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{{Short description|Duke of Bohemia from 889 to 915}}
{{Unreferenced|date=November 2007}}
{{Infobox royalty
'''Spytihněv I''' (c. 875 - 915) was [[List of rulers of Bohemia|Duke of Bohemia]] from 894 or 895 until his death.
|name = Spytihněv I
| image = Spitygniew I.jpg
| caption = Fresco, [[Rotunda of Saint Catherine]], Znojmo
| succession = [[List of Bohemian monarchs|Duke of Bohemia]]
| reign = 889 – 915
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]]
⚫
| successor = [[Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Vratislaus I]]
| dynasty = [[Přemyslid dynasty|Přemyslid]]
| father = [[Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]]
| mother = [[Ludmila of Bohemia|Ludmila]]
| birth_date = 882
| birth_place =
| death_date = 915 (aged 33)
| death_place =
⚫
| date of burial =
| place of burial =probably [[Church of the Virgin Mary (Prague Castle)|Church of the Virgin Mary]]
⚫
|}}


'''Spytihněv I''' (c. 875 – 915), a member of the [[Přemyslid dynasty]], was [[List of Bohemian monarchs|Duke of Bohemia]] from 889 (under regency until 894 or 895) until his death in 915.<ref>{{cite book|last=Klapste|first=Jan|title=The Czech Lands in Medieval Transformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dcyAQAAQBAJ&pg=P361|date=11 November 2011|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-22646-3|page=361}}</ref>
He was the eldest son of Duke [[Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]], the first historically-documented [[Bohemia]]n ruler of the [[Přemyslid dynasty]], and his wife [[Ludmila of Bohemia|Ludmila]]. He was still a minor upon his father's death c. 889, and the Bohemian lands were placed under the [[regent|regency]] of their suzerain Prince [[Svatopluk I]] of [[Great Moravia]]. After Svatopluk died in 894, an inheritance conflict arose between his sons [[Mojmír II]] and [[Svatopluk II]]. Spytihněv took advantage of the situation to free himself from Moravian vassalage. According to the ''[[Annales Fuldenses]]'', he appeared at the 895 [[Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)|Reichstag]] in [[Regensburg]] and paid homage to the [[East Francia|East Frankish]] king [[Arnulf of Carinthia]].


==Life==
⚫
Spytihněv is known for his alliance with Margrave [[Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria|Luitpold of Bavaria]], who in 898 fought against Mojmír II, finally separating Bohemia from the Greater Moravian realm. Designed to protect Bohemia against the ravages of [[Magyars|Magyar]] raiders, this pact also opened Bohemia to East Frankish [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] culture and paved the way for the eventual triumph of [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] in Czech spiritual affairs. Spytihněv continued the extension of [[Prague Castle]] as the administrative center of the Přemyslid duchy.
He was the eldest son of Duke [[Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]], the first historically documented [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemian]] ruler, and his wife [[Ludmila of Bohemia|Ludmila]]. Because Spytihněv and his younger brother [[Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Vratislaus]] were still minors at the time of their father's death about 889, the Bohemian lands were placed under the [[regent|regency]] of their suzerain, the [[Great Moravia]]n ruler [[Svatopluk I of Moravia|Svatopluk I]].

After Svatopluk died in 894, an inheritance conflict arose between his sons [[Mojmir II of Moravia|Mojmír II]] and [[Svatopluk II]]. Spytihněv took advantage of the situation to free himself from Moravian vassalage. According to the Frankish chronicle ''[[Annales Fuldenses]]'', he appeared at the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] (''Reichstag'') in [[Regensburg]] in 895 and paid homage to the [[East Francia|East Frankish]] King [[Arnulf of Carinthia]]. This was an important first step in detaching Bohemia from Moravian rule. He reinforced Přemyslid rule in [[Central Bohemian Region|Central Bohemia]] around present-day [[Prague]], having several castles erected along the borders of his realm at [[Mělník]], [[Libušín]], [[Tetín (Beroun District)|Tetín]], [[Lštění]], and [[Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav|Boleslav]]. He also continued the extension of [[Prague Castle]] as the administrative centre of the rising Přemyslid duchy as a replacement for the early medieval [[Gord (archaeology)|gord]] of [[Levý Hradec]].

⚫
Spytihněv further strengthened ties with [[East Francia]] by forming an alliance with Margrave [[Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria|Luitpold of Bavaria]], who in 898 fought against Mojmír II with the result that Bohemia finally separated from the Greater Moravian realm. Designed to protect Bohemia against the ravages of [[Hungarian invasions of Europe|Hungarian invasions]], the alliance with East Francia also opened Bohemia to [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] culture and paved the way for the eventual triumph of [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] in Czech spiritual affairs.

