hawaii |work= US Genweb archives |author= William Disbro |date= November 6, 2001 |url= http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/honolulu/cemeteries/mission.txt |access-date= 2010-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130302193015/http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/honolulu/cemeteries/mission.txt |archive-date= March 2, 2013 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
Daughter Mary Charlotte Alexander (1874–1961) wrote a biography of both her grandfathers<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZQcAAAAMAAJ |title=Dr. Baldwin of Lahaina |author=Mary Charlotte Alexander |publisher=M.C. Alexander |year=1953 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= William Patterson Alexander in Kentucky, the Marquesas, Hawaii |author= Mary Charlotte Alexander |year= 1934 |publisher= Yale university press }}</ref> and a history of Hawaii.<ref>{{cite book |title=The story of Hawaii |author=Mary Charlotte Alexander |url=https://archive.org/details/storyhawaii01alexgoog |publisher=M.C. Alexander |year=1912 }}</ref>
Daughter Mary Charlotte Alexander (1874–1961) wrote a biography of both her grandfathers<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZQcAAAAMAAJ |title=Dr. Baldwin of Lahaina |author=Mary Charlotte Alexander |publisher=M.C. Alexander |year=1953 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= William Patterson Alexander in Kentucky, the Marquesas, Hawaii |author= Mary Charlotte Alexander |year= 1934 |publisher= Yale university press }}</ref> and a history of Hawaii.<ref>{{cite book |title=The story of Hawaii |author=Mary Charlotte Alexander |url=https://archive.org/details/storyhawaii01alexgoog |publisher=M.C. Alexander |year=1912 }}</ref>
Daughter [[Agnes Baldwin Alexander]] (1875–1971) became a follower of the [[Baháʼí Faith]] and author.<ref>{{cite book|author=Agnes Baldwin Alexander|title=Personal Recollections of a Bahá'í Life in the Hawaiian Islands: Forty Years of the Baháʼí Cause in Hawaii, 1902-1942|publisher=The National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the Hawaiian Islands (rev. ed., 1974)|year=|isbn=|location=Honolulu, HI, USA|pages=}}</ref> She learned the [[Esperanto]] language<ref>{{cite news|author=Agnes B. Alexander|first=|date=October 1917|title=The New Education—A Universal Language|volume=LXXV|page=228|work=The Friend|number=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-XkAAAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.RA1-PA228|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref> and moved to [[Japan]].<ref>{{citation|author=Agnes Baldwin Alexander|title=An account of how I became a Baha'i and my stays in Paris in 1901 and 1937|date=23 June 1958|url=http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~bahai/notes/alexand.htm|work=[[Michigan State University]] web site|volume=|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105222/http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~bahai/notes/alexand.htm|archive-date=July 20, 2011|publication-date=|editor=Thomas Linard}}</ref>
Daughter [[Agnes Baldwin Alexander]] (1875–1971) became a follower of the [[Baháʼí Faith]] and author.<ref>{{cite book|author=Agnes Baldwin Alexander|title=Personal Recollections of a Bahá'í Life in the Hawaiian Islands: Forty Years of the Baháʼí Cause in Hawaii, 1902-1942|publisher=The National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the Hawaiian Islands (rev. ed., 1974)|year=|isbn=|location=Honolulu, HI, USA|pages=}}</ref> She learned the [[Esperanto]] language<ref>{{cite news|author=Agnes B. Alexander|first=|date=October 1917|title=The New Education—A Universal Language|volume=LXXV|page=228|work=The Friend|number=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-XkAAAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.RA1-PA228|access-date=}}</ref> and moved to [[Japan]].<ref>{{citation|author=Agnes Baldwin Alexander|title=An account of how I became a Baha'i and my stays in Paris in 1901 and 1937|date=23 June 1958|url=http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~bahai/notes/alexand.htm|work=[[Michigan State University]] web site|volume=|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105222/http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~bahai/notes/alexand.htm|archive-date=July 20, 2011|editor=Thomas Linard}}</ref>
He had sons William Douglas Alexander (1861–1936), Arthur Chambers Alexander (1863–1954), and Henry Edward Mansfield Alexander (June 10, 1868—August 22, 1900).
He had sons William Douglas Alexander (1861–1936), Arthur Chambers Alexander (1863–1954), and Henry Edward Mansfield Alexander (June 10, 1868—August 22, 1900).
William Douglas (sometimes called W.D. Alexander Jr.), was in [[San Francisco]] during the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]]. He survived with only a few important papers stuffed in his coat.<ref>{{cite web |title= William Douglas Alexander letter to his sister, Mary C. Alexander |date= May 16, 1906 |author= William Douglas Alexander |work= The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire Digital Collection |url= http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb7h4nb56r/?&brand=oac }}</ref>
William Douglas (sometimes called W.D. Alexander Jr.), was in [[San Francisco]] during the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]]. He survived with only a few important papers stuffed in his coat.<ref>{{cite web |title= William Douglas Alexander letter to his sister, Mary C. Alexander |date= May 16, 1906 |author= William Douglas Alexander |work= The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire Digital Collection |url= http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb7h4nb56r/?&brand=oac }}</ref>
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[[Category:1913 deaths]]
[[Category:1913 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Honolulu]]
[[Category:Writers from Honolulu]]
[[Category:American school superintendents]]
[[Category:School superintendents in Hawaii]]
[[Category:People from the Territory of Hawaii]]
[[Category:Burials at Kawaiahaʻo Church]]
[[Category:Burials at Kawaiahaʻo Church]]
[[Category:Punahou School alumni]]
[[Category:Punahou School alumni]]
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[[Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council]]
[[Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council]]
[[Category:Republic of Hawaii politicians]]
[[Category:Republic of Hawaii politicians]]
[[Category:Members of Skull and Bones]]

Revision as of 01:18, 25 April 2024

William DeWitt Alexander
With his family in the 1880s
Born(1833-04-02)April 2, 1833
Honolulu, Hawaii
DiedFebruary 21, 1913(1913-02-21) (aged 79)
Occupation(s)Educator, Surveyor
SpouseAbigail Charlotte Baldwin
ChildrenAgnes Baldwin Alexander
+ 4 others
Parent(s)William Alexander
Mary McKinney

William DeWitt Alexander (April 2, 1833 – February 21, 1913) was an educator, author and linguist in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii. He then constructed maps for the Territory of Hawaii.

Early life

Alexander was born in Honolulu April 2, 1833. His father was missionary William Patterson Alexander and mother Mary Ann McKinney. He was named after William Radcliffe DeWitt (1792–1867) a Presbyterian pastor of his mother, who convinced her and her brother Edmund McKinney to become missionaries.[1] He graduated from Punahou School in 1849, and traveled to New England to enroll at Yale. He received a BA degree from Yale in 1855 as Salutatorian, a Master of Arts in 1858,[2] and was a member of Skull and Bones.[3] He returned to Hawaii and joined the faculty of Punahou School as a professor of Greek and history. He married Abigail Charlotte Baldwin (1833–1913), daughter of missionary Dwight Baldwin in 1861. He became the fourth president of Punahou (then called Oahu College) in the summer of 1864, replacing Cyrus T. Mills. Mills and his wife Susan Tolman Mills then founded Mills College.[4]

Work

During this time Alexander published books on Hawaiian history and the Hawaiian language. His younger brother Samuel Thomas Alexander founded Alexander & Baldwin with his wife's brother Henry Perrine Baldwin. The swimming pool and athletic field at the school are named for Alexander family members.[5][6] In spring 1871 Alexander became Royal Surveyor-General, and Edward Payson Church replaced him as president of Punahou. As the head of the Kingdom's Survey Department, Alexander led a trigonometrical mapping project that eventually produced a map of the islands which the Kingdom showcased at the 1876 World's Fair in Philadelphia.[7] Alexander with Luther Aholo represented the Kingdom of Hawaii at the International Meridian Conference, held in Washington, DC, in October 1884. This conference resulted in the selection of the Greenwich Meridian as an international standard for zero degrees longitude.[8][9]: 218  On November 6, 1874, Alexander was appointed to the Board of education, and then in 1896 Commissioner of Public Instruction.[10] After Hawaii was annexed into the United States in 1898, Alexander was surveyor of the Territory of Hawaii. He assisted the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in mapping the islands.[10] He was a founding member of the Hawaiian Historical Society (during its second incarnation in 1893) and served as its first corresponding secretary. He wrote many articles for its journal.[11]

Family and death

Yale awarded him an honorary Doctor of laws degree in 1903.[2] He died February 21, 1913, at the Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu. He and his wife are buried in the cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church, across the street from where he was born.[12] Daughter Mary Charlotte Alexander (1874–1961) wrote a biography of both her grandfathers[13][14] and a history of Hawaii.[15] Daughter Agnes Baldwin Alexander (1875–1971) became a follower of the Baháʼí Faith and author.[16] She learned the Esperanto language[17] and moved to Japan.[18] He had sons William Douglas Alexander (1861–1936), Arthur Chambers Alexander (1863–1954), and Henry Edward Mansfield Alexander (June 10, 1868—August 22, 1900). William Douglas (sometimes called W.D. Alexander Jr.), was in San Francisco during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. He survived with only a few important papers stuffed in his coat.[19] Arthur became a professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley and authored his own textbook.[20]