He was confirmed to buried in the [[Church of the Virgin Mary (Prague Castle)|Church of the Virgin Mary]] in Prague Castle,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Odkud přišli Přemyslovci? Analýza DNA byla pro vědce velkým překvapením |url=https://www.dotyk.cz/magazin/premyslovci-dna-30000216.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=dotyk.cz |language=cs}}</ref> as were many members of the royal [[Přemyslid dynasty]] during this period.

== DNA ==
DNA testing on his remains suggests the Přemysl family's [[Y haplogroup|Y-haplogroup]] was [[Haplogroup R1b|R1b]], common to Western Europe and Czech Republic.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Přemyslid dynasty]]||~875||915|}}
{{S-hou|[[Přemyslid dynasty]]||c. 875||915|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Bohemia|Duke of Bohemia]]|years=c. 894–915}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Bohemia|Duke of Bohemia]]|years=c. 889–915}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Vratislaus I]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Vratislaus I]]}}
{{end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Monarchs of Bohemia}}
{{Monarchs of Bohemia}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata

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| name =Spytihnev I, Duke of Bohemia
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[[Category:870s births]]
| alternative names =
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| short description = Duke of Bohemia
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| date of birth =
| place of birth =
| date of death = 915
| place of death =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Spytihnev I, Duke of Bohemia}}
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[[Category:Bohemian monarchs]]
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[[Category:Dukes of Bohemia]]
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[[Category:Přemyslid dynasty]]
[[Category:915 deaths]]
[[Category:915 deaths]]
[[Category:10th-century rulers in Europe]]
[[Category:9th-century monarchs of Bohemia]]
[[Category:9th-century rulers in Europe]]
[[Category:10th-century monarchs of Bohemia]]
[[Category:Chalcedonian Christian monarchs]]
[[Category:10th-century dukes in Europe]]
[[Category:9th-century dukes in Europe]]
[[Category:9th-century people from Bohemia]]
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[[Category:9th-century Slavs]]
[[Category:Dukes of Bohemia]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
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[[Category:Christian monarchs]]
[[Category:Slavic warriors]]

Latest revision as of 05:10, 25 April 2024

Spytihněv I
Fresco, Rotunda of Saint Catherine, Znojmo
Duke of Bohemia
Reign889 – 915
PredecessorBořivoj I
SuccessorVratislaus I
Born882
Died915 (aged 33)
Burial
probably Church of the Virgin Mary
DynastyPřemyslid
FatherBořivoj I
MotherLudmila

Spytihněv I (c. 875 – 915), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 889 (under regency until 894 or 895) until his death in 915.[1]

Leben

[edit]

He was the eldest son of Duke Bořivoj I, the first historically documented Bohemian ruler, and his wife Ludmila. Because Spytihněv and his younger brother Vratislaus were still minors at the time of their father's death about 889, the Bohemian lands were placed under the regency of their suzerain, the Great Moravian ruler Svatopluk I.

After Svatopluk died in 894, an inheritance conflict arose between his sons Mojmír II and Svatopluk II. Spytihněv took advantage of the situation to free himself from Moravian vassalage. According to the Frankish chronicle Annales Fuldenses, he appeared at the Imperial Diet (Reichstag) in Regensburg in 895 and paid homage to the East Frankish King Arnulf of Carinthia. This was an important first step in detaching Bohemia from Moravian rule. He reinforced Přemyslid rule in Central Bohemia around present-day Prague, having several castles erected along the borders of his realm at Mělník, Libušín, Tetín, Lštění, and Boleslav. He also continued the extension of Prague Castle as the administrative centre of the rising Přemyslid duchy as a replacement for the early medieval gord of Levý Hradec.

Spytihněv further strengthened ties with East Francia by forming an alliance with Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria, who in 898 fought against Mojmír II with the result that Bohemia finally separated from the Greater Moravian realm. Designed to protect Bohemia against the ravages of Hungarian invasions, the alliance with East Francia also opened Bohemia to Carolingian culture and paved the way for the eventual triumph of Roman Catholicism in Czech spiritual affairs.

He was confirmed to buried in the Church of the Virgin Mary in Prague Castle,[2] as were many members of the royal Přemyslid dynasty during this period.

DNA

[edit]

DNA testing on his remains suggests the Přemysl family's Y-haplogroup was R1b, common to Western Europe and Czech Republic.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Klapste, Jan (11 November 2011). The Czech Lands in Medieval Transformation. Brill. p. 361. ISBN 978-90-04-22646-3.
  2. ^ a b "Odkud přišli Přemyslovci? Analýza DNA byla pro vědce velkým překvapením". dotyk.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2023-05-13.
Spytihněv I, Duke of Bohemia
Born: c. 875 Died: 915
Preceded by Duke of Bohemia
c. 889–915 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spytihněv_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia&oldid=1220666470"