Works

  • William DeWitt Alexander (1891) [1864]. A short synopsis of the most essential points in Hawaiian grammar. Press Publishing Company Print.
  • William DeWitt Alexander (1891). A brief history of the Hawaiian people. American Book Co. ISBN 978-1-142-04130-4.
  • William DeWitt Alexander (1896). History of later years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the revolution of 1893. Hawaiian Gazette Company.
  • William DeWitt Alexander (1900). Hawaiian Society Sons of the American Revolution yearbook. Hawaiian Gazette Company.
  • William DeWitt Alexander (1902). Hawaiian geographic names. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
  • William DeWitt Alexander (1907). Oahu college: list of trustees, presidents, instructors, matrons, librarians, superintendents of grounds and students, 1841-1906. Historical sketch of Oahu college. Hawaiian Gazette Company.
  • "Papers by "Alexander, W. D. (William De Witt), 1833-1913"". Hawaiian Historical Society. Retrieved April 30, 2010.

Family tree

References

  1. ^ The Centennial Memorial of the Presbytery of Carlisle: Biographical. Meyers Printers and Publishing House. 1889. p. 444.
  2. ^ a b Yale University (1915). Obituary record of graduates of Yale University. The University. pp. 376–378.
  3. ^ Millegan, Kris (2003). "The Skeleton Crew". Fleshing Out Skull and Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society. Walterville, OR: Trine Day. pp. 597–690. ISBN 0-9720207-2-1. "This list is compiled from material from the Order of Skull and Bones membership books at Sterling Library, Yale University and other public records. The latest books available are the 1971 Living members and the 1973 Deceased Members books. The last year the members were published in the Yale Banner is 1969."
  4. ^ "The History of Punahou". Punahou school web site. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  5. ^ Walter F. Dillingham (March 1924). "Punahou's Physical Plant and the Goodhue Block Plan". The Friend. Vol. XCIV, no. 3. p. 66.
  6. ^ "Punahou School: Alexander Field". 2011–2012. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
  7. ^ Greenlee, John Wyatt (2015). "Eight Islands on Four Maps: The Cartographic Negotiation of Hawai'i, 1876-1959". Cartographica. 50 (3): 119–140. doi:10.3138/cart.50.3.2857. S2CID 129490127. online
  8. ^ International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. International Meridian Conference. Washington, D.C. 1884. p. 2.
  9. ^ Schmitt, Robert C.; Cox, Doak C. (1992). "Hawaiian Time". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 26. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 207–225. hdl:10524/239. OCLC 60626541.
  10. ^ a b "Alexander, William DeWitt office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  11. ^ Annual report of the Hawaiian Historical Society. Vol. 1. Hawaiian Historical Society. 1893. hdl:10524/86.
  12. ^ William Disbro (November 6, 2001). "Mission Houses Cemetery, Honolulu, Hawaii". US Genweb archives. Archived from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  13. ^ Mary Charlotte Alexander (1953). Dr. Baldwin of Lahaina. M.C. Alexander.
  14. ^ Mary Charlotte Alexander (1934). William Patterson Alexander in Kentucky, the Marquesas, Hawaii. Yale university press.
  15. ^ Mary Charlotte Alexander (1912). The story of Hawaii. M.C. Alexander.
  16. ^ Agnes Baldwin Alexander. Personal Recollections of a Bahá'í Life in the Hawaiian Islands: Forty Years of the Baháʼí Cause in Hawaii, 1902-1942. Honolulu, HI, USA: The National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the Hawaiian Islands (rev. ed., 1974).
  17. ^ Agnes B. Alexander (October 1917). "The New Education—A Universal Language". The Friend. Vol. LXXV, no. 10. p. 228.
  18. ^ Agnes Baldwin Alexander (June 23, 1958), Thomas Linard (ed.), "An account of how I became a Baha'i and my stays in Paris in 1901 and 1937", Michigan State University web site, archived from the original on July 20, 2011
  19. ^ William Douglas Alexander (May 16, 1906). "William Douglas Alexander letter to his sister, Mary C. Alexander". The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire Digital Collection.
  20. ^ Arthur Chambers Alexander (1901) [1897]. An elementary course in experimental physics (4 ed.). University of California.
